Explore the vast range of titles available.

Objective The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare education is inevitable. Understanding the proficiency of generative AI in different languages to answer complex questions is crucial for educational purposes. The study objective was to compare the performance ChatGPT-4 and Gemini in answering Virology multiple-choice questions (MCQs) in English and Arabic, while assessing the quality of the generated content. Both AI models’ responses to 40 Virology MCQs were assessed for correctness and quality based on the CLEAR tool designed for evaluation of AI-generated content. The MCQs were classified into lower and higher cognitive categories based on the revised Bloom’s taxonomy. The study design considered the METRICS checklist for the design and reporting of generative AI-based studies in healthcare. Results ChatGPT-4 and Gemini performed better in English compared to Arabic, with ChatGPT-4 consistently surpassing Gemini in correctness and CLEAR scores. ChatGPT-4 led Gemini with 80% vs. 62.5% correctness in English compared to 65% vs. 55% in Arabic. For both AI models, superior performance in lower cognitive domains was reported. Both ChatGPT-4 and Gemini exhibited potential in educational applications; nevertheless, their performance varied across languages highlighting the importance of continued development to ensure the effective AI integration in healthcare education globally.

This experiential study was an in-depth examination of the current experiences and perceptions of five special education teachers and six vocational rehabilitation practitioners who provide training for transition-aged females with intellectual disability in Saudi Arabia. The research questions addressed participants’ perspectives about the overall value of transition services for students with intellectual disability and the feasibility of using the Taxonomy of Transition Programming 2.0 as a framework for transition programs to increase desirable postschool outcomes. Participants viewed an instructional video about intellectual disability, transition services, and the Taxonomy for Transition Programming. Following systematic qualitative methodology, the researcher used a questionnaire, focus group discussions, diagram analysis, and individual interviews to collect information about participants’ attitudes, perceptions, and suggestions regarding the value of transition services and the feasibility of implementing an adapted taxonomy for transition programming in Saudi Arabia. The data analysis yielded the five following main themes: (a) system structures, (b) beliefs and values, (c) individual characteristics and integration, (d) collaboration, and (e) centrality of the family. The centrality of the family in the lives of persons with intellectual disability in Saudi Arabia consistently emerged across all of the data. Family issues are connected to any effort to implement changes in how persons with intellectual disability are integrated into society, educated, and trained for any attainable work. Needed legislation, efforts to increase awareness, and organizational collaboration should focus on facilitating the changing perspective on the rights and responsibilities of persons with intellectual disability in Saudi Arabia and the fundamental importance of family involvement. The results of this study suggest that any framework for transition programming in Saudi Arabia should engage students, parents, and numerous other stakeholders because it is vital for all groups to learn the legal processes and alternatives for transitioning students with intellectual disability to a successful postschool life. It is important for educational systems and transition services to focus on ensuring that students with intellectual disability are allowed to live (to the degree possible) as autonomous adults and that they receive adequate support.

Corneal ectasias are progressive conditions that impair vision and quality of life. Corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) aims to halt disease progression by strengthening the cornea. This review compares two CXL methods, epithelium-on (epi-on) and epithelium-off (epi-off), to assess their safety and effectiveness for managing corneal ectasia. A systematic search up to July 2024 of PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Central, Google Scholar, and Scopus identified 13 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 872 patients and 1041 eyes. Data were analyzed following PRISMA guidelines using fixed-effects and random-effects models. The primary outcome was the change in maximal keratometry (Kmax) at 12 months, with secondary outcomes including safety profile, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), spherical equivalent (SE), and endothelial cell count (ECC). The findings revealed no statistically significant differences between epithelium-on (epi-on) and epithelium-off (epi-off) CXL in Kmax, BCVA, UCVA, SE, or corneal curvature parameters. However, epithelium-off (epi-off) CXL was associated with less endothelial cell loss and higher rates of side effects, including corneal haze and postoperative discomfort. The choice of treatment should be tailored to individual patient needs, balancing clinical goals and safety considerations. This review highlights the need for further studies to optimize CXL approaches and improve outcomes while minimizing complications.

Introduction: Adult Still’s disease (ASD) is an uncommon inflammatory disorder characterized by fevers, a salmon-colored rash, and arthritis. Cytokines storm syndrome related to Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) usually occur in acute period of COVID-19 and can mimic clinical features of ASD. Case report: We present a case of a 27-year-old male who was hospitalized in July 2020 due to fever, sore throat, multiple joint pain, and body rash for 2 weeks. Patient recovered from COVID-19 8 weeks ago but his nasopharyngeal SARS CoV-2 PCR was still positive on current hospitalization. Post COVID-19 cytokines storm syndrome post COVID-19 was suspected but after further assessment and investigations, diagnosis of ASD was established and patient was treated with corticosteroids therapy and had favorable outcome. Conclusion: During COVID-19 pandemic, diagnosis of many other diseases either were delayed or missed. We encourage all clinicians to have a broader differential diagnosis to improve patient care and outcome.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, imposing significant challenges on healthcare systems. Nurses play a vital role in the prevention, management, and rehabilitation of CVD patients, contributing to improved health outcomes and quality of care.Objective: This systematic review aims to explore the role of nursing in enhancing the care of patients with CVDs, focusing on evidence-based practices, challenges, and strategies for optimizing nursing interventions.Methods: A comprehensive review of recent literature was conducted, analyzing studies that examine nursing contributions to CVD prevention, acute and chronic disease management, and cardiac rehabilitation. The review also assessed the impact of nursing education, technological integration, and patient-centered care approaches on clinical outcomes.Results: The findings reveal that nurse-led interventions, including patient education, lifestyle counseling, telemonitoring, and participation in multidisciplinary teams, significantly improve patient outcomes, reduce hospital readmissions, and enhance adherence to treatment plans. Nurse-managed cardiac rehabilitation programs are associated with reduced mortality and recurrent cardiac events. Despite these contributions, challenges such as resource limitations, high workloads, and training gaps hinder the effectiveness of nursing care.Conclusion: Nurses are integral to the care of CVD patients, offering a wide range of services that improve prevention, management, and recovery. Addressing barriers through policy support, continuous professional education, and integration of innovative technologies is essential for empowering the nursing workforce. Further research is needed to explore the scalability and long-term impact of nursing interventions in diverse and low-resource settings.

(1) Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of Dietary Supplements (DSs) has increased for health promotion purposes. Few data records were found on the safe use of DSs among university students in Saudi Arabia, during COVID-19. This study aimed to assess the perceptions and patterns of DSs during COVID-19 among students at a selected female university. (2) Methods: A descriptive cross-section design was used. A convenient sample of undergraduate students (n = 651) were recruited via email, to fill in an online validated questionnaire: The nutrition and intake of DSs during COVID-19. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. (3) Results: Among the 509 students who did not have chronic diseases, 85% of them had taken DSs. About 35.5% of the students had not changed their dietary habits since the beginning of COVID-19, but 78.6% thought that they needed to improve their immunity by taking DSs. Half of the students 51.2% believed that healthy habits may reduce the chance of being infected with COVID-19. The most used DSs were vitamin C (84.3%), followed by honey (65.3%), and vitamin D (47.7%). At the top of students’ references for DSs was personal judgment or previous knowledge of the benefits (27.3%). (4) Conclusion: The usage and patterns of DSs were impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Taking DSs without a doctor’s prescription may lead to several complications. DSs users should be educated effectively about the proper use of DSs as an external supplementation.

Purpose Coagulation abnormalities are one of the most important complications of severe COVID-19, which might lead to venous thromboembolism (VTE). Hypercoagulability with hyperfibrinogenemia causes large vessel thrombosis and major thromboembolic sequelae. Statins are potentially a potent adjuvant therapy in COVID-19 infection due to their pleiotropic effect. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of statins in reducing the risk of thrombosis among hospitalized critically ill patients with COVID-19. Methods A multicenter, retrospective cohort study of all critically ill adult patients with confirmed COVID-19 admitted to Intensive Care Units (ICUs) between March 1, 2020, and March 31, 2021. Eligible patients were categorized based on their usage of statins throughout their ICU stay and were matched with a propensity score. The primary endpoint was the odds of all cases of thrombosis; other outcomes were considered secondary. Results A total of 1039 patients were eligible; following propensity score matching, 396 patients were included (1:1 ratio). The odds of all thrombosis cases and VTE events did not differ significantly between the two groups (OR 0.84 (95% CI 0.43, 1.66), P = 0.62 and OR 1.13 (95% CI 0.43, 2.98), P = 0.81, respectively. On multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, patients who received statin therapy had lower 30-day (HR 0.72 (95 % CI 0.54, 0.97), P = 0.03) and in-hospital mortality (HR 0.67 (95 % CI 0.51, 0.89), P = 0.007). Other secondary outcomes were not statistically significant between the two groups except for D-dimer levels (peak) during ICU stay. Conclusion The use of statin therapy during ICU stay was not associated with thrombosis reduction in critically ill patients with COVID-19; however, it has been associated with survival benefits.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading causes of death worldwide. Dyslipidemia is a cardiometabolic risk factor of CVD, yet it can be modifiable. Walnuts have been suggested as a dietary intervention to improve the lipid profile. Therefore, we reviewed the literature to assess the evidence linking walnut intake to the improvement of blood lipids, including total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) cholesterol, and triglycerides (TG). PubMed and Embase databases were searched from 2010 up to March 2022. We limited our search to randomized controlled trials conducted on humans and published in English during the specified period. Cochrane’s risk of bias tool for interventional studies was used. A random-effects model was used for the meta-analysis, and weighted mean differences were obtained (WMD) Thirteen trials from the U.S., Europe, and Asia were included. Walnut intake was associated with significant reductions in TC (WMD: −8.58 mg/dL), LDL-C (WMD: −5.68 mg/dL), and TG (WMD: −10.94 mg/dL). Walnut consumption was not associated with HDL-C. Subgroup analysis showed that overweight/obese and those with comorbidities had more lipid improvement. A longer trial duration did result in further improvements. However, our results may be prone to bias due to extraneous confounding factors. Additionally, levels of heterogeneity were considerable for some outcomes of interest. Results from this meta-analysis provide evidence for the health benefits of walnuts on blood lipids. Walnuts possibly reduce the risk of CVD; thus, they can be successfully added to a dietary pattern to enhance health benefits.

Limited evidence is available regarding the safety and effectiveness of early high protein intake in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Therefore, this study aims to assess the safety of early protein advancement during nutritional support in these patients. A multi-center retrospective cohort study included adult critically ill patients with COVID-19 admitted to Intensive Care Units (ICUs) at three centers in Saudi Arabia. Patients were grouped into two groups based on the protein intake at day three of feeding initiation into low protein (≤0.8 mg/kg/day) versus high protein (>0.8 mg/kg/day) groups. Acute kidney injury (AKI) during the ICU stay was the primary endpoint, while the remaining were considered secondary endpoints. The study included 466 patients, but after cardinality matching with a 2:1 ratio, 192 were in the lower protein group compared with 96 patients in the high protein group. The rate of AKI was low in the highprotein group compared with the low protein group on day three of feeding initiation (19.9% versus 12.7%); however, this was not statistically significant (OR 0.54; 95% CI 0.26, 1.33; p=0.2). Additionally, patients in the high protein group had a higher rate of atrial fibrillation than those in the low protein group (OR 2.33; 95% CI 1.18, 4.62; p=0.02). No differences were observed in 30-day and in-hospital mortality (HR1.33, 95% CI 0.91, 1.96; p=0.14 and HR 1.21, 95% CI: 0.85, 1.72; p=0.29, respectively). The advancement of protein in critically ill patients with COVID-19 was not associated with significant differences in the incidence of AKI. In contrast, the early advancement of protein in nutritional feeding within the first three days was associated with a higher incidence of atrial fibrillation.