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The quality of tahena from sesame seeds and its blended with 10 % flax seeds were evaluated for chemical composition, physical properties, anti nutrional factors and sensory evaluation. The results showed that the moisture, protein, fat, fiber, ash, carbohydrates and energy value contents of flax seeds as dry weight (DW) were 6.50, 24.40, 35.12, 3.15, 2.63, 28.20 % and 526 Kcal/100g, respectively. The moisture, protein, fat, ash, fiber, carbohydrates and energy value contents of sesame seeds as DW were 5.60, 22.60, 50.14, 4.60, 4.81, 12.25 % and 590.66 Kcal/ 100g, respectively. The highest significant (P ≤ 0.05) content of tannins, phytates and oxalate were recorded for sesame seeds with significant differences while the lowest contents were recorded for the flax seeds. At zero time of storage period, the highest moisture, fat and energy value content and lowest values for protein, ash, fiber and carbohydrates were recorded for the control tahena (i.e. sesame seeds). With progress of storage period up to 3 months, the highest moisture, protein, ash, fiber and carbohydrates content were recorded for tahena made with 10 mg/kg flax seeds. While, the lowest values recorded for control tahena. The highest acid value, free fatty acid, peroxide value and iodine number recorded for control tahena with no significant differences. The highest saponification value, refractive index and polyphenols recorded for tahena blended with 10 % sesame seeds with significant differences. At zero time of cold storage at 5°C all organoleptic properties (color, flavor, taste, texture, appearance, mouth feeling, and overall acceptability) recorded the highest organoleptic score (9), while, at the end of storage period (4 weeks) a markedly reduction in all organoleptic properties were observed.

The liver is the primary organ in the body for intense metabolism and excretion. Liver disease can be brought on by a variety of substances and medications that are frequently used in daily life. Therefore, this study evaluated the impact of rhubarb ethanolic extract (REE) against hepatotoxicity induced by paracetamol in male albino rats and its potential effect on the human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cell line in vitro. In this respect, thirty male adult albino rats weighing (160±8.65g) were separated into 5 groups (6 rats per group) and fed on a basal diet. Group 1 (ve-): kept as normal group. Group 2 (ve+): paracetamol hepatotoxicity rats as model group. Group 3, 4, and 5: paracetamol hepatotoxicity rats and treated with REE (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg b.wt) daily oral dose throughout the experiment period. For inducing paracetamol hepatotoxicity, the rats were given 1.5 mL of 500 mg/kg paracetamol orally by gavages. After completing 28 days, all animals were sacrificed; blood samples were collected and subjected to biochemical analysis. Paracetamol toxicity has been associated with various health hazards that result in a variety of body disorders, such as defects in biological parameters, oxidative stress, immune disorders, excessive biochemical disturbances of liver enzymes, and some renal functions. While REE (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg b.wt.) intervention improved biological parameters (body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), and feed efficacy ratio (FER), it reduced the oxidative stress significantly (p ≤ 0.05) by increasing glutathione (GSH) level. superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA) level, improving immunomodulation activities (IgM, NO, and lysozyme), and significantly (p ≤ 0.05) enhancing some kidney functions (urea, creatinine, and uric acid). REE reversed liver enzymes, especially at higher dose (150 mg/kg b.wt.), as evidenced by decreasing AST (38.48%), ALT (60.7%), and ALP (56.14%) compared to the model group. It is interesting that the administration of REE at doses of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg b.wt. showed a significant (p ≤ 0.05) reduction in these toxic effects in a dose-dependent manner; REE at a dose of 150 mg/kg b.wt. showed the greatest results. While investigating the human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cell line, REE demonstrated apoptotic activity on human cancer liver cells, perhaps because of the intrinsic anticancer properties. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) -value in HepG2 for REE was 222 µg/mL. These findings suggested that REE has great potential for the development of healthy diets that treat paracetamol overdose and toxicity. As well as providing a direction to isolate possible anti-cancer compounds in REE for hepatocellular carcinoma. Pending more studies to discover the underlying mechanism, especially under clinical trials.

The present study was aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic effect of different concentrations of guava leaves powder (GLP), chamomile flowers powder (CFP) and their mixture (Mix) against CCl4 - induced liver toxicity in rats. Forty male albino rats weighting (150±10 g) were allocated in two main groups, the first group (n=5): Fed on basal diet and kept as a negative control group. The second main group (hepatic rats): All rats (n=35) were injected by CCl4 to induce hepatotoxicity. After induction, rats were allocated in 7 groups as following: Group 2: Fed on basal diet (positive control group). Groups 3 and 4: Fed on basal diet +2 and 4% CFP, respectively. Groups 5 and 6: Fed on basal diet +2 and 4% GLP, respectively. Finally, groups 7 and 8: Fed on basal diet +2 and 4% Mix, respectively. The experiment lasted for 28 days. The results indicated that the best values were recorded in group eight (4% Mix) with percent of change 32.00 & 48.97 for ALT& AST, respectively, and 49.51, 47.63 and 59.40 for urea, uric acid, and creatine, respectively. Therefore, this study recommended the combination of GLP and CFP to provide more effective results in the treatment of liver toxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride.

The present study was conducted to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of chia, sunflower seeds, and their mixture (CS, SFS and Mix) as rich sources of ALA in different concentrations (2.5 and 5%) on rats fed high fat diet. Forty-eight female albino rats weighting (150 ± 10g) were divided in eight equal groups (n= 6), the first group: Fed on basal diet. All remaining rats (n= 42) fed on high fat diet (HFD) and classified into the follow Group 2: positive control group. Groups 3 and 4: Fed on HFD +2.5 and 5% CS, respectively. Groups 5 and 6: Fed on HFD + SFS, respectively. Finally, groups 7 and 8: Fed on HFD +2.5 and 5%Mix, respectively. The experiment lasted for 28 days. The best results for liver enzymes were recorded in group four (5% CS) with percent of change 40.00, 48.75 and 22.96 for GPT, GOT and ALP, respectively. While, the best values of LDLc, serum glucose level and kidney function were recorded in group eight (5% Mix) where there was a significant reduction p ≤0.05 with percent of change 60.00 and 51.7% for LDLc and serum glucose level & 61.76 and 52.00% for urea and creatinine. In conclusion, this study recommended the incorporation of CS and SFS as functional foods in diet daily routine to provide more effective health benefits.

The purpose of this study was to assess the therapeutic effect on rats of passion fruit juice (Passiflora edulis) as a natural anti-acidity agent. Some physicochemical such as pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solid, vitamin C, total phenols total flavonoids, antioxidant activity were determined. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were split into five groups at random (6 rats each). The first group was the negative control fed on basal diet, the other groups were fed to induce acidity for four weeks on high white bread powder (15 % of diet), then divided into four groups, positive control group and three curative groups orally given passion fruit juice 2%, 4% and 6% juice/Kg/bwt/rats during the experimental period, respectively (8 weeks). The findings showed that the passion juice is a rich source acidity being 3.65, vitamin C 33.70 mg/100g and high amounts of natural antioxidants. The therapeutic groups also showed a substantial increase in body weight gain, feed efficiency ratio, blood pH, bicarbonate, calcium, phosphorus and total antioxidant capacity, while showing a significant decrease in feed consumption, stomach pH, TNF-a and total oxidant capacity compared to the untreated community (+ve). This research concluded that it has a positive effect on acidity in rats using passion fruit juice.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most serious diseases that affect human health; DM is predicted to be the seventh leading cause of death by 2030 in the world. Diabetes particularly Type 2 is characterized by persistent production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and generation of oxidative stress. Natural antioxidants have shown improving in treatment of diabetes. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant activity of beetroot powder (BP) in different concentrations on alloxan - induced diabetic rats. Thirty adult male albino rats weighting (160±10) were divided into 5 equal groups of 6 animals each, one was kept as a control -Ve group, while the other 4 groups were treated with alloxan (150 mg/kg body weight) to induce diabetes mellitus. Group (2) were left as a control +Ve (diabetic rats) fed on normal diet at all experiment period (28 days), group 3,4 and 5 diabetic rats treated with 2%, 4% and 8% of beetroot powder, respectively. Liver enzymes activities, lipid profiles, antioxidant enzymes and glucose level in serum were examined. Significant increased in antioxidant enzymes activities of groups treated with beetroot powder in different concentrations. Treatment with BP with different concentration resulted in decreasing the rise of mean serum liver enzymes activities and prevented the rise of mean glucose concentrations in diabetic groups. On conclusion, the present study demonstrated the daily consumption of beetroot powder with meals could be potentially useful in improving hyperglycemia and diabetic complications.

Dill and fennel seeds are herbal plants cultivated in various regions worldwide; they have many therapeutic effects such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-hyperlipidemia and antidiabetic. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the effect of fennel and dill seeds powder on serum lipid profile of rats feeding high fat diet. Forty adult male albino rats weighting (200 ±7g) were divided into eight equal groups of 5 animals each, one was kept as a control (-Ve) group, while the other 7 groups were fed on high fat diet (HFD), group (2) were left as a control (+Ve) fed on HFD only all experiment period (28 days), groups (3,4) fed on HFD+ 2.5% and 5% of dill seeds, respectively, while groups (5,6) fed on HFD+ 2.5% and 5% of fennel seeds, respectively, the last groups (7,8) fed on dill and fennel seeds mix (50/50 w/w) with 2.5% and 5%, respectively. At the end of experiment serum glucose level, liver enzymes activities, kidney functions and lipid profile were examined. The results indicated that the increase of fennel seeds or dill seeds concentration resulted in reduction of serum glucose level and significant (p≤0.05) decreased serum very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride and cholesterol. Also, the results revealed that fennel seeds have a better effect than dill seeds on high density lipoprotein (HDL) level. Treatment with fennel seeds or dill seeds at different levels caused significant (p≤0.05) decreased uric acid, creatinine and urea levels compared to positive control group. The results also revealed there no significant differences between the groups in albumin level. There was a significant (p≤0.05) decrease in the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) of fennel seeds and dill seeds groups compared to positive control group. Therefore, the present study concluded that fennel and dill seeds powder could be used into daily foods and beverages as hypo-lipidemic herbs.

This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of dried artichoke leaves powder in different concentration (2.5, 5 and 10%) against peptic ulcer induced by ethyl alcohol in adult male albino rats and its application in bakery products. Thirty rats were divided into two main groups: The first main group (n= 6): rats, were fed on the basal diet only as control negative (Normal animals). The second main group (n= 24): gastric ulcer rats were divided randomly into 4 subgroups(n= 6) according to the following: Group 1: rats fed basal diet as the positive control, from second to forth groups rats were fed on basal diet supplemented with different concentration of dried artichoke leaves powder (2.5,5 and 10%) respectively. At the last day of experimental period (28th day), after fasting for 24 h ,all groups of rats except the negative control group were received a single orally dose of ethyl alcohol at 10 ml/kg of body weight to induce gastric ulceration for 2h. Gastric juice was collected for studying gastric secretion parameters. Also, antioxidants statue was determined. The results showed that dried artichoke leaves powder possesses a protective activity against peptic ulcer in adult rats which induced by ethyl alcohol and can be recommended for food technologies.

The current era is characterized by the rapidly increasing use of computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems in the medical field. These systems need a variety of datasets to help develop, evaluate, and compare their performances fairly. Physicians indicated that breast anatomy, especially dense ones, and the probability of breast cancer and tumor development, vary highly depending on race. Researchers reported that breast cancer risk factors are related to culture and society. Thus, there is a massive need for a local dataset representing breast cancer in our region to help develop and evaluate automatic breast cancer CAD systems. This paper presents a public mammogram dataset called King Abdulaziz University Breast Cancer Mammogram Dataset (KAU-BCMD) version 1. To our knowledge, KAU-BCMD is the first dataset in Saudi Arabia that deals with a large number of mammogram scans. The dataset was collected from the Sheikh Mohammed Hussein Al-Amoudi Center of Excellence in Breast Cancer at King Abdulaziz University. It contains 1416 cases. Each case has two views for both the right and left breasts, resulting in 5662 images based on the breast imaging reporting and data system. It also contains 205 ultrasound cases corresponding to a part of the mammogram cases, with 405 images as a total. The dataset was annotated and reviewed by three different radiologists. Our dataset is a promising dataset that contains different imaging modalities for breast cancer with different cancer grades for Saudi women.

Background: Previous research suggested that the ratio of triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) could be a straightforward clinical diagnostic of insulin resistance (IR), but the findings showed that there were differences between different ethnic groups. Objective: This study aimed to determine an optimal cut off point of TG/HDL-C ratio for IR among premenopausal obese women. Methods: A total of 220 blood samples of premenopausal obese women were analysed for fasting glucose, lipids and insulin. They were divided into an insulin resistance (IR) group and a non-insulin resistance group, using homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted to evaluate the ability of the developed clinical prediction rule to correctly discriminate between subjects of insulin resistance (IR) positive and insulin resistance negative groups. Results: The optimal cut off point of triglycerides to HDL-C ratio with was 3.39, with a sensitivity of 88.89% and specificity of 76.27% (AUC =0.854) which was significant, with a p-value lower than 0.001. Conclusion: Triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio could be used as a reliable marker for insulin resistance among premenopausal obese women.