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The phenomenon of burnout and the lifestyle of physicians significantly influence the delivery of healthcare. Over time, burnout intensifies, negatively impacting professional performance, which in turn leads to decreased quality of treatment, patient satisfaction, and productivity. Additionally, it increases the occurrence of medical mistakes and turnover among physicians. In addition to the direct influence of lifestyle on those components. The purpose of this study is to assess burnout syndrome among Egyptian physicians, as well as to investigate factors that contribute to burnout, especially demographic characteristics, lifestyle patterns, and health habits. A cross-sectional study examined burnout prevalence and determinants among 502 Egyptian physicians in different governorates. An electronic questionnaire was used to collect data for the study. Questionnaire covered socio-demographics, The abbreviated Maslach Burnout Inventory (aMBI), and The Health Lifestyle and Personal Control Questionnaire (HLPCQ). Younger physicians under 30 showed higher burnout on emotional exhaustion and depersonalization scales, with significant findings (P = 0.047), (P <  0.01) respectively. Male physicians showed stronger depersonalization than females (P <  0.01). Burnout was higher among residents and fellowship trainees, with significant differences in depersonalization (P = 0.021). PhDs showed decreased burnout with significant outcomes (P = 0.002). Longer-working doctors had increased burnout in depersonalization (P = 0.005). Single doctors were more depersonalized than married ones (P = 0.025). Depersonalization was higher in childless people (P = 0.002). However, non-chronic illness physicians were more emotionally exhausted (P = 0.042). These findings highlight the intricate relationship between burnout and lifestyle among physicians. A healthy lifestyle, including diet, routines, social support, and physical activity was linked to reduced burnout, while dietary harm avoidance was negatively correlated. This suggests opportunities to enhance the well-being of medical professionals through lifestyle interventions.

Background and Objectives: Mortality and illness due to COVID-19 have been linked to a condition known as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) that is characterized by excessive production of inflammatory cytokines, particularly interleukin-6 (IL-6). Tocilizumab (TCZ), a recent IL-6 antagonist, has been redeployed as adjunctive treatment for CRS remission in COVID-19 patients. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of Tocilizumab on patients’ survival and the length of stay in hospitalized COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Methods: Between January 2021 and June 2021, a multicenter retrospective cohort study was carried out in six tertiary care hospitals in Egypt’s governorate of Giza. Based on the use of TCZ during ICU stay, eligible patients were divided into two groups (control vs. TCZ). In-hospital mortality was the main outcome. Results: A total of 740 patient data records were included in the analysis, where 630 patients followed the routine COVID-19 protocol, while 110 patients received TCZ, need to different respiratory support after hospitalization, and inflammatory mediators such as C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) showed a statistically significant difference between the TCZ group and the control group. Regarding the primary outcome (discharged alive or death) and neither the secondary outcome (length of hospital stay), there is no statistically significant difference between patients treated with TCZ and the control group. Conclusions: Our cohort of patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 did not assert a reduction in the risk of mortality or the length of stay (LOS) after TCZ administration.

BackgroundOne of the most frequent conditions facing the neonatologists daily is the neonatal jaundice. About 60% of term and 80% of preterm infants develop jaundice early in the first seven days of their lives. Phototherapy is considered one of the cornerstones of the of hyperbilirubinemia management. It represents a significant role in the prevention and treatment of hyperbilirubinemia; however, it is not a harmless intervention. Side effects of neonatal phototherapy are not serious and seems to be well controlled. The short-term side effects of phototherapy may include imbalance of thermal environment and water loss, electrolyte disturbance, bronze baby syndrome and circadian rhythm disorder and others.ObjectivesTo determine the risk factors of phototherapy induced short term side effects among icteric full term and preterm neonates.To study frequency of phototherapy induced short term side effects in neonates with jaundice after 48 hours of continuous, double surface phototherapy or at the end of phototherapy, in case duration of phototherapy is less than 48 hours.MethodsThis study was hospital based prospective study and was conducted on 115 babies in their first week of life admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at governmental hospital (Om-Elmasreen general hospital in Giza governorate) with the diagnosis of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia to receive phototherapy for 48 hours at least, in eight months period.All children were subjected to History taking for the mother and fetus, Clinical examination, CBC differential leucocytic count, Reticulocyte count, at initiation and after 48 hours of phototherapy, CRP, Plasma bilirubin level, at initiation and after 48 hours of phototherapy, Serum calcium level, at initiation and after 48 hours of phototherapy.Statistical analysis were done using SPSS version 21, using mostly Chi-square test and t-test.ResultsForty-nine babies were found to have clinically detected phototherapy induced short-term side effects such as dehydration, diarrhea, hyperthermia, skin rash, abdominal distention, disturbance of the circadian rhythm. Laboratory changes were found such as hypocalcaemia, rising in Retics Rising in Platelet count rising in TLC. Many risk factors found to be significantly related to phototherapy induced short-term side effects; prematurity, mother illness in general during pregnancy, mother history of anemia, mother history of oligohydraminous, taking dexamethasone, delivery by caesarian section, physiologic skin desquamation.There is a significant difference in the occurrence of overall clinically observed side effect between full term and preterm babies. Side effects occurred in (72.0%) of preterm babies in comparison to (34.4%) of full-term babies with p-value 0.001 (p<0.05).There is a significant difference in between babies with hypocalcemia and babies without as regard gestational age, body weight on admission, body weight after phototherapy, head circumference, abdominal circumference on admission, abdominal circumference after phototherapy, heart rate after phototherapy. The lesser the gestational age, body weight on admission, head circumference, abdominal circumference on admission, abdominal circumference after phototherapy, the more the liability of occurrence of hypocalcemia.ConclusionsFrom this study, it could be concluded that phototherapy seems to have a clinically detected short-term side effect like dehydration, diarrhea, hyperthermia, skin rash, abdominal distention, disturbance of the circadian rhythm with jitteriness and laboratory detected short-term side effect like decline in serum calcium level, rising in Retics Count, rising in Platelet count, rising in TLC. However, it does not seem to have a deleterious effect on the babies and mostly these side effects disappear soon after stoppage of phototherapy.Many risk factors may be related to overall occurrence of these side effects such as baby immaturity, Mother illness in general,during pregnancy, history of anemia during pregnancy, mother history of oligohydramnios and delivery by caesarian section.

Maternal knowledge regarding the neonatal danger signs (NDSs) plays a fundamental role in early detecting neonatal health conditions, decreasing untreated symptoms, and improving optimal infant development. This study aimed to determine the level of maternal knowledge about NDSs and identify associated socio-demographic factors among Egyptian mothers. A cross-sectional study was conducted in healthcare facilities through face-to-face interviews from January to March 2025. We included mothers older than 18 years with infants aged 1–24 months. Mothers were recruited through a multistage stratified sampling technique from nine Egyptian governments selected from all Egyptian geographical sectors. The Arabic Questionnaire to assess the Knowledge of Neonatal Danger Signs (AQ-KNDS) was used for assessing maternal knowledge with a score ranged from 1 to 16. Multiple linear regression model identified predictors of knowledge score. Of 1831 participating mothers representing 96.3% response rate, 31% were under 25, 97.3% were married, and 58.7% were living in urban areas. The median score of maternal knowledge was 14.0 (IQR: 13.0–16.0). 75.8% of mothers scored above 75.0%. Beheira governorate had the highest median knowledge score while New Valley had the lowest (15.0 (13.3–16.0) vs. 13.0 (12.0–14.0), P  < 0.001). Higher-educated mothers had a significantly higher knowledge scores compared to lower education (median (IQR) 15.0 (13.0–16.0) vs. 14.0 (13.0–16.0), P  = 0.006). The multivariable linear regression model predicted the higher knowledge score was due to living in rural areas ( β = 0.44; 95% CI 0.23–0.66); P  = 0.001), attending antenatal follow-ups ( β = 0.53; 95%CI 0.30–0.76; P  = 0.001), and seeking information from healthcare providers (β = 0.93; 95%CI 0.60–1.25; P  = 0.001). These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted educational campaigns, particularly in underserved and remote areas. Strengthening antenatal services and leveraging trusted information sources could enhance early recognition of danger signs and timely medical intervention, ultimately contributing to reduced neonatal mortality rates in Egypt.

Background Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) in children is frequently associated with sleep disorders. The prevalence of these disorders varies by region attributable to variations in co-sleeping customs, nocturnal rituals, and environmental influences. This study aims to assess sleep problems and their related characteristics among children diagnosed with T1DM in the Upper Egypt region. This cross-sectional study involved 118 children with T1DM, aged 6 to 12 years. The outcomes from the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire-Abbreviated (CSHQ-A) were utilized to categorize the subjects into two groups: the first group comprised individuals with sleep problems ( N  = 70), and the second group included individuals with non-sleep problems ( N  = 48). All participants were evaluated using the Socioeconomic Scale, the Clinical Evaluation of Emotional Regulation–9 (CEER-9), the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, and the Children’s Alexithymia Measure (CAM). Results Sleep problems were prevalent in 59.3% of participants. Children with sleep problems had elevated rates of overweight/obesity, ocular problems increased medication usage, exercise difficulties, diminished quality of life, higher mean scores on the emotional regulation scale, and greater levels of alexithymia as compared to those without sleep disorders. The prevalence of conduct and hyperactivity problems was greater in children with sleep problems compared to those without sleep problems. Regression analysis revealed that increased BMI, presence of ocular issues, higher alexithymia scores, and poor quality of life were associated with a greater likelihood of experiencing sleep problems. Conclusions Nearly two-thirds of children with T1DM in Upper Egypt experienced sleep problems. These issues were associated with higher BMI, ocular problems, elevated alexithymia scores, and poorer quality of life.

AimIn recent years, the mental health requirements of healthcare professionals have drawn attention as a significant public health issue and a danger to the provision of high-quality care. Healthcare workers are subjected to multiple stressors at work, which may negatively affect their physical, mental, and emotional health. This study aims to assess the prevalence of depression and fatigue among Egyptian healthcare workers (HCWs) and to assess factors associated with depression and fatigue.Subject and methodsThis cross-sectional survey used Google Form to build online questionnaires, including sociodemographic data, a 10-question fatigue assessment scale, and a depression assessment scale (PHQ-9 questionnaire). The study was conducted post-COVID-19 from November 28, 2022, to January 28, 2023.ResultsThe study involved 1511 Egyptian HCWs with a mean age of 37.4±7.7 years (range 26-71 years); 73% were female. Physicians constituted 77.8% of the participants. Mild depression was found in 26.1% of the participants, 26.8% reported moderate, and 43.1% had severe depressive symptoms. Fatigue symptoms were encountered in 88.7%. The independent factors affecting depression were female gender, single, living in a rural area, having a chronic disease, working > 8 h/day, being a public hospital worker, and studying for postgraduate degrees. Age of 35 years or younger, female gender, and studying for postgraduates were found to independently affect fatigue.ConclusionDepression and fatigue are highly prevalent among Egyptian healthcare workers. Many factors related to the prevalence of depression and fatigue need to be considered to enhance the mental well-being of HCWs.

Background: Bronchial asthma is one of the most ordinary chronic chest troubles that are the most common cause of chronic illness in children and impaired cognition, language disorders, sleep disturbances, behavior, and learning of children. Aims: The current study aimed to determine the percentage of delayed language development among asthmatic Egyptian children aged (2- 5) years old. Materials& Methods: This study was done between February 2018 and January 2020 at Al- Tahrir public hospital, Giza governorate. Three hundred and sixty sex asthmatic children were conducted in this cross- sectional study; their ages ranged from (2- 5) years. Modified preschool language scale- four (Arabic edition) was applied to diagnose delayed language development (DLD). After that, the studied group was classified into group1: Three hundred asthmatic children with typical language acquisition, group2: 66 asthmatic children with abnormal language acquisition DLD. Results: Eighteen percent of the studied group (66 children) had DLD. Sex, Body Mass Index (BMI, consanguinity, and different medical treatments showed non- significant correlations between both groups. Children with moderate persistent asthma and mild persistent asthma represents (21.2%) and (16.7%) consecutively from total number of group 2 in comparison to (19.3%) and (6%) consecutively in the same asthma categories in group 1 with a P- value of0.018. Household Education is noticed in (33.3%) of group 2 in comparison to (19.7%) in group1 with a Pvalue of 0.048. Positive prenatal/ postnatal history was positive in (19.7%) of children with DLD in comparison to (10%) in the other group with a P- value= 0.027. Difficult toilet training detected in (25.8%) of group 2 in comparison to (15.3%) of group 1 with a P- value of0.004. Family history of asthma was found to be more prevalent in group 2 (42.4%) in comparison to (20.6%) in group 1 with a P- value of (P< 0.001). Conclusion: Asthmatic children (2- 5) years having a high risk for delayed language development.