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Background Cultivated hexaploid oat (Common oat; Avena sativa ) has held a significant place within the global crop community for centuries; although its cultivation has decreased over the past century, its nutritional benefits have garnered increased interest for human consumption. We report the development of fully annotated, chromosome-scale assemblies for the extant progenitor species of the A s - and C p -subgenomes, Avena atlantica and Avena eriantha respectively. The diploid Avena species serve as important genetic resources for improving common oat’s adaptive and food quality characteristics. Results The A. atlantica and A. eriantha genome assemblies span 3.69 and 3.78 Gb with an N50 of 513 and 535 Mb, respectively. Annotation of the genomes, using sequenced transcriptomes, identified ~ 50,000 gene models in each species—including 2965 resistance gene analogs across both species. Analysis of these assemblies classified much of each genome as repetitive sequence (~ 83%), including species-specific, centromeric-specific, and telomeric-specific repeats. LTR retrotransposons make up most of the classified elements. Genome-wide syntenic comparisons with other members of the Pooideae revealed orthologous relationships, while comparisons with genetic maps from common oat clarified subgenome origins for each of the 21 hexaploid linkage groups. The utility of the diploid genomes was demonstrated by identifying putative candidate genes for flowering time (HD3A) and crown rust resistance ( Pc 91). We also investigate the phylogenetic relationships among other A- and C-genome Avena species. Conclusions The genomes we report here are the first chromosome-scale assemblies for the tribe Poeae, subtribe Aveninae. Our analyses provide important insight into the evolution and complexity of common hexaploid oat, including subgenome origin, homoeologous relationships, and major intra- and intergenomic rearrangements. They also provide the annotation framework needed to accelerate gene discovery and plant breeding.

This collection centers on the remarkable life and career of the writer and actor Elizabeth Inchbald (1753–1821), active in Great Britain in the late eighteenth century. Inspired by the example of Inchbald’s biographer, Annibel Jenkins (1918–2013), the contributors explore the broad historical and cultural context around Inchbald’s life and work, with essays ranging from the Restoration to the nineteenth century. Ranging from visual culture, theater history, literary analyses and to historical investigations, the essays not only present a fuller picture of cultural life in Great Britain in the long eighteenth century, but also reflect a range of disciplinary perspectives. The collection concludes with the final scholarly presentation of the late Professor Jenkins, a study of the eighteenth-century English newspaper The World (1753-1756). 

BAGHDAD, Iraq -- A suicide car bomber Tuesday attacked a police headquarters in Basra, killing at least three police officers, wounding 20 people and raising fears about security in the oil-rich southern city now that British forces have withdrawn. It was the second major suicide attack to kill Iraqi police in as many days. The police chief of Baqouba was among at least 24 people killed when a suicide bomber attacked a Sunni-Shiite reconciliation meeting late Monday. An al-Qaeda front group on Tuesday claimed responsibility for that attack. Baqouba is 35 miles northeast of Baghdad.

We, as a colour party have marched with their pipes and drums for many years and have won many trophies with them in the past. Being as it was Belleville Waterfront Festival, it was only fitting that when we led the parade that they should have been behind us, not the Trenton Air Force Band.

Neither mentions, though, that when the death penalty was abolished, against the wishes of a huge majority of Canadians, it was promised that life imprisonment would be a substitute. Canadians are nothing if not reasonable, and quietly accepted this more \"humane\" alternative.

May I point out the most serious danger associated with tolerance. We are pushed constantly to enshrine into law the extremes of the pendulum as it swings back and forth from bigotry on the extreme right to tolerance on the extreme left.

In discussing the Lord Durham Report on establishing responsible government among the British colonies in Eastern Canada, which recommended the assimilation of French-speaking colonists and which was firmly rejected by Britain, Professor Barry Cooper makes the astounding statement: \"Regardless of whether British policy was inspired...

This chapter overviews the theoretical bases for research self-regulation among students with Learning Disabilities (LDs) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Self-regulation or self-control processes are used in creating new learning as well as in moving information from working memory to long-term memory. A number of self-regulation processes or strategies can be effectively taught to students with deficiencies or difficulties in self-regulation to aid in their development of these capabilities. These include self-monitoring, self-evaluation, self-instruction, goal-setting, and self-reinforcement. Effective learners are goal-oriented, and goal-setting is viewed as an important aspect of self-regulation. Goals serve important functions for learners. Goal-setting often involves a self-judgment process that entails comparing current performance with a goal. For goal-setting to affect behavior, goals must be valued. On-task behavior is the most studied outcome in self-regulation interventions by a wide margin. Children with LDs and ADHD often exhibit problem behavior in the classroom. This may take the form of inappropriate verbalizations, impulsive or inappropriate behaviors, or excessive motor activity.

Extensive genomic characterization of human cancers presents the problem of inference from genomic abnormalities to cancer phenotypes. To address this problem, we analysed proteomes of colon and rectal tumours characterized previously by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and perform integrated proteogenomic analyses. Somatic variants displayed reduced protein abundance compared to germline variants. Messenger RNA transcript abundance did not reliably predict protein abundance differences between tumours. Proteomics identified five proteomic subtypes in the TCGA cohort, two of which overlapped with the TCGA ‘microsatellite instability/CpG island methylation phenotype’ transcriptomic subtype, but had distinct mutation, methylation and protein expression patterns associated with different clinical outcomes. Although copy number alterations showed strong cis - and trans -effects on mRNA abundance, relatively few of these extend to the protein level. Thus, proteomics data enabled prioritization of candidate driver genes. The chromosome 20q amplicon was associated with the largest global changes at both mRNA and protein levels; proteomics data highlighted potential 20q candidates, including HNF4A (hepatocyte nuclear factor 4, alpha), TOMM34 (translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 34) and SRC (SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase). Integrated proteogenomic analysis provides functional context to interpret genomic abnormalities and affords a new paradigm for understanding cancer biology. Proteome analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) colorectal cancer specimens reveals that DNA- or RNA-level measurements cannot reliably predict protein abundance, colorectal tumours can be separated into distinct proteotypes, and that copy number alterations drive mRNA abundance changes but few extend to protein-level changes. Proteomics/genomics of colorectal tumours A team from the Clinical Proteomics Tumor Analysis Consortium has now analysed the proteomes of 95 colon and rectal tumours previously characterized by the Cancer Genome Atlas project. Integration of the proteomics with the original genomic data demonstrates that protein abundance cannot be reliably predicted from DNA- or RNA-level measurements, and that mRNA and protein levels are modestly correlated. Proteomics identified five colorectal cancer subtypes that reflect known biological characteristics, yet capture differences that are not evident at the transcriptome level. Integrated proteogenomic analysis of this type can provide functional context to interpret genomic abnormalities in terms of cancer biology.

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the effectiveness of tai chi interventions compared with aerobic exercise, a current core standard treatment in patients with fibromyalgia, and to test whether the effectiveness of tai chi depends on its dosage or duration.DesignProspective, randomized, 52 week, single blind comparative effectiveness trial.SettingUrban tertiary care academic hospital in the United States between March 2012 and September 2016.Participants226 adults with fibromyalgia (as defined by the American College of Rheumatology 1990 and 2010 criteria) were included in the intention to treat analyses: 151 were assigned to one of four tai chi groups and 75 to an aerobic exercise group.InterventionsParticipants were randomly assigned to either supervised aerobic exercise (24 weeks, twice weekly) or one of four classic Yang style supervised tai chi interventions (12 or 24 weeks, once or twice weekly). Participants were followed for 52 weeks. Adherence was rigorously encouraged in person and by telephone.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was change in the revised fibromyalgia impact questionnaire (FIQR) scores at 24 weeks compared with baseline. Secondary outcomes included changes of scores in patient’s global assessment, anxiety, depression, self efficacy, coping strategies, physical functional performance, functional limitation, sleep, and health related quality of life.ResultsFIQR scores improved in all five treatment groups, but the combined tai chi groups improved statistically significantly more than the aerobic exercise group in FIQR scores at 24 weeks (difference between groups=5.5 points, 95% confidence interval 0.6 to 10.4, P=0.03) and several secondary outcomes (patient’s global assessment=0.9 points, 0.3 to 1.4, P=0.005; anxiety=1.2 points, 0.3 to 2.1, P=0.006; self efficacy=1.0 points, 0.5 to 1.6, P=0.0004; and coping strategies, 2.6 points, 0.8 to 4.3, P=0.005). Tai chi treatment compared with aerobic exercise administered with the same intensity and duration (24 weeks, twice weekly) had greater benefit (between group difference in FIQR scores=16.2 points, 8.7 to 23.6, P<0.001). The groups who received tai chi for 24 weeks showed greater improvements than those who received it for 12 weeks (difference in FIQR scores=9.6 points, 2.6 to 16.6, P=0.007). There was no significant increase in benefit for groups who received tai chi twice weekly compared with once weekly. Participants attended the tai chi training sessions more often than participants attended aerobic exercise. The effects of tai chi were consistent across all instructors. No serious adverse events related to the interventions were reported.ConclusionTai chi mind-body treatment results in similar or greater improvement in symptoms than aerobic exercise, the current most commonly prescribed non-drug treatment, for a variety of outcomes for patients with fibromyalgia. Longer duration of tai chi showed greater improvement. This mind-body approach may be considered a therapeutic option in the multidisciplinary management of fibromyalgia.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT01420640.