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Background: Oral health during adolescence is a key determinant of long-term well-being and health equity. Despite widespread recognition of its importance, disparities in knowledge, motivation, and access to care persist. This study was conducted in Salt (Catalonia, Spain), a municipality with a population of approximately 33,000, characterized by a low average household disposable income (€12,512 per capita) and a high proportion of immigrant residents (37.76%). These sociodemographic characteristics may influence adolescents’ oral health behaviour, perceptions, and access to dental care. The study aimed to explore adolescents’ knowledge, habits, and attitudes towards oral health in this context, with barriers and protective factors, to inform community-based health promotion strategies. Methods: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted using focus group discussions with Spanish adolescents aged between 12 and 16, following ethical approval and informed consent from legal guardians. Data were systematically analysed using thematic analysis. Results: The adolescents had moderate oral health literacy, with basic knowledge of dental caries and prevention, but notable gaps in their knowledge regarding systemic consequences and complementary resources. Oral health behaviours and practices were shaped by social, economic, and normative influences, while parental involvement, community support, and school-based initiatives emerged as key assets for the promotion of oral health. Conclusions: While adolescents in Salt show awareness of oral hygiene, structural, motivational, and informational barriers limit comprehensive oral health practices. Interventions should move beyond knowledge-based education towards culturally adapted, participatory, and asset-based approaches to promote sustainable improvements in adolescent oral health.

Service learning is a teaching methodology that combines learning and service to the community in the same well-articulated project, where the participants are trained to improve and work on the real needs of the environment. This paper aimed to explore learning about healthy habits and standards of nursing professional practice through a service learning activity between nursing students and high school students. Data of participants (N = 127 high school students and N = 12 nursing students) were collected by the high school students’ healthy habits mind map and with the help of the nursing students’ reflective journals. A generic qualitative design using content analysis was performed. After the activity, high school students identified which habits they should improve, such as diet, physical activity, resting time, and emotional health. By performing the activity, nursing students increased their knowledge about health habits, as well as their communication skills, confidence in public speaking, and awareness about community nurses’ tasks. Service learning activity on health habits conducted by nursing students in a high school has a positive effect on the knowledge of healthy habits for both participants, nursing and high school students. Participating in an activity of service learning improves communication skills among first-year nursing students and narrows the gap between university theory and nursing practice.

Background Most gay men experience difficulty in coming to terms with their sexual orientation, with their health, wellbeing, and quality of life potentially affected by unpleasant experiences often associated with the formation of their gay identity. It is therefore important for nurses to understand the needs of gay men so that they can accompany them and provide quality care during and after the identity formation process. Objective The aim of the study was to explore and describe the identity formation and coming out experiences of gay men. Methods A qualitative design with a constructivist naturalist approach was used. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with five gay men with experience of the gay identity formation process, and data were analyzed using a thematic analysis method. Results The results show that the men needed support, as they reported feeling different and alone during the identity formation and coming out process, and that their mental health was affected. Fear of rejection, negative reactions, and disappointing people were the reasons that led the men not to disclose their sexual orientation to family, while those who had come out defined a feeling of liberation. Conclusions The gay identity formation process has potential impacts on health, wellbeing, and quality of life. Nurses need cultural competence training to be able to understand the needs of gay men, accompany them in the identity formation process, and provide individualized and non-heteronormative care. Nurses also need to participate in dismantling a heterosexist social structure.

Background: The expansion of telenursing in primary care requires undergraduate nursing programmes to prepare students for clinical decision making in virtual care. However, evidence on educational interventions integrating clinical reasoning with managing uncertainty, anxiety, and self-confidence in telenursing remains limited. Objective: This study aims to assess changes in nursing students’ self-confidence and anxiety related to clinical decision making following a simulation-based video consultation intervention, and to explore their satisfaction and perceived learning regarding this educational experience. Methods: A quasi-experimental pretest–post-test study with a comparison group was conducted at two public universities during the 2024–2025 academic year. Undergraduate nursing students (N = 115) were included. The intervention consisted of theoretical training on video consultations, complemented by structured simulated consultations based on primary care scenarios. The control group received no intervention. Outcomes were assessed before and after, with self-confidence and anxiety measured using the Nursing Anxiety and Self-Confidence with Clinical Decision Making (NASC-CDM©) scale. Satisfaction and perceived learning were evaluated in the intervention group using the Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning Scale. Results: At baseline, students had high digital competence but limited preparedness for telenursing, with heterogeneous self-confidence and moderate anxiety in virtual decision making. After the intervention, the intervention group showed significant increases in self-confidence and reductions in anxiety, particularly in global clinical judgement and autonomous decision making. Students reported high satisfaction and perceived learning. Conclusions: Simulation-based video consultations may improve nursing students’ self-confidence and reduce anxiety in virtual care decision making, suggesting a potentially valuable strategy for integrating psychoeducational dimensions into nursing curricula on digital health.

Oral health is crucial for the overall well-being and quality of life, and nurses play a significant role in promoting it. This study assessed the oral health knowledge of fourth-grade nursing degree students. Seventy-two students completed a questionnaire covering sociodemographic variables, oral health-related factors, knowledge about oral health, and perceptions of its importance and learning experiences. The results showed that 83.3% of students attended regular dental check-ups for preventive purposes, and 55.6% had visited a dentist during the last year. Most of the students reported experiencing cavities (66.7%) and undergoing orthodontic treatment (54.2%). The average knowledge score in oral health was 6.4 out of 10, and students recognized the importance of oral health in the nursing role. However, their knowledge acquired during their nursing degree scored relatively low, being 2.5 out of 5. Notably, students who valued problem-based learning achieved higher knowledge scores (p < 0.05). Overall, fourth-grade nursing students demonstrated a moderate level of oral health knowledge. Improving oral health education within nursing curricula, particularly through problem-based learning, is essential to enhance their preparedness in addressing oral health issues effectively. This study was not registered.

Informal caregivers are essential figures that deal with the effects of dependence in the elderly. However, they suffer from poorer health-related quality of life, particularly regarding mental health. Social support is crucial, but this was suspended or dramatically reduced during the Covid-19 pandemic. Salutogenesis theory explores the contributing factors for the promotion and maintenance of health. Considering all these, we offered caregivers the opportunity to join a participatory project aimed at creating communication spaces where they could share experiences, think together about potential solutions, and explore which salutogenic actions they used in their daily basis and how they had changed during Covid-19 restrictions. We used a qualitative methodology with a socio-constructivist and phenomenological approach and purposive sampling. We organized two focus groups consisting of online semi-structured discussions with seven participants in total. Conversations were videotaped and transcribed and we conducted content thematic analyses using the NVivo software. Caregiving in our setting are primarily women with high levels of education that do not always feel comfortable with this load because it interferes with their personal and professional lives. The pandemic increased caregivers feelings of loneliness, resignation, and burden, directly affecting their mental health. Furthermore, the disappearance of prevention programs and the difficulties to access healthcare services produced negative consequences on the already fragile elderly and their family caregivers. The pandemic and its restrictions exacerbated the problematics affecting informal caregivers. Although these people are aware of their situation and have valued knowledge of how to improve their health, they cannot always put it into practice. We call policymakers to reframe interventions aimed at caregivers by introducing the voice of the community in the planning and to rethink the management of vulnerable people and their carers in other potential health crises.

Background: Aging populations are driving a shift in emphasis toward enhancing chronic disease care, reflected in Catalonia’s regional plan which prioritizes standardized nursing care plans in primary care settings. To achieve this, the ARES-AP program was established with a focus on harmonizing standards and supporting routine nursing clinical decision-making. This study evaluates nurses’ perceptions of ARES-AP’s standardized care plans for chronic diseases. Methods: A mixed-methods approach based on an ad hoc questionnaire (n = 141) and a focus group (n = 14) was used. Quantitative data were statistically analysed, setting significance at p < 0.05. Qualitative data were explored via content analysis. Results: ARES-AP training was assessed positively. The resources for motivational interviewing and care plans for the most prevalent chronic diseases were rated very positively. This study identified key factors influencing program implementation, including facilitators such as structured information and nursing autonomy, barriers such as resistance to change, motivators such as managerial support, and suggested improvements such as technological improvements and time management strategies. Conclusions: This study identifies areas for improvement in implementing standardized nursing care plans, including additional time, motivation, enhanced IT infrastructure, and collaboration among primary care professionals. It enhances understanding of these plans in primary care, especially in managing chronic diseases in aging populations. Further research should assess the program’s long-term impact on chronic patients. This study was not registered.

Nurses’ lifestyle habits play a key role in promoting healthy lifestyles; although, they may not always be entirely healthy and can be influenced by working conditions. This paper aims to analyze the influence of doing shift work on nurses’ lifestyle habits. Participants (n = 219) were recruited from 27 primary health care centres in Spain. Data were collected on socio-demographic characteristics, working conditions and lifestyle behaviour, assessed by use of an adhoc questionnaire including validated measures. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression models were performed. A total of 95% of the nurses reported having an adequate diet; 45.2% did not engage in any type of physical activity; and 85.8% did not smoke, especially women. A total of 60.3% did shift work, especially the younger ones (80.8%; p < 0.001), these nurses being the ones with the worst food habits (81.8%). In contrast, nurses who did shift work, exercised more days a week (69.5%; p < 0.001). The dietary habits of the nurses were adequate. Low tobacco consumption and low adherence to physical activity were observed, especially among women. Shift work harmed eating habits and obesity rates, but was a protective factor in terms of adherence to physical exercise.

Maintaining therapeutic levels of anticoagulation is essential to avoid health complications in people who take vitamin K antagonists. This study aimed to analyze the influence of people’s characteristics and the presence of changes in their lives in the control of therapeutic levels of anticoagulation. A longitudinal multicenter study with a 1-year follow-up of a cohort of 199 people receiving anticoagulant therapy was performed. The effect of biological, clinical, social, lifestyle, and changes in life on the international normalized ratio (INR) was analyzed. During the follow-up, 46.7% of participants presented good INR control. At baseline, a diagnosis of atrial fibrillation (P = .00), the lack of comorbidities (P = .03), absence of depression (P = .04), and not following a pharmacological treatment with hypoglycemia drugs (P = .01) were associated with good INR control. During the follow-up, the variable of making changes to the usual diet was associated with poor INR control (P = .05). In the binary multiple regression model, factors associated with poor control were taking hypoglycemia drugs (P = .02) and the presence of depression (P = .04), and only the diagnosis of atrial fibrillation was associated with good control (P = .03). People with a diagnosis of atrial fibrillation had good INR control. Having comorbidities, suffering depression, taking hypoglycemia drugs, and making changes to the diet have a negative effect on INR control.

Background Several studies have reported the effect of rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) on functional ambulation in stroke patients, yet no systematic overview has yet been published. This study aims to synthesize the available evidence describing changes in stroke patients after RAS intervention for functional ambulation and the use of walking assistive devices, and to find out if the effect of RAS and music-based RAS differs depending on the lesioned area. Methods The PubMed, PEDro, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, Scopus and CINAHL electronic databases were searched for reports evaluating the effect of RAS on walking in stroke patients, applying the PICOS criteria for the inclusion of studies. Results Twenty one articles were included (948 stroke survivors). Most studies were of good methodological quality according to the PEDro scale, but they had a high risk of bias. The most consistent finding was that RAS improves walking and balance parameters in stroke patients in all phases compared to baseline and versus control groups with conventional treatment. Functional ambulation and the use of walking assistive devices were inconsistently reported. Several studies also suggest that RAS may be as good as other complementary therapies (horse-riding and visual cueing). Conclusions Despite the beneficial effects of RAS, the question remains as to whether it is better than other complementary therapies. Given the heterogeneity of the interventions, the interventions in control groups, the varied durations, and the different outcome measures, we suggest that care should be taken in interpreting and generalizing findings. PROSPERO Registration CRD42021277940.