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We will give an overview of recent developments in numerical modelling of CR transport in our Galaxy with the PICARD code. Corresponding numerical models aim at reproducing CR spectra and also diffuse gamma-ray emission from the Galaxy by solving the cosmic-ray transport problem in a three-dimensional model of the Galaxy. We address the impact of different transport physics processes on the flux and distribution of diffuse Galactic gamma rays: we investigate CR transport using different cosmic-ray source distribution models ranging from smooth source distributions to localised sources related to high-energy gamma-ray observations. Additionally, we consider anisotropic cosmic-ray diffusion in an improved Galactic magnetic field model. The choice of changing the different transport parameters is most readily visible in the inverse-Compton channel, which shows features not present in commonly-used axisymmetric transport models.

Blue mussels, Mytilus spp., have inhabited the brackish Baltic Sea, an environment lacking predatory crabs and starfish, for several thousand years. In this paper we examined whether Baltic Mytilus that were transplanted to the North Sea showed predator-inducible plasticity like their \"marine\" conspecifics. Our experiments showed that native North Sea Mytilus changed their morphology when exposed to waterborne scents from shore-crabs and starfish. These predators induced different kinds of changes, with emphasis on shell thickness and adductor muscle size, respectively. Baltic Mytilus responded in a similar way to crab scents, whereas starfish scents had a relatively weak effect on the morphology. Crab and starfish scent induced strengthening of the byssal attachment in North Sea Mytilus, with crabs providing more stimulation than starfish. Baltic mussels also improved the byssal attachment when exposed to either of the predators, but the attachment strength, as well as the response to crabs, were relatively weaker than that of North Sea mussels. We conclude that inducible plasticity still is present in Baltic Mytilus, despite their recent evolution in a predator-free environment. There is probably no strong selective pressure against inducible plasticity, but it could also be maintained in the population by gene flow from Mytilus in the adjoining North Sea. The question whether Baltic Mytilus are M. edulis or M. trossulus may also be relevant for the present results.

A classical nova results from runaway thermonuclear explosions on the surface of a white dwarf that accretes matter from a low-mass main-sequence stellar companion. In 2012 and 2013, three novae were detected in γ rays and stood in contrast to the first γ-ray–detected nova V407 Cygni 2010, which belongs to a rare class of symbiotic binary systems. Despite likely differences in the compositions and masses of their white dwarf progenitors, the three classical novae are similarly characterized as soft-spectrum transient γ-ray sources detected over 2- to 3-week durations. The γ-ray detections point to unexpected high-energy particle acceleration processes linked to the mass ejection from thermonuclear explosions in an unanticipated class of Galactic γ-ray sources.

This paper represents a well-written introduction to the subject, and the interpretation of the data offers some interesting approaches to the problems of unravelling the origin of these types of pyrite. It could have led to new insights into some of the enigmatic aspects of auriferous placers were it not for flaws in the data, inadequate description of analytical methods, and misleading presentation of the data.

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to present a review of the deception detection literature that arrives at a different conclusion from the one presented by King and Dunn. Specifically, the authors' review shows that people can detect deception at significantly above chance accuracy in policing environments. A new paradigm for deception detection is also discussed. Design/methodology/approach - An extensive literature review was conducted. Findings - People can detect deception at levels that exceed chance in a variety of police-related environments when an ecological approach to detecting deception is adopted. Practical implications - The authors' review suggests that it is time for deception detection training and manuals to move away from the demeanor-based systems that are currently dominant and toward coherence and correspondence-based systems. Originality/value - The paper presents a perspective that is different from the one advanced by King and Dunn. It also introduces the ecological detection of deception paradigm to the policing literature.

Issue Title: The Multi-Messenger Approach to High-Energy Gamma-Ray Sources: Third Workshop on the Nature of Unidentified High-Energy Sources In 2004 and 2005, the shell-type supernova remnants RX J1713.7-3946 and RX J0852.0-4622 were observed and detected with the complete H.E.S.S. array, a system of four Imaging Cherenkov Telescopes located in Namibia and dedicated to the observations of γ-rays above 100 GeV. The energy spectra of these two sources have been measured over a wide energy range and revealed an integral flux above 1 TeV similar to that of the Crab Nebula. Their morphologies were resolved with high accuracy with H.E.S.S. and exhibit a striking correlation with the X-ray images, thereby pioneering a technique of unambiguously identifying spatially extended γ-ray sources. The results of the observations will be presented. Similarities and differences between these two sources will be pointed out as well as possible implications. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]

Issue Title: The Multi-Messenger Approach to High-Energy Gamma-Ray Sources: Third Workshop on the Nature of Unidentified High-Energy Sources Gamma-ray astrophysics depends in many ways on multiwavelength studies. The Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) Large Area Telescope (LAT) Collaboration has started multiwavelength planning well before the scheduled 2007 launch of the observatory. Some of the high-priority multiwavelength needs include: (1) availability of contemporaneous radio and X-ray timing of pulsars; (2) expansion of blazar catalogs, including redshift measurements; (3) improved observations of molecular clouds, especially at high galactic latitudes; (4) simultaneous broad-band blazar monitoring; (5) characterization of gamma-ray transients, including gamma ray bursts; (6) radio, optical, X-ray and TeV counterpart searches for reliable and effective sources identification and characterization. Several of these activities are needed to be in place before launch. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to present a review of the deception detection literature that arrives at a different conclusion from the one presented by King and Dunn. Specifically, the authors' review shows that people can detect deception at significantly above chance accuracy in policing environments. A new paradigm for deception detection is also discussed.Design methodology approach - An extensive literature review was conducted.Findings - People can detect deception at levels that exceed chance in a variety of police-related environments when an ecological approach to detecting deception is adopted.Practical implications - The authors' review suggests that it is time for deception detection training and manuals to move away from the demeanor-based systems that are currently dominant and toward coherence and correspondence-based systems.Originality value - The paper presents a perspective that is different from the one advanced by King and Dunn. It also introduces the ecological detection of deception paradigm to the policing literature.

Colliding-wind binaries (CWBs) constitute an emerging class of \\(\\gamma\\)-ray sources powered by strong, dense winds in massive stellar systems. The most powerful of them are those binaries hosting a Wolf-Rayet (WR) star. Following the recent discovery of Apep -- the closest known Galactic WR--WR binary -- we discuss the non-detection of its putative high-energy emission by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT) in this Letter. The limits reported in the GeV regime can be used to set a lower limit on the magnetic field pressure density within the shocked wind-collision region (WCR), and to exclude Apep as a bright gamma-ray emitting binary. Given that this WR--WR system is the most luminous CWB identified until now at radio wavelengths, this result proves unambiguously that non-thermal synchrotron emission is not a suitable identifier for the subset of gamma-ray emitters in this class of particle accelerators. Rather, Apep could be an interesting case of study for magnetic field amplification in shocked stellar winds.

The association of a supernova with GRB030329 1 , 2 strongly supports the ‘collapsar’ model 3 of γ-ray bursts, where a relativistic jet 4 forms after the progenitor star collapses. Such jets cannot be spatially resolved because γ-ray bursts lie at cosmological distances; their existence is instead inferred from ‘breaks’ in the light curves of the afterglows, and from the theoretical desire to reduce the estimated total energy of the burst by proposing that most of it comes out in narrow beams. Temporal evolution of the polarization of the afterglows 5 , 6 , 7 may provide independent evidence for the jet structure of the relativistic outflow. Small-level polarization (∼1–3 per cent) 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 has been reported for a few bursts, but its temporal evolution has yet to be established. Here we report polarimetric observations of the afterglow of GRB030329. We establish the polarization light curve, detect sustained polarization at the per cent level, and find significant variability. The data imply that the afterglow magnetic field has a small coherence length and is mostly random, probably generated by turbulence, in contrast with the picture arising from the high polarization detected in the prompt γ-rays from GRB021206 (ref. 18 ).