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Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) is characterized by the presence of injury caused by an ischemic event, which leads to various complications, including Heart Failure (HF), the most severe functional stage of the heart, reducing both quality of life and life expectancy. Among the factors involved in this process, essential trace elements such as zinc and selenium stand out, as they are related to cardiovascular health and may help mitigate the harmful changes resulting from AMI. The objective of this protocol is to detail the development of two systematic reviews to gather scientific evidence on the relationship between zinc and selenium and the prognosis following AMI. This protocol was developed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) guideline and registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under the code CRD42024574424. Search strategies will be conducted using a combination of controlled and uncontrolled terms combined with Boolean operators, and the following databases will be used: MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, LILACS, Scopus, Web of Science, Trip database, and World Wide Science. Cohort studies that evaluated zinc and selenium in the prognosis after AMI will be included. Two trained researchers will independently select articles, extract data, and assess the risk of bias and the quality of the evidence. A narrative synthesis will be performed, and the main findings will be presented in tables. If possible, a meta-analysis will also be conducted.

•In the present study, not all of the participants were selenium deficient at the study's baseline.•Brazil nuts presented a high selenium concentration.•Brazil nut intake for 2 mo increased selenium biomarkers.•Gene expression of proinflammatory parameters increased after the intervention. Increased inflammatory response is an important factor in the pathophysiology of obesity. The mineral selenium (Se), of which one of the main food sources is the Brazil nut, has important antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions through the action of selenoproteins. Thus, the evaluation of the influence of this micronutrient in this context is of great relevance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Brazil nut intake with high Se concentrations on inflammatory biomarkers and its relation to Se status in obese women. A randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out with 55 women recruited at Clinical Hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. Patients were randomly assigned to either the Brazil nut group (BN) or the control group (CO) and followed up for 2 mo. The BN group consumed 1 unit/d of Brazil nuts (∼ 1261 μg/Se); the CO group did not receive any intervention. At baseline and after 2 mo, analysis of biochemical parameters related to Se status, oxidative stress, and inflammatory biomarkers were performed. At baseline, both groups did not present Se deficiency. In the BN group, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in all Se biomarkers and in gene expression of several proinflammatory parameters (interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and Toll-like receptors 2 and 4) were observed after the intervention period. No changes were observed for the CO group. Although there were no changes in plasma inflammatory biomarkers levels, a significant increase in gene expression may be an indication of a proinflammatory stimulus in obesity, induced by the consumption of Brazil nuts with high Se levels.

Brazil nut (BN) is a good source of essential nutrients, but little is known about the content of other components, such as toxic elements. Moreover, the high consumption of BN could probably contribute to increased levels of toxic and essential elements in the blood. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the concentration of essential and toxic trace elements in BN and their concentration in plasma of obese women after regular intake of BN. A randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out with 55 subjects that were randomly assigned to either the Brazil nut group (BN) ( n = 29) or the control group (CO) ( n = 26) and followed up for 2 months. The BN group consumed one unit of Brazil nut per day, and the CO group did not receive any intervention. The concentration of essential elements (zinc, copper, manganese, and cobalt) and toxic (barium, lead, and cadmium) in BN samples and plasma of obese women (before and after the intervention) were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Barium followed by copper, and manganese were the trace elements present in higher amounts in Brazil nuts. After the BN intervention period was observed an increase in plasma cadmium ( p = 0.002) and a reduction of plasma manganese ( p < 0.001) levels. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the regular consumption of BN from the Brazilian Amazon rainforest contributes to the intake of essential trace elements and can be considered safe regarding the content of heavy metals.

Background and objectives: Nuts are considered to have an optimal energy density and a good source of lipids, especially unsaturated fatty acids. One Brazilian nut provides approximately 35,3kcal and 3,24g of total lipids, mainly monounsaturated fatty acids. The daily consumption of this food has been associated with the improvement of lipid profile and risk reduction of cardiovascular diseases. However, there is a concern about the possible effects of the daily intake of nuts on weight gain. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Brazilian nuts (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.) intake on body composition of obese women. Methods: We enrolled 72 obese women recruited in the outpatient clinic of endocrinology from Clinics Hospital of Sao Paulo, Brazil. They were randomly assigned to either ingestion of Brazil nuts (BN) group or control (CO) group and they were followed up for 2 months. Participants of the treatment group consumed one Brazilian nut daily and the control group avoided the intake of any food containing the nut for the same period of time. On baseline and after two months of follow-up were assessed weight and height for the calculation of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and percentage of body fat (%BF). Repeated measures ANOVA analyses were performed using SPSS 18.0 software to evaluate the effect of supplementation time with Brazilian nuts on the variables mentioned above. Results: Twenty-nine participants of the treated group (BN) and twenty-six of the control group (CO) completed the trial. The mean age of BN and CO group was 40,3±9,0 and 39,4±9,5 (P=0,714) respectively. For BN and CO groups, no significant differences were observed for weight (ΔAfter-Before= -0,50) (ΔAfter-Before= 0,20) (P=0,723), BMI (ΔAfter-Before= -0,10) (ΔAfter-Before=0,10) (P=0,784), WC (ΔAfter-Before= -1,10) (ΔAfter-Before= 2,50) (P=0,111) and %BF (ΔAfter-Before= 0,30) (ΔAfter-Before= -0,10) (P=0,587). Conclusions: The data show that Brazilian nut consumption for two months has no effect on the body composition of obese women.

The scope of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two methods of educational nutritional intervention together with women who practice regular physical activities by fostering the adoption of healthy eating habits. The study population consisted of 52 women aged between 19 and 59 who frequented the Academia da Cidade Program in Aracaju in the State of Sergipe. The study was a randomized comparison of two intervention groups and was of the pre-test/post-test variety. The educational activities were based on two protocols - one less intensive (P1 Group) and one more intensive (P2 Group) - over a period of two months. The variables analyzed were nutritional knowledge, anthropometric measurements and changes in eating habits. The changes identified were improvement in eating habits and reduction in weight and Body Mass Index for the P2 group. The modifications identified referred mainly to increased consumption of fruit and vegetables, reduction of fat in cooking, reduction in the volume of food eaten per meal and increased meal frequency. In relation to nutritional knowledge, only 2 of the 12 questions showed significant changes. The most intensive method proved effective in changing dietary habits leading to weight loss.

O presente estudo avaliou a eficácia de dois métodos de intervenção nutricional educativa entre mulheres praticantes de atividade física regular visando à adoção de práticas alimentares saudáveis. A população foi constituída de 52 mulheres de 19 a 59 anos, frequentadoras do Programa Academia da Cidade (Aracaju, SE). O estudo teve delineamento de comparação de dois grupos de intervenção e foi do tipo pré-teste/pós-teste. As ações educativas foram baseadas em dois protocolos, uma com ação menos intensiva (Grupo P1) e outra mais intensiva (Grupo P2), num período de dois meses. As variáveis analisadas foram as de conhecimento nutricional, medidas antropométricas e mudanças nos hábitos alimentares. As modificações identificadas foram melhora nos hábitos alimentares e redução do peso e Índice de Massa Corpórea para o Grupo P2. As modificações citadas referiram-se, principalmente, ao aumento do consumo de frutas, verduras e legumes, redução de gordura das preparações, redução do volume do alimento ingerido por refeição e aumento do fracionamento da dieta. Em relação aos conhecimentos em nutrição apenas 2 das 12 perguntas apresentaram aumento significativo da nota. A intervenção nutricional mais intensiva mostrou-se eficaz para mudanças de hábitos alimentares com repercussão na perda de peso corporal. The scope of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two methods of educational nutritional intervention together with women who practice regular physical activities by fostering the adoption of healthy eating habits. The study population consisted of 52 women aged between 19 and 59 who frequented the Academia da Cidade Program in Aracaju in the State of Sergipe. The study was a randomized comparison of two intervention groups and was of the pre-test/post-test variety. The educational activities were based on two protocols - one less intensive (P1 Group) and one more intensive (P2 Group) - over a period of two months. The variables analyzed were nutritional knowledge, anthropometric measurements and changes in eating habits. The changes identified were improvement in eating habits and reduction in weight and Body Mass Index for the P2 group. The modifications identified referred mainly to increased consumption of fruit and vegetables, reduction of fat in cooking, reduction in the volume of food eaten per meal and increased meal frequency. In relation to nutritional knowledge, only 2 of the 12 questions showed significant changes. The most intensive method proved effective in changing dietary habits leading to weight loss.

The scope of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two methods of educational nutritional intervention together with women who practice regular physical activities by fostering the adoption of healthy eating habits. The study population consisted of 52 women aged between 19 and 59 who frequented the Academia da Cidade Program in Aracaju in the State of Sergipe. The study was a randomized comparison of two intervention groups and was of the pre-test/post-test variety. The educational activities were based on two protocols - one less intensive (P1 Group) and one more intensive (P2 Group) - over a period of two months. The variables analyzed were nutritional knowledge, anthropometric measurements and changes in eating habits. The changes identified were improvement in eating habits and reduction in weight and Body Mass Index for the P2 group. The modifications identified referred mainly to increased consumption of fruit and vegetables, reduction of fat in cooking, reduction in the volume of food eaten per meal and increased meal frequency. In relation to nutritional knowledge, only 2 of the 12 questions showed significant changes. The most intensive method proved effective in changing dietary habits leading to weight loss.