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A bstract We study the energy loss of a heavy quark slowly moving through an evolving strongly coupled plasma. We use the linearized fluid/gravity correspondence to describe small perturbations of the medium flow with general spacetime dependence. This all order linearized hydrodynamics results in a drag force exerted on a heavy quark even when it is at rest with the fluid element. We show how the general contribution to the drag force can be derived order by order in the medium velocity gradients and provide explicit results valid up to the third order. We then obtain an approximate semi-analytic result for the drag force to all orders in the gradient expansion but linearized in the medium velocity. Thus, the effects of a class of hydrodynamic gradients on the drag force are re-summed, giving further insight into the dissipative properties of strongly coupled plasmas. The all order result allows us to study the drag force in the non-hydrodynamic regime of linear medium perturbations that vary rapidly in space and time.

A bstract Using Soft-Collinear Effective Theory, we develop the transverse-momentum-dependent factorization formalism for heavy flavor dijet production in polarized-proton-electron collisions. We consider heavy flavor mass corrections in the collinear-soft and jet functions, as well as the associated evolution equations. Using this formalism, we generate a prediction for the gluon Sivers asymmetry for charm and bottom dijet production at the future Electron-Ion Collider. Furthermore, we compare theoretical predictions with and without the inclusion of finite quark masses. We find that the heavy flavor mass effects can give sizable corrections to the predicted asymmetry.

In these proceedings, we review the production of both light and heavy flavor dijets in heavy ion collisions and highlight a promising observable to expose their distinct signatures. We propose the modification of dijet invariant mass distributions in heavy ion collisions as a new observable that exhibits striking sensitivity to the heavy quark mass dependence of in-medium parton showers. This observable has the advantage of amplifying the effects of jet quenching in contrast to conventional observables, such as the dijet momentum imbalance shift, which involve cancellations of such effects and, hence, result in less pronounced signals. Predictions are presented for Au+Au collisions at √ S NN = 200 GeV to guide the future sPHENIX program at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider.

Jets comprise a rich class of emergent phenomena stemming the underlying theory of the strong nuclear force, Quantum Chromodynamics. As jets are produced in copious quantities in hadron colliders, understanding their internal structure and evolution is of the utmost importance for modern particle physics. In this thesis, we study various aspects of a special class of jets—that is, jets containing heavy quarks, such as charm, bottom and top—which can all be understood from a statistical point of view. In the first part, we consider situations in which the observation of back-to-back heavy-quark dijet pairs shed light on key physics governing the final and initial states of high-energy particle collisions—from the modification of dijet mass spectra by the quark-gluon plasma created in the collisions of heavy ions to the probing of the Sivers spin asymmetry in deep inelastic scattering. In the second part, we analyze the internal landscapes of jets initiated by heavy quarks and demonstrate how the so-called “dead-cone” effect manifests in the cumulants of jet substructure distributions. In the third and final part, we adapt concepts from the machine learning community to tag top jets from a background of jets initiated by light quarks and gluons as well develop a novel data type that is particularly well-suited to exposing the characteristic angular structure of top decay products.

In these proceedings, we review the production of both light and heavy flavor dijets in heavy ion collisions and highlight a promising observable to expose their distinct signatures. We propose the modification of dijet invariant mass distributions in heavy ion collisions as a novel observable that exhibits striking sensitivity to the quark-gluon plasma transport properties and heavy quark mass effects on in-medium parton showers. This observable has the advantage of amplifying the effects of jet quenching in contrast to conventional observables, such as the dijet momentum imbalance shift, which involve cancellations of such effects and, hence, result in less pronounced signals. Predictions are presented for Au+Au collisions at \\(s_NN\\) = 200 GeV to guide the future sPHENIX program at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider.

In the first part of this work, we demonstrate how the metric space structure induced by the energy mover's distance can be leveraged for the unsupervised tagging of jets according to their progenitor. Namely, we focus on the task of tagging jets initiated by a top quark from a background of jets initiated by light quarks and gluons. By examining the local neighborhood structure of this metric space, we find that the jets of each class populate the landscape in differing densities. This characteristic can be exploited to accurately cluster jets according to their densities through unsupervised clustering algorithms, such as DBSCAN. In the second part of this work, we modify the metric space by reducing the global notion of connectivity down to a local one and, in the process of doing so, modify our distance metric to be that corresponding to geodesics on an underlying graph. We demonstrate how this modification induces regions of both positive and negative values of curvature, which are then exacerbated through a Ricci flow algorithm. Differences in the curvatures averaged over local patches of the new graph metric space then lead to a flow which separates the signal top jets from the background in a fashion that is completely agnostic to any pre-determined jet labels.

In this work, we construct a new data type for hadronic jets in which the traditional point-cloud representation is transformed into a simplicial complex consisting of vertices, or 0-simplexes. An angular resolution scale, \\(r\\), is then drawn about each vertex, forming balls about hadrons. As \\(r\\) grows, the overlap of balls form 2- and 3-point connections, thereby appending 1- and 2-simplexes to the complex. We thus associate a jet with an angular-resolution-dependent characterization of its substructure -- we dub this data type the simplicial substructure complex \\(K_ sub(r)\\). This data type gives rise to two interesting representations. First, the subset of 0-and 1-simplexes lends itself naturally to a graph representation of a given jet's substructure and we provide examples of valuable graph-theoretic calculations such a representation affords. Second, the subset of 1- and 2-simplexes gives rise to what is known as a Face-Counting-Vector, in topological combinatorics parlance. We explore information-theoretic aspects of the components of this vector, various metric properties which follow, as well as how this vector can be used to define new jet-shape observables. The utility of these representations is demonstrated in the context of the discrimination of jets initiated by light quarks and gluons from those initiated by tops.

We study the energy loss of a heavy quark slowly moving through an evolving strongly coupled plasma. We use the linearized fluid/gravity correspondence to describe small perturbations of the medium flow with general spacetime dependence. This all order linearized hydrodynamics results in a drag force exerted on a heavy quark even when it is at rest with the fluid element. We show how the general contribution to the drag force can be derived order by order in the medium velocity gradients and provide explicit results valid up to the third order. We then obtain an approximate semi-analytic result for the drag force to all orders in the gradient expansion but linearized in the medium velocity. Thus, the effects of a class of hydrodynamic gradients on the drag force are re-summed, giving further insight into the dissipative properties of strongly coupled plasmas. The all order result allows us to study the drag force in the non-hydrodynamic regime of linear medium perturbations that vary rapidly in space and time.

The placement of a magnetic monopole into an electrically-neutral chiral plasma with a non-zero axial density results in an electric polarization of the matter. The electric current produced by the chiral magnetic effect is balanced by charge diffusion and Ohmic dissipation, which generates a non-trivial charge distribution. In turn, the latter induces a separation of chiralities along the magnetic field of the monopole due to the chiral separation effect. We find the stationary states of such a system, with vanishing total electric current and stationary axial current balanced by the chiral anomaly. In this solution, the monopole becomes \"dressed\" with an electric charge that is proportional to the averaged chiral density of the matter -- forming a chiral dyon. The interplay between the chiral effects on the one hand, and presence of magnetic field of the monopole on the other, may affect the evolution of the monopole density in the early Universe, contribute to the process of baryogenesis, and can also be instrumental for detection of relic monopoles using chiral materials.

We study the interplay between the flow and hydrodynamic gradients in jet quenching at first order in opacity. We find that the mixed flow-gradient contributions in jet quenching are enhanced by the medium length, and survive in the eikonal limit, dominating over other medium evolution effects. The resulting modification to the jet quenching parameter and energy loss rate can be substantial, leading to ample phenomenological implications. We also compute the leading corrections to the jet broadening due to the flow velocity gradients, and consider the leading gradient effects in the medium-induced branching for general kinematics, extending the recent considerations of jets in inhomogeneous media. These results can be straightforwardly coupled to matter simulations, providing new opportunities for jet tomography in heavy-ion collisions.