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Objective Renal cell carcinomas represent the sixth- and tenth-most frequently diagnosed cancer in men and women. Recently, percutaneous-guided thermal ablations have proved to be as effective as partial nephrectomy and safer for treating small renal masses (i.e.,  < 3 cm). This study compared the perioperative and recurrence outcomes of percutaneous thermal ablation (TA) and robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) for the treatment of T1b renal cell carcinomas (4.1–7 cm). Methods Retrospective data from 11 centers on the national database, between 2010 and 2020, included 81 patients treated with thermal ablation (TA) and 308 patients treated with RAPN for T1b renal cell carcinoma, collected retrospectively and matched for tumor size, histology results, and the RENAL score. TA included cryoablation and microwave ablation. Endpoints compared the rate between the two groups: local recurrence, metastases, complications, renal function decrease, and length of hospitalization. Results After matching, 75 patients were included in each group; mean age was 76.6 (± 9) in the TA group and 61.1 (± 12) in the RAPN group, including 69.3% and 76% men respectively. The local recurrence (LR) rate was significantly higher in the TA group than in the PN group (14.6% vs 4%; p  = 0.02). The LR rate was 20% (1/5) after microwave ablation, 11.1% (1/9) after radiofrequency ablation, and 14.7% (9/61) after cryoablation. The major complication rate (Clavien–Dindo  ≥ 3) was higher following PN than after TA (5.3% vs 0%; p  < 0.001). Metastases, eGFR decrease, and length of hospitalization did not differ significantly between the two groups. Conclusions The local recurrence rate was significantly higher after thermal ablation; however, thermal ablation resulted in significantly lower rates of complications. Summary statement Thermal ablation and robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy are effective treatments for T1b renal cancer; however, the local recurrence rate was higher after thermal ablation. Key Points • The local recurrence rate was significantly higher in the thermal ablation group than in the partial nephrectomy group. • The major complication rate (Clavien–Dindo ≥ 3) was higher following PN than after TA (5.3% vs. 0%; p < 0.001).

Purpose The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the tolerance and feasibility of using virtual reality headsets with patients during interventional radiology procedures. Material and method In this single-center prospective study, the use of a virtual reality headset in addition to the usual analgesic and anxiolytic treatment was proposed to all patients presenting in the interventional radiology department from December 2020 to June 2022. Exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) patients with whom it was not possible to communicate (2) epileptic patients, (3) non-verbal patients, and (4) pregnant women. The main objective was to evaluate the safety of the procedure by screening complications during and after the procedure. The second objective was to evaluate feasibility, as defined by the number of patients using the helmet until the end of the procedure. Effectiveness (patient’s self-evaluation of pain and anxiety), comfort, satisfaction, emotions felt, sense of security, and feeling of immersion were also evaluated. Caregivers completed a feedback questionnaire. Results Virtual reality headsets were offered to 100 patients, 9 of whom declined. Procedures were achieved in 93.5% of cases: 6/91 patients removed the headset before the end of the procedure. There were minor adverse events in 2/85 (2.3%) procedures (discomfort and nausea) and no major adverse events. 93.9% of patients found an overall benefit, and 90.2% would recommend virtual reality to another patient. 94.4% of caregivers were satisfied with the virtual reality equipment. The mean pain level was 2.5 ± 2.7 before the procedure, 3.3 ± 2.5 during the procedure, and 1.6 ± 2.7 after the procedure. Mean anxiety scores were 4.6 ± 2.9 before the procedure, 3.1 ± 2.7 during the procedure, and 1.1 ± 1.9 after the procedure. Conclusion The use of virtual reality technology as a complement to traditional therapy for procedures under local anesthesia is feasible and safe in interventional radiology and can be beneficial for pain and anxiety management.

Objectives Inferior vena cava filter (IVCF) placement is indicated when there is a deep vein thrombosis and/or a pulmonary embolism and a contraindication of anticoagulation. Due to the increased risk of recurrent deep venous thrombosis when left in place, IVCF removal is indicated once anticoagulant treatment can be reintroduced. However, many temporary IVCF are not removed. We aimed to analyze the removal rate and predictors of filter non-removal in a university hospital setting. Methods We collected all the data of consecutive patients who had a retrievable IVCF inserted at the Saint-Etienne University Hospital (France) between April 2012 and November 2019. Rates of filter removal were calculated. We analyzed patient characteristics to assess factors associated with filter non-removal, particularly in patients without a definitive filter indication. The exclusion of this last category of patients allowed us to calculate an adjusted removal rate. Results The overall removal rate of IVCF was 40.5% (IC 95% 35.6–45.6), and the adjusted removal rate was 62.9 % (IC 95% 56.6–69.2%). No major complications were noted. Advanced age ( p < 0.0001) and cancer presence ( p < 0.003) were statistically significant predictors of patients not being requested to make a removal attempt. Conclusions Although most of the filters placed are for therapeutic indications validated by scientific societies, the removal rate in this setting remains suboptimal. The major factors influencing IVCF removal rate are advanced age and cancer presence. Key Points • Most vena cava filters are placed for therapeutic indications validated by scientific societies. • Vena cava filter removal rates in this setting remain suboptimal. • Major factors influencing IVCF removal rate are advanced age and cancer presence.

Background Selection of colorectal cancer patients with concomitant peritoneal (PM) and liver metastases (LM) for radical treatment with cytoreductive surgery (CRS), including liver resection and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), needs improvement. This retrospective, monocentric study was designed to evaluate the predictive factors for early recurrence, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) in such patients treated in a referral center. Methods Consecutive colorectal cancer patients with concomitant LM and PM treated with curative intent with perioperative systemic chemotherapy, simultaneous complete CRS, liver resection, and HIPEC in 2011–2022 were included. Clinical, radiological (before and after preoperative chemotherapy), surgical, and pathological data were investigated, along with long-term oncologic outcomes. A multivariate analysis was performed to identify predictive factors associated with early recurrence (diagnosed <6 months after surgery), DFS, and OS. Results Of more than 61 patients included, 31 (47.1%) had pT4 and 27 (40.9%) had pN2 primary tumors. Before preoperative chemotherapy, the median number of LM was 2 (1–4). The median surgical PCI (peritoneal carcinomatosis index) was 3 (5–8.5). The median DFS and OS were 8.15 (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.5–10.1) and 34.1 months (95% CI 28.1–53.5), respectively. In multivariate analysis, pT4 (odds ratio [OR] = 4.14 [1.2–16.78], p = 0.032]) and pN2 (OR = 3.7 [1.08–13.86], p = 0.042) status were independently associated with an early recurrence, whereas retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis (hazard ratio [HR] = 39 [8.67–175.44], p < 0.001) was independently associated with poor OS. Conclusions In colorectal cancer patients with concomitant PM and LM, an advanced primary tumor (pT4 and/or pN2) was associated with a higher risk of early recurrence following a radical multimodal treatment, whereas RLN metastases was strongly detrimental for OS.

Purpose To assess effectiveness on pain, quality of life and late adverse events of percutaneous fixation with internal cemented screw (FICS) among patients with iliac lytic bone metastases with or without pathological fractures. Materials and Methods This retrospective exploratory study analyzed FICS procedures on iliac osteolytic bone lesions with and without pathological fracture performed from July 2019 to January 2022 in one tertiary level university hospital. The procedure were performed under general anesthesia, and were CT and fluoroscopically guided. Numerical Pain Rate Score (NPRS), mean EuroQol visual analogue scale (EQ VAS), morphine consumption, walking ability, walking perimeter and presence of walking aids and the appearance of complications were evaluated. Results Nineteen procedures among 18 patients were carried out with a mean follow up time of 243.3 ± 243.2 days. The mean of the maximum NPRS decreased from 8.4 ± 1.3 to 2.2 ± 3.1 at 1 month ( p  < 0.01) and remained between 1.3 and 4.1 during a follow-up consultation period of 3–24 months. The mean EQ VAS rose from 42.0 ± 12.5 to 57.3 ± 13.9 at 1 month ( p  < 0.01) follow-up and remained between 55.8 and 62.5 thereafter. No patient scores returned to pre-procedure levels during follow-up. Mean morphine use decreased from 111.1 ± 118.1 to 57.8 ± 70.3 mg/d at 1 month ( p  > 0.05) follow-up. No late adverse events were reported. Conclusion Percutaneous FICS is a safe procedure with fast and long-standing effect on pain, mobility and quality of life. It can be used as a complement to the known analgesic therapeutic arsenal for bone metastases. Graphical Abstract

Distinction between deep and superficial middle cerebral artery (MCA) territories and their junctional vascular area (the internal borderzone or IBZ) constitutes a predictor of stroke patient outcome. However, the IBZ boundaries are not well-defined because of substantial anatomical variance. Here, we built a statistical estimate of the IBZ and tested its vulnerability to ischemia using an independent sample. First, we used delineated lesions of 122 patients suffering of chronic ischemic stroke grouped in deep, superficial and territorial topographies and statistical comparisons to generate a probabilistic estimate of the IBZ. The IBZ extended from the insular cortex to the internal capsule and the anterior part of the caudate nucleus head. The IBZ showed the highest lesion frequencies (~30% on average across IBZ voxels) in our chronic stroke patients but also in an independent sample of 87 acute patients. Additionally, the most important apparent diffusion coefficient reductions (−6%), which reflect stroke severity, were situated within our IBZ estimate. The IBZ was most severely injured in case of a territorial infarction. Then, our results are in favour of an increased IBZ vulnerability to ischemia. Moreover, our probabilistic estimates of deep, superficial and IBZ regions can help the everyday spatial classification of lesions.

Objective The purpose of the present study is to determine whether or not lesion characteristics on PET/CT could reduce the number of samples required to achieve a diagnosis in image-guided bone biopsies (IGBB). Materials and methods A retrospective review of 38 percutaneous IGBB performed at a single center. Biopsies have been performed from January 1st, 2020, to October 23rd, 2024. Inclusion criteria were patients with a PET/CT and a histopathologic report available. Specimens were collected, numbered, and independently analyzed in separate containers. PET/CT data, including SUV max , SUV mean , MTV, TLG, and morphological lesion characteristics, were correlated with biopsy outcomes and subjected to statistical analysis. Patients were classified by the number of samples needed for diagnosis: first (Group 1), second (Group 2), or third/subsequent (Group 3). Results Thirty-four/38 (89%) involved spinal and pelvic locations (34/38; 89%). Breast cancer metastases were the most common diagnosis (21/38; 55%). Group 1 included 20 IGBB (52%), group 2 included 9 IGBB (24%), and group 3 included 9 IGBB (24%). No statistically significant difference was found between groups in metabolic characteristics and the number of samples needed for diagnostic purposes ( p  > 0.05). Subgroup analysis, including factors such as density or lesion size, didn’t find any significant differences between groups. Conclusion The results suggest that high metabolic activity alone does not justify reducing the number of biopsy samples without compromising diagnostic performance. This supports the recommendation to obtain at least three samples and highlights the importance of selecting the safest biopsy site, regardless of metabolic activity. Critical relevance statement This study critically assesses the role of FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters in predicting the diagnostic success of IGBB, providing new insights to improve target selection and biopsy planning in clinical radiology. Key Points This study assessed whether metabolic activity on FDG PET/CT influences the diagnostic yield of IGBB. High metabolic activity did not allow for reducing the number of samples without affecting diagnostic performance. At least three biopsy samples should be obtained, prioritizing safety over metabolic activity when selecting the biopsy site. Graphical Abstract

ObjectiveTo evaluate feasibility, safety and efficacy of a combination of screw fixation and cementoplasty for pathologic bone fracture.MethodsIn this single-center prospective study, all consecutive percutaneous screw fixations under assisted CT guidance for palliation and fracture treatment of pathologic bone fracture were reviewed from July 2019 to February 2021. The primary outcome measure was the procedures’ technical success, defined as the correct placement of the screw(s), without any complications. Secondary outcome measures were the safety, the procedures’ early analgesic effects and impacts on quality of life at 4 weeks.ResultsTechnical success was achieved in 11/11 procedures (100%) among 11 patients. No major complications attributable to the procedure were noted. The mean pain scored significantly decreased at the initial follow-up: 8.0 ± 2.7 versus 1.6 ± 2.5 (p < 0.05). Opioid doses were statistically lower after procedure: 70.9 ± 37 versus 48.2 ± 46 mg/day (p < 0.05). The mean EQ5D score had significantly increased by the early post-procedure consultation: 42.5 ± 13.6 vs 63.6 ± 10.3 (p < 0.05).ConclusionCombination of percutaneous screw fixation and cementoplasty for pathologic bone fracture is feasible and safe. It is efficient to reduce pain, decrease the consumption of opioids and improve the quality of life at 4 weeks after the procedure.