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"Ren, Dong"
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يتناول كتاب (ماوتسي يونج) وهو صاحب سيرة طويلة عبر ما يقرب من سبعين عاما، نشأ في ريف الصين لأب فلاح فقير، استهوته الماركسية فانتمى إليها، ثم صار أحد نجومها في الحزب الشيوعي الصيني، ثم صار رئيسا للحزب، ثم استقل بعرش الصين وجلس عليه حوالي ثلاثين عاما، قاد فيها الصين برؤيته الخاصة فصنع منها دولة قوية في وقت وجيز، ولا يزال كتابه الأحمر مرجعا أساسيا للفكر الصيني والسياسة الصينية، بل إن دواوين شعره هي الأكثر مبيعا في الصين، ولا تزال سيرته مقصد كثير من المطلعين.
Book
Construction of long non-coding RNA- and microRNA-mediated competing endogenous RNA networks in alcohol-related esophageal cancer
The current study aimed to explore the lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA networks associated with alcohol-related esophageal cancer (EC). RNA-sequencing and clinical data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs, DELs), and miRNAs (DEMs) in patients with alcohol-related and non-alcohol-related EC were identified. Prognostic RNAs were identified by performing Kaplan–Meier survival analyses. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was employed to build the gene modules. The lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks were constructed based on our in silico analyses using data from miRcode, starBase, and miRTarBase databases. Functional enrichment analysis was performed for the genes in the identified ceRNA networks. A total of 906 DEGs, 40 DELs, and 52 DEMs were identified. There were eight lncRNAs and miRNAs each, including ST7-AS2 and miR-1269, which were significantly associated with the survival rate of patients with EC. Of the seven gene modules, the blue and turquoise modules were closely related to disease progression; the genes in this module were selected to construct the ceRNA networks. SNHG12–miR-1–ST6GAL1, SNHG3–miR-1–ST6GAL1, SPAG5-AS1–miR-133a–ST6GAL1, and SNHG12–hsa-miR-33a–ST6GA interactions, associated with the N-glycan biosynthesis pathway, may have key roles in alcohol-related EC. Thus, the identified biomarkers provide a novel insight into the molecular mechanism of alcohol-related EC.
Journal Article
عبارات \غامضة\ عن الصين : مقالات في الجغرافيا البشرية
هذا الكتاب هو الجزء الأول من سلسلة كتب \"الحكمة الصينية\" ويأتي تحت عنوان (عبارات \"غامضة\" عن الصين : مقالات في الجغرافيا البشرية)، وجمع بين دفتيه ما مجموعة أربعة عشر مصطلحا متعلقا بالجغرافيا البشرية، ومن بينها \"الأقاليم التسعة\"، \"العالم\"، \"النهر الأصفر\"، \"سور الصين العظيم\"، \"المدينة\"، \"و\"العاصمة\"، وغيرها، ويتمثل الغرض الرئيسي للكتاب في تعريف الأطفال بالجغرافيا الصينية التقليدية، وتعميم معارف الجغرافيا البشرية في نفس الوقت، وهو الأمر الذي يترك الأطفال يستكشفون المعنى الثقافي وراء المصطلحات والمفردات الشائعة.
Book
Linking clinical manifestations and causative organisms may provide clues for the treatment of peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis
Introduction
Different initial manifestations of peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis (PDAP) may depend on the type of pathogenic organism. We investigated the association between the clinical characteristics of PDAP and susceptibility to vancomycin and investigated the possibility of using vancomycin monotherapy alone as an initial treatment regimen for some PDAP patients to avoid unnecessary antibiotic exposure and secondary infection.
Methods
Patients with culture-positive PDAP were retrospectively analyzed and divided into two groups: peritonitis with only cloudy effluent (PDAP-cloudy) or with cloudy effluent, abdominal pain and/or fever (PDAP-multi). The bacterial culture of PD effluent and antibiotic sensitivity test results were compared between groups. Logistic regression was used to investigate factors predicting susceptibility to vancomycin.
Results
Of 162 episodes of peritonitis which had a positive bacterial culture of PD fluid, 30 peritonitis were in the PDAP-cloudy group, and 132 peritonitis were in the PDAP-multi group. Thirty (100%) peritonitis in the PDAP-cloudy group had gram-positive bacterial infections, which was significantly greater than that in the PDAP-multi group (51.5%) (
P
< 0.001). Twenty-nine (96.7%) peritonitis in the PDAP-cloudy group were susceptible to vancomycin, compared to 67 (50.8%) in the PDAP-multi group (
P
< 0.001). The specificity of PDAP-cloudy for vancomycin-sensitive peritonitis was 98.48%. Only one patient (3.3%) in the PDAP-cloudy group experienced vancomycin-resistant peritonitis caused by
Enterococcus gallinarum
, which could neither be covered by vancomycin nor by the initial antibiotic regimen recommended by the current ISPD guidelines. The presence of only cloudy effluent was an independent predictor of susceptibility to vancomycin according to multivariate analysis (OR = 27.678, 95% CI 3.191-240.103,
p
= 0.003), in addition to PD effluent WBC counts (OR = 0.988, 95% CI 0.980–0.996,
p
= 0.004), diabetes mellitus (OR = 3.646, 95% CI 1.580–8.416,
p
= 0.002), first episode peritonitis (OR = 0.447, 95% CI 0.207–0.962,
p
= 0.039) and residual renal creatinine clearance (OR = 0.956, 95% CI 0.918–0.995,
p
= 0.027). Addition of these characteristics increased the AUC to 0.813 (95% CI 0.0.749–0.878,
P
< 0.001). The specificity of presenting with only cloudy effluent for vancomycin-sensitive peritonitis was 98.48%.
Conclusions
Cloudy dialysate, as the only symptom at PDAP onset, was an independent predictor of vancomycin-sensitive PDAP, which is an important new insight that may guide the choice of initial antibiotic treatment.
Journal Article
Prediction Model of TBM Disc Cutter Wear During Tunnelling in Heterogeneous Ground
When shield tunnelling is constructed in complex geological conditions using a tunnel boring machine, the disc cutter in the cutterhead easily wears to the failure state, particularly when the ground conditions are heterogeneous. This paper summarises the failure modes of the disc cutter in heterogeneous ground conditions into three categories, based on the observed wear data from field: (1) uniform disc cutter wear, (2) non-uniform disc cutter wear, and (3) breakage of cutter ring. Subsequently, the stress state of a disc cutter in the heterogeneous ground was analysed and the effective factors were investigated. The relationships between friction energy during cutting, working status of the machine and the characteristics of the geological conditions were evaluated. Based on the stress analysis and friction energy, a prediction model was proposed. The proposed model was applied to two field case studies: pertaining to uniform and mixed-face ground conditions, for which the empirical coefficient k for energy transfer was also determined. The preliminary results from this research indicated that the proposed model was valid for both homogeneous and heterogeneous ground conditions. Further case studies provided by co-operators are expected to improve the effectiveness of the proposed model.
Journal Article
Allostatic load in thyroid cancer is higher than that of other cancers: A secondary analysis using NHANES
To compare the levels of allostatic load score (ALS) between thyroid cancer patients and patients with other types of cancer and explore whether ALS mediates the association between thyroid cancer and alterations in physiological function.
This cross-sectional study conducted a secondary analysis of 181 cancer patients using NHANES data from 2007 to 2020, including 91 individuals with thyroid cancer. Generalized linear regression, logistic regression, and sensitivity analysis were used to analyze the association between thyroid cancer and ALS in three different models. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and feature importance analysis were utilized to assess the clinical predictive value of thyroid cancer. We also conducted a series of mediation analyses to examine the mediating role of ALS.
The ALS in thyroid cancer patients was higher than that in other cancer types (P < 0.05). Thyroid cancer was significantly associated with ALS even after adjusting for demographic variables (β = 0.770, 95%CI: 0.315-1.480; OR=2.255, 95%CI: 1.111-4.575). This association remained robust to missing data (all P < 0.05) and was not confounded by drinking, diabetes, or thyroid disease (all P > 0.05). Although thyroid cancer had limited predictive value on ALS, it exerted strong explanatory power. The mediation analysis conducted with imputed data and adjusted for confounding variables revealed that ALS fully mediated the effect of thyroid cancer on red cell distribution width (RDW) (IE: β = 0.103, P = 0.008; DE: β = 0.389, P = 0.056), with a mediation proportion of 20.93%.
Our findings revealed that thyroid cancer condition were associated with elevated AL. AL mediated the relationship between thyroid cancer and RDW.
Journal Article
Oncogenic miR-210-3p promotes prostate cancer cell EMT and bone metastasis via NF-κB signaling pathway
Background
The primary issue arising from prostate cancer (PCa) is its high prevalence to metastasize to bone, which severely affects the quality of life and survival time of PCa patients. miR-210-3p is a well-documented oncogenic miRNA implicated in various aspects of cancer development, progression and metastasis. However, the clinical significance and biological roles of miR-210-3p in PCa bone metastasis remain obscure.
Methods
miR-210-3p expression was evaluated by real-time PCR in 68 bone metastatic and 81 non-bone metastatic PCa tissues. The biological roles of miR-210-3p in the bone metastasis of PCa were investigated both in vitro by EMT and Transwell assays, and in vivo using a mouse model of left cardiac ventricle inoculation. Bioinformatics analysis, real-time PCR, western blot and luciferase reporter analysis were applied to discern and examine the relationship between miR-210-3p and its potential targets. RT-PCR was performed to identify the underlying mechanism of miR-210-3p overexpression in bone metastasis of PCa. Clinical correlation of miR-210-3p with its targets was examined in human PCa and metastatic bone tissues.
Results
miR-210-3p expression is elevated in bone metastatic PCa tissues compared with non-bone metastatic PCa tissues. Overexpression of miR-210-3p positively correlates with serum PSA levels, Gleason grade and bone metastasis status in PCa patients. Upregulating miR-210-3p enhances, while silencing miR-210-3p represses the EMT, invasion and migration of PCa cells in vitro. Importantly, silencing miR-210-3p significantly inhibits bone metastasis of PC-3 cells in vivo. Our results further demonstrate that miR-210-3p maintains the sustained activation of NF-κB signaling via targeting negative regulators of NF-κB signaling (TNF-α Induced Protein 3 Interacting Protein 1) TNIP1 and (Suppressor Of Cytokine Signaling 1) SOCS1, resulting in EMT, invasion, migration and bone metastasis of PCa cells. Moreover, our results further indicate that recurrent gains (amplification) contribute to miR-210-3p overexpression in a small number of PCa patients. The clinical correlation of miR-210-3p with SOCS1, TNIP1 and NF-κB signaling activity is verified in PCa tissues.
Conclusion
Our findings unravel a novel mechanism for constitutive activation of NF-κB signaling pathway in the bone metastasis of PCa, supporting a functional and clinical significance of epigenetic events in bone metastasis of PCa.
Journal Article
Overexpression of lncRNA TCTN2 protects neurons from apoptosis by enhancing cell autophagy in spinal cord injury
Neuronal apoptosis is the main pathological feature of spinal cord injury (SCI), while autophagy contributes to ameliorating neuronal damage via inhibition of apoptosis. Here, we investigated the role of tectonic family member 2 (TCTN2) long non‐coding RNA on apoptosis and autophagy in SCI. TCTN2 was down‐regulated in the spinal cord tissues of a rat model of SCI and in oxygen–glucose deprivation‐induced hypoxic SY‐SH‐5Y cells, while microRNA‐216b (miR‐216b) was up‐regulated. Overexpression of TCTN2 reduced neuron apoptosis by inducing autophagy, and TCTN2 was observed to negatively regulate miR‐216b. Furthermore, TCTN2 promoted autophagy to repress apoptosis through the miR‐216b–Beclin‐1 pathway, and overexpression of TCTN2 improved neurological function in the SCI rat model. In summary, our data suggest that TCTN2 enhances autophagy by targeting the miR‐216b–Beclin‐1 pathway, thereby ameliorating neuronal apoptosis and relieving spinal cord injury. The role of lncRNA TCTN2 in apoptosis and autophagy in spinal cord injury (SCI) was explored. TCTN2 was observed to negatively regulate miR‐216b. TCTN2 reduced neuron apoptosis by inducing autophagy through the miR‐216b–Beclin‐1 pathway, and overexpression of TCTN2 improved neurological function in the SCI rat model. The study demonstrated that TCTN2 showed a neuroprotective role by ameliorating neuronal apoptosis in SCI.
Journal Article
In-orbit operation of an atomic clock based on laser-cooled 87Rb atoms
Atomic clocks based on laser-cooled atoms are widely used as primary frequency standards. Deploying such cold atom clocks (CACs) in space is foreseen to have many applications. Here we present tests of a CAC operating in space. In orbital microgravity, the atoms are cooled, trapped, launched, and finally detected after being interrogated by a microwave field using the Ramsey method. Perturbing influences from the orbital environment on the atoms such as varying magnetic fields and the passage of the spacecraft through Earth’s radiation belt are also controlled and mitigated. With appropriate parameters settings, closed-loop locking of the CAC is realized in orbit and an estimated short-term frequency stability close to 3.0 × 10
−13
τ
−1/2
has been attained. The demonstration of the long-term operation of cold atom clock in orbit opens possibility on the applications of space-based cold atom sensors.
Cold atom clocks are among the most precise measuring devices and play key roles in everyday life and scientific explorations. Here the authors demonstrate the first in-orbit atomic clock using cold Rb atoms operating in microgravity and opening possibilities of space surveys and tests of fundamental physics.
Journal Article