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Silicon heterojunction (HJT) solar cells use hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) to form passivating contacts. To obtain high performance, many crucial applications have been confirmed and introduced. In this work, extensive light soaking (ELS) was used to comprehensively investigate a-Si:H films and HJT solar cells. The enhanced effective minority carrier lifetime ( τ eff ) for c-Si wafers passivated with a-Si:H was achieved via extensive light soaking, and the passivation enhancement can reach saturation in few seconds. It was observed that there was a significant contribution of low thermal annealing (LTA) process, excellently improving the ultimate passivation function of ELS. A comparison of c-Si wafers passivated with different a-Si stacks under various temperatures was examined, and the activation and deactivation performance during repeated extensive light soaking-low thermal annealing cycles was systematically discussed. Finally, the reversibility of efficiency enhancement and degradation in HJT solar cells related to extensive light soaking-low thermal annealing cycles was demonstrated for the first time.

Hematological parameters were evaluated in a feeding trial using one-day-old Hy-Line Brown strain layer chicks supplemented with GroPro, a yeast-based natural feed additive, under open house conditions. A total of 480 chicks were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments with six replicates per treatment (20 birds/replicate) using a Completely Randomized Design. The treatments consisted of a basal diet (T0), and diets supplemented feed additive with 0.2% (T1), 0.5% (T2), and 1.0% (T3) GroPro during seven weeks. At the end of the trial, blood samples were collected from the brachial vein and analyzed for hematological indices. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test when significant differences were detected. The results showed that dietary GroPro significantly (P<0.01) influenced hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH). No significant effect (P>0.05) was observed on mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). The inclusion of 1.0% GroPro resulted in the most favorable hematological profile, indicating improved oxygen-carrying capacity and immune status in starter-phase laying hens.