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"Ren, Jing"
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سفر رجل : رواية
يتناهى إليك الآن صوت قداس بصوت كودالي، وهي امرأة تغني بصحبة الأرغن. فالناس يحتاجون إلى الصلاة كحاجتهم إلى تناول الطعام وممارسة الجنس، ولديك أنت أيضا مشاعر دينية. ليلة أمس، كانت المرأة التي تقطن في الغرفة فوقي تصرخ طوال الوقت. كان شيئا معذبا، مما منع عن جفنيك النوم الليلة بطولها. ومنذ منتصف الليل وحتى الساعة الثالثة، لم تتوقف عن الصراخ واللهاث والتأوه، ثم أطلقت ضحكة عالية. لم تستطع أن تعرف إن كان ما يحدث نشوة أم اغتصاب. في بادئ الأمر، ظننت أن الصوت ينبعث من الغرفة المجاورة، لكنك سمعت أصواتا على الأرضية فوقك، وبدا أنهما كانا يلعبان ألعابا جنسية على أرضية الغرفة، ربما كان نوعا من الاغتصاب الذي حدثتك عنه مارغريث. لكن ماذا يعني لو كان هذا ما يحدث، كان يحدث في غرفة الفندق، ولم يسأل أحد أسئلة. بعدها، سمعت ضحكة، ضحكة شبقة صاخبة أثارت شهوتك. إلا أن قلبك يعيش في سلام الآن، وهناك الأرغن والجوقة الرائعة ذات الأصوات الصادحة.
BOOK
AtU2AF65b functions in abscisic acid mediated flowering via regulating the precursor messenger RNA splicing of ABI5 and FLC in Arabidopsis
In mammalians and yeast, the splicing factor U2AF65/Mud2p functions in precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) processing. Arabidopsis AtU2AF65b encodes a putative U2AF65 but its specific functions in plants are unknown. This paper examines the function of AtU2AF65b as a negative regulator of flowering time in Arabidopsis.
We investigated the expression and function of AtU2AF65b in abscisic acid (ABA)-regulated flowering as well as the transcript abundance and pre-mRNA splicing of flowering-related genes in the knock-out mutants of AtU2AF65b.
The atu2af65b mutants show early-flowering phenotype under both long-day and short-day conditions. The transcript accumulation of the flowering repressor gene FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) is reduced in the shoot apex of atu2af65b, due to both increased intron retention and reduced transcription activation. Reduced transcription of FLC results, at least partially, from the abnormal splicing and reduced transcript abundance of ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE 5 (ABI5), which encodes an activator of FLC in ABA-regulated flowering signaling. Additionally, the expression of AtU2AF65b is promoted by ABA. Transition to flowering and splicing of FLC and ABI5 in the atu2af65b mutants are compromised during ABA-induced flowering.
ABA-responsive AtU2AF65b functions in the pre-mRNA splicing of FLC and ABI5 in shoot apex, whereby AtU2AF65b is involved in ABA-mediated flowering transition in Arabidopsis.
Journal Article
سفر رجل : رواية
يتناهى إليك الآن صوت قداس بصوت كودالي، وهي امرأة تغني بصحبة الأرغن. فالناس يحتاجون إلى الصلاة كحاجتهم إلى تناول الطعام وممارسة الجنس، ولديك أنت أيضا مشاعر دينية. ليلة أمس، كانت المرأة التي تقطن في الغرفة فوقي تصرخ طوال الوقت. كان شيئا معذبا، مما منع عن جفنيك النوم الليلة بطولها. ومنذ منتصف الليل وحتى الساعة الثالثة، لم تتوقف عن الصراخ واللهاث والتأوه، ثم أطلقت ضحكة عالية. لم تستطع أن تعرف إن كان ما يحدث نشوة أم اغتصاب. في بادئ الأمر، ظننت أن الصوت ينبعث من الغرفة المجاورة، لكنك سمعت أصواتا على الأرضية فوقك، وبدا أنهما كانا يلعبان ألعابا جنسية على أرضية الغرفة، ربما كان نوعا من الاغتصاب الذي حدثتك عنه مارغريث. لكن ماذا يعني لو كان هذا ما يحدث، كان يحدث في غرفة الفندق، ولم يسأل أحد أسئلة. بعدها، سمعت ضحكة، ضحكة شبقة صاخبة أثارت شهوتك. إلا أن قلبك يعيش في سلام الآن، وهناك الأرغن والجوقة الرائعة ذات الأصوات الصادحة.
BOOK
Capsule type defines the capability of Klebsiella pneumoniae in evading Kupffer cell capture in the liver
Polysaccharide capsule is the main virulence factor of
K
.
pneumoniae
, a major pathogen of bloodstream infections in humans. While more than 80 capsular serotypes have been identified in
K
.
pneumoniae
, only several serotypes are frequently identified in invasive infections. It is documented that the capsule enhances bacterial resistance to phagocytosis, antimicrobial peptides and complement deposition under
in vitro
conditions. However, the precise role of the capsule in the process of
K
.
pneumoniae
bloodstream infections remains to be elucidated. Here we show that the capsule promotes
K
.
pneumoniae
survival in the bloodstream by protecting bacteria from being captured by liver resident macrophage Kupffer cells (KCs). Our real-time
in vivo
imaging revealed that blood-borne acapsular
K
.
pneumoniae
mutant is rapidly captured and killed by KCs in the liver sinusoids of mice, whereas, to various extents, encapsulated strains bypass the anti-bacterial machinery in a serotype-dependent manner. Using capsule switched strains, we show that certain high-virulence (HV) capsular serotypes completely block KC’s capture, whereas the low-virulence (LV) counterparts confer partial protection against KC’s capture. Moreover, KC’s capture of the LV
K
.
pneumoniae
could be
in vivo
neutralized by free capsular polysaccharides of homologous but not heterologous serotypes, indicating that KCs specifically recognize the LV capsules. Finally, immunization with inactivated
K
.
pneumoniae
enables KCs to capture the HV
K
.
pneumoniae
. Together, our findings have uncovered that KCs are the major target cells of
K
.
pneumoniae
capsule to promote bacterial survival and virulence, which can be reversed by vaccination.
Journal Article
روح مطمئنة
بين الضحك، والبكاء، والبكاء الضاحك تدور حياة الإنسان، ومن هنا تبدأ سطور رواية «روح مطمئنة» تنقل لنا هذا المزج الذي يصنع التجربة والحكمة. تصور هذه الرواية مأساة أن يكون لديك قلب يحمل دفء الأسرة والعائلة، ويصاب ذلك القلب بألم الفقد الذي يجعل من التعامل معه وتخطيه أمرا حتميا لكي تستمر الحياة. الرواية للأديب الصيني : تشو دا شين، وترجمتها عن الصينية : د. شيماء كمال ود. رشا كمال.
BOOK
Microalgae for the production of lipid and carotenoids: a review with focus on stress regulation and adaptation
Microalgae have drawn great attention as promising sustainable source of lipids and carotenoids. Their lipid and carotenoids accumulation machinery can be trigged by the stress conditions such as nutrient limitation or exposure to the damaging physical factors. However, stressful conditions often adversely affect microalgal growth and cause oxidative damage to the cells, which can eventually reduce the yield of the desired products. To overcome these limitations, two-stage cultivation strategies and supplementation of growth-promoting agents have traditionally been utilized, but developing new highly adapted strains is theoretically the simplest strategy. In addition to genetic engineering, adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) is frequently used to develop beneficial phenotypes in industrial microorganisms during long-term selection under specific stress conditions. In recent years, many studies have gradually introduced ALE as a powerful tool to improve the biological properties of microalgae, especially for improving the production of lipid and carotenoids. In this review, strategies for the manipulation of stress in microalgal lipids and carotenoids production are summarized and discussed. Furthermore, this review summarizes the overall state of ALE technology, including available selection pressures, methods, and their applications in microalgae for the improved production of lipids and carotenoids.
Journal Article
Defect Detection Methods for Industrial Products Using Deep Learning Techniques: A Review
Over the last few decades, detecting surface defects has attracted significant attention as a challenging task. There are specific classes of problems that can be solved using traditional image processing techniques. However, these techniques struggle with complex textures in backgrounds, noise, and differences in lighting conditions. As a solution to this problem, deep learning has recently emerged, motivated by two main factors: accessibility to computing power and the rapid digitization of society, which enables the creation of large databases of labeled samples. This review paper aims to briefly summarize and analyze the current state of research on detecting defects using machine learning methods. First, deep learning-based detection of surface defects on industrial products is discussed from three perspectives: supervised, semi-supervised, and unsupervised. Secondly, the current research status of deep learning defect detection methods for X-ray images is discussed. Finally, we summarize the most common challenges and their potential solutions in surface defect detection, such as unbalanced sample identification, limited sample size, and real-time processing.
Journal Article
High‐throughput CRISPRi phenotyping identifies new essential genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae
Genome‐wide screens have discovered a large set of essential genes in the opportunistic human pathogen
Streptococcus pneumoniae
. However, the functions of many essential genes are still unknown, hampering vaccine development and drug discovery. Based on results from transposon sequencing (Tn‐seq), we refined the list of essential genes in
S. pneumoniae
serotype 2 strain D39. Next, we created a knockdown library targeting 348 potentially essential genes by CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) and show a growth phenotype for 254 of them (73%). Using high‐content microscopy screening, we searched for essential genes of unknown function with clear phenotypes in cell morphology upon CRISPRi‐based depletion. We show that SPD_1416 and SPD_1417 (renamed to MurT and GatD, respectively) are essential for peptidoglycan synthesis, and that SPD_1198 and SPD_1197 (renamed to TarP and TarQ, respectively) are responsible for the polymerization of teichoic acid (TA) precursors. This knowledge enabled us to reconstruct the unique pneumococcal TA biosynthetic pathway. CRISPRi was also employed to unravel the role of the essential Clp‐proteolytic system in regulation of competence development, and we show that ClpX is the essential ATPase responsible for ClpP‐dependent repression of competence. The CRISPRi library provides a valuable tool for characterization of pneumococcal genes and pathways and revealed several promising antibiotic targets.
Synopsis
A CRISPRi knockdown library targeting 348 potentially essential genes in
Streptococcus pneumoniae
strain D39, in combination with high‐throughput phenotyping identifies new essential genes involved in cell wall synthesis and in competence regulation.
A CRISPRi knockdown library was constructed targeting 348 potentially essential genes in
Streptococcus pneumoniae
strain D39, as determined by Tn‐seq.
254 out of 348 targeted genes showed growth phenotypes, providing a useful platform for the functional identification of hypothetical genes.
High‐content microscopy allowed linking genotypes with phenotypes and identified TarP and TarQ as being involved in polymerization of teichoic acid precursors.
The essential ATPase ClpX, together with ClpP was shown to regulate competence development.
Graphical Abstract
A CRISPRi knockdown library targeting 348 potentially essential genes in
Streptococcus pneumoniae
strain D39, in combination with high‐throughput phenotyping identifies new essential genes involved in cell wall synthesis and in competence regulation.
Journal Article