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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the liver component of a cluster of conditions, while its subtype, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), emerges as a potentially progressive liver disorder that harbors the risk of evolving into cirrhosis and culminating in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). NASH and cardiovascular disease (CVD) have common risk factors, but compared to liver-related causes, the most common cause of death in NASH patients is CVD. Within the pharmacological armamentarium, statins, celebrated for their lipid-modulating prowess, have now garnered attention for their expansive therapeutic potential in NASH. Evidence from a plethora of studies suggests that statins not only manifest anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic properties but also impart a multifaceted beneficial impact on hepatic health. In this review, we used “statin”, “NAFLD”, “NASH”, and “CVD” as the major keywords and conducted a literature search using the PubMed and Web of Science databases to determine the safety and efficacy of statins in patients and animals with NASH and NAFLD, and the mechanism of statin therapy for NASH. Simultaneously, we reviewed the important role of the intestinal microbiota in statin therapy for NASH, as it is hoped that statins will provide new insights into modulating the harmful inflammatory microbiota in the gut and reducing systemic inflammation in NASH patients.

Background Participating in regular physical activity contributes to significant improvements of quality of life (QOL) in adults. Understanding psychosocial factors that influence physical activity and QOL in working adults may have important implications for future interventions aimed at improving their health. The major purpose of this study was to investigate the psychosocial predictors of physical activity and QOL among Shanghai working adults. Methods Participants were 238 working adults ( M age  = 51.6 ± 5.6) living in Shanghai communities, China. They completed previously validated questionnaires assessing their perceptions of stress, social support from friends, self-efficacy, physical activity, and QOL. Pearson correlations were computed to assess the associations among physical activity, QOL, and psychosocial variables. Path analysis was used to test the predictive strengths of psychosocial factors on physical activity and QOL among Shanghai working adults. Results The results indicated that stress had directly negative relationships on self-efficacy and QOL. Social support had directly positive relationships on self-efficacy, physical activity, and QOL. Physical activity had directly positive relationship on QOL. Self-efficacy and physical activity mediated the influences of stress and social support on QOL. Conclusions: Stress and social support from friends were two important sources of self-efficacy, all of which facilitated more physical activity participation. Lower stress, higher social support, and more physical activity may directly increase QOL among Shanghai working adults. The mediating roles of self-efficacy and physical activity should be taken into account in managing stress and social support in order to promote QOL among Shanghai working adults.

To scientifically and reasonably evaluate air quality with a large amount of monitored data, this paper proposes a new evaluation method called ideal grey close function cluster correlation analysis ( IGCFCCA ). Taking the air quality in Ningxia Province, China, as an example, according to China’s air quality standard, SO 2 , NO 2 , PM 10 , PM 2.5 and O 3 are selected as evaluation indexes to perform the evaluation. The results show that the air quality in this region in 2018 can be divided into three classifications, among which the relatively poor air quality in March, April and May is the first classification, the better air quality in August and September is the third classification, and the air quality in other months falls under the second classification. Correlation analysis is used to qualitatively determine that these three classifications correspond to first-level air quality in China’s air quality standard, and the correlation degree, which is the distance between the three classifications and the first-level air quality, is quantitatively determined. Specifically, the correlation degrees of the first-classification, second-classification and third-classification of air quality are 0.674, 0.697 and 0.71, respectively. The research results indicate potential directions and objectives for air quality management to achieve scientific management.

Plasma-electrochemical tandem conversion with NO x − as intermediates promises a route for renewable ammonia (NH 3 ) synthesis from air and water. However, a critical challenge lies in developing electrolyzers capable of operating efficiently at large current densities. Here, we present a scalable membrane electrode assembly electrolyzer with a full runner design (MEA-FR) that achieves efficient NH 3 production at industrial current densities. Compared to conventional serpentine runner configuration, MEA-FR leveraging forced convection within porous electrodes achieves three-order-of-magnitude enhancement in NO x − mass transfer flux. This design, meanwhile, generates strong shear forces across the porous electrode, promoting rapid detachment of O 2 bubbles at the anode and reducing overpotential losses. Notably, MEA-FR exhibits a high Faradaic efficiency of 91.8 ± 1.4% for NH 3 synthesis at 500 mA cm −2 , significantly outperforming the serpentine runner counterparts (64.9 ± 1.1%). Furthermore, a scaled-up 4 × 25 cm 2 MEA-FR stack with four modular cells is assembled with rotationally symmetric bipolar plates, delivering high NO x − conversion efficiency (>95%), high Faradaic efficiency (>91%), and long-term stability (>200 h) under industrial-relevant current densities. Electrolyzers operating efficiently at industrial current densities offer promise but face challenges for practical NO x −  -to-ammonia conversion. Here, the authors report a full runner electrolyzer stack that enhances mass transfer in porous electrodes for NO x − reduction at high current densities.

This paper discusses the common syntactic errors in Chinese senior high school English writing, explores the causes of their English expression errors, and proposes a writing enhancement plan for senior high school students. Based on the theory of error analysis and the analysis of writing materials, this paper collects relevant data, analyzes the types of transfer errors and interference patterns in writing, and tries to explain the causes of interference syntactic errors in students’ English writing. Although the reasons for the negative transfer of senior high school students are complex and diverse, the efforts of teachers and students can still effectively avoid the formation of negative transfer of English thinking reduction. In English teaching, teachers should strengthen students’ syntactic discrimination ability and syntactic structure through comparative analysis, encourage students to overcome the interference of mother tongue thinking, and cultivate students’ English thinking ability.

The background advertisement exposure parameters (BAEP) forms a premise for sponsorship negotiation and the basis for estimating the sponsorship value of background advertising. Prediction of the BAEP has a great contribution to the sporting events organizers and sponsors in terms of negotiating, decision-making for bidding, and income-generating. Virtual Reality (VR), technology was utilized to construct a virtual three-dimensional model of the sports venue and simulate the telecast of the event. Based on VR technology and computer graphics theory, a pre-event prediction method for estimating the background advertisement exposure parameters of sporting events was put forward. The pre and post measures of the thirty BAEP of televised football games were compared to verify the effectiveness of the prediction method. There was no significant difference between the pre- and post-measurement results for the same football game. The pre- and post-measurement results of the thirty BAEP of televised football games were tightly matched. Using the prediction method can predict the BAEP of televised football games effectively and overcomes the shortcomings of current prediction methods that inhibits the effectiveness of the prediction of exposure parameters due to changes such as the type of the sporting events, the size of the sports venue, the layout of the background advertisements, and the placement of the television cameras, etc.

The conventional tourism demand prediction models are currently facing several challenges due to the excess number of search intensity indices that are used as indicators of tourism demand. In this work, the framework for deep learning-based monthly prediction of the volumes of Macau tourist arrivals was presented. The main objective in this study is to predict the tourism growth via one of the deep learning algorithms of extracting new features. The outcome of this study showed that the performance of the adopted deep learning framework was better than that of artificial neural network and support vector regression models. Practitioners can rely on the identified relevant features from the developed framework to understand the nature of the relationships between the predictive factors of tourist demand and the actual volume of tourist arrival.

A fast lateral line-scan mode in OCT was investigated. The elimination of spherical aberration, the beam mode and the focus of doublet-cylinder-lens, were theoretically analyzed. The parameters and signal characteristics of the confocus microscopy system with doublet-cylinder-lens were analyzed and simulated. The relation between the transverse resolution and the numerical aperture and the depth of focus (DOF) was discussed in the OCT. Our results show that the spherical aberration and the sine aberration are effectively eliminated in the doublet-cylinder-lens with K9-ZF2 glass. The beam is uniformly focused on the arc-sagitta-plane of cylinder lens, and the parallel interference pattern with axial symmetry is in favor of improving transverse resolution. The transverse resolution depends upon the numerical aperture and the DOF. The scanning velocity of doublet-cylinder-lens confocus microscopy system is 103 times faster than the traditional spot-scan, while the transverse resolution is 15μm and the constraints of aperture 50.8 mm. This advanced system will be valuable in real-time imaging to material surface.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for more than 90% of all liver cases and often responds poorly to conventional treatment modalities, including multi-kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Therefore, it is urgent to develop novel therapeutic options for HCC. In this study, we conducted high-throughput screening of histone demethylase inhibitors for HCC treatment. Among the inhibitors examined, Corin significantly suppressed the growth and proliferation of two HCC cell lines, HepG2 and Hep3B cells without affecting non-cancerous cells. Based on the targets of Corin, we identified HDAC1/KDM1A dual-positive HCC as a novel subtype of HCC. Transcriptome profiling indicated that this novel subtype possessed rapid proliferation and high DNA damage repair capacity. Additionally, Corin treatment upregulated FDX1 expression to trigger Cuproptosis, which suppressed HCC proliferation. Conclusively, Corin possesses potential application as a novel and effective therapeutic option for HCC that simultaneously inhibits KDM1A and HDAC1 expression.

BackgroundNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic stress-induced liver injury without alcohol and other definite liver injury factors, which is characterized by diffuse hepatic steatosis and ballooning injury, accompanied by obesity and insulin resistance. However, there are none FDA-approved therapeutic options for NAFLD treatment. Sphingosine kinases (SphKs), SphK1 and SphK2, are key rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of sphingosine to sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). However, the roles of SphK2 in the hepatic lipid metabolism of NAFLD have not been elucidated.MethodsWild-type (SphK2-Flox), hepatocyte-specific SphK2 knockout (SphK2-HKO) mice and SphK2 overexpression mice induced by adeno-associated virus (AAV-SphK2) injection were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) for 20 weeks to induce NAFLD. Lipid metabolomics was used to analyze and screen the differential metabolites significantly affected by hepatocyte SphK2. In addition, coIP, homology modeling and molecular docking were used to construct the three-dimensional structure of proteins, and observe the interaction and binding sites between proteins. The SphK2-Flox and mutant plasmids were transfected and the ubiquitination assay was performed.ResultsHepatocyte SphK2 deficiency markedly aggravated hepatic lipid deposition and steatosis, hepatocellular injury and insulin resistance (IDDF2023-ABS-0114 Figure 1. Hepatocyte specific SphK2 knockout exacerbates HFD induced hepatic steatosis) and promoted intrahepatic triglyceride (TG) deposition induced by high-fat diet (IDDF2023-ABS-0114 Figure 2. Hepatocyte specific SphK2 knockout promotes TG deposition induced by HFD diet). In contrast, SphK2 overexpression markedly reversed the lipid metabolism disorder induced by a high-fat diet (IDDF2023-ABS-0114 Figure 3 Hepatocyte specific SphK2 overexpression improves HFD induced hepatic steatosis). Mechanistically, hepatocyte SphK2 competes with Constitutive Photomorphogenic Protein 1 (COP1) via its H335 to occupy the VP motif of ATGL to prevent COP1 from binding to adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), thereby inhibiting ubiquitination degradation of ATGL and up-regulating the protein expression of ATGL (IDDF2023-ABS-0114 Figure 4 SphK2 competes with COP1 to inhibit ubiquitination degradation of ATGL).ConclusionsThese data demonstrated that hepatocyte SphK2 competitively binds ATGL with COP1, inhibits ATGL ubiquitination, and accelerates TG degradation in hepatocytes, thereby maintaining the homeostasis of lipid metabolism and improving NAFLD. Targeting hepatocyte SphK2 activation is a promising therapeutic strategy for NAFLD treatment.Abstract IDDF2023-ABS-0114 Figure 1Hepatocyte specific SphK2 knockout exacerbates HFD induced hepatic steatosisAbstract IDDF2023-ABS-0114 Figure 2Hepatocyte specific SphK2 knockout promotes TG deposition induced by HFD dietAbstract IDDF2023-ABS-0114 Figure 3Hepatocyte specific SphK2 overexpression improves HFD induced hepatic steatosisAbstract IDDF2023-ABS-0114 Figure 4SphK2 competes with COP1 to inhibit ubiquitination degradation of ATGL