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Structural health monitoring (SHM) represents a type of techniques that enables the monitoring of structural motion of a building structure during external loading such as earthquakes. SHM always provides the in-depth understanding of the severity and location of damage to a structure without requiring visual structural inspection. In this research, it proposes a data-driven approach for building structural health monitoring based on data collected from Shake Table tests. Experimental data from shake table experiments has been utilized and analyzed. Fast Fourier Transformation is employed to extract the SHM related data-features. Engineers are also invited to label the ground truth risk levels according to the observation from the shake table test. A data-driven classifier namely extreme learning machine is introduced to classify the structural risk based on the extracted features. Comparison is performed with other state-of-art machine-learning classification algorithms. Numerical experiments validates the effectiveness, efficiency, and universality of the proposed method.

In order to obtain lower coal seam mining of roof breaking characteristic and the law of mine pressure appearance in the close distance coal seams, this paper takes working face 6101 of a mine as the engineering background, and studies the roof breaking characteristics and pressure law in close distance coal seam through theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and engineering verification, which provides the basis for roof control in lower coal seam mining. The results show that the maximum failure depth of 4# coal seam mining on floor is 8.28 m. The lower coal seam mining roof forms a “loose-block” structure, and the main roof fracture step distance is 44.61 m. The UDEC simulation shows that the initial weighting intensity of 6# coal seam is large, and the first weighting distance step is about 40 m. The hydraulic support with the highest working resistance should be chosen based on the roof pressure analysis, and the weighting is frequent. The hydraulic support with higher working resistance should be selected through the analysis of roof pressure, some control measures should be taken to strengthen the organization and management, and prevent the occurrence of roof disasters. The roof is effectively controlled through engineering verification. The study further recognizes the laws of mining pressure appearance in lower coal seam of close distance coal seam, and provides experience for similar mine mining.

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is an inducible disease resistance phenomenon in plant species, providing plants with broad-spectrum resistance to secondary pathogen infections beyond the initial infection site. In Arabidopsis , SAR can be triggered by direct pathogen infection or treatment with the phytohormone salicylic acid (SA), as well as its analogues 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA) and benzothiadiazole (BTH). The SA receptor non-expressor of pathogenesis-related protein gene 1 (NPR1) protein serves as a key regulator in controlling SAR signaling transduction. Similarly, in common wheat ( Triticum aestivum ), pathogen infection or treatment with the SA analogue BTH can induce broad-spectrum resistance to powdery mildew, leaf rust, Fusarium head blight, and other diseases. However, unlike SAR in the model plant Arabidopsis or rice, SAR-like responses in wheat exhibit unique features and regulatory pathways. The acquired resistance (AR) induced by the model pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000 is regulated by NPR1 , but its effects are limited to the adjacent region of the same leaf and not systemic. On the other hand, the systemic immunity (SI) triggered by Xanthomonas translucens pv. cerealis ( Xtc ) or Pseudomonas syringae pv. japonica ( Psj ) is not controlled by NPR1 or SA, but rather closely associated with jasmonate (JA), abscisic acid (ABA), and several transcription factors. Furthermore, the BTH-induced resistance (BIR) partially depends on NPR1 activation, leading to a broader and stronger plant defense response. This paper provides a systematic review of the research progress on SAR in wheat, emphasizes the key regulatory role of NPR1 in wheat SAR, and summarizes the potential of pathogenesis-related protein ( PR ) genes in genetically modifying wheat to enhance broad-spectrum disease resistance. This review lays an important foundation for further analyzing the molecular mechanism of SAR and genetically improving broad-spectrum disease resistance in wheat.

To enhance the mechanical properties of bamboo-reinforced concrete slabs, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% of steel fibers (SF) were added to C30 bamboo-reinforced concrete slabs to produce two test groups, each containing 12 slabs. One group was tested under static loads, and the other under impact loads. In each group, the slab thickness was set to 50 mm, 65 mm, and 80 mm, and the steel fiber dosages were 0%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%. While existing studies on bamboo-reinforced concrete slabs (BRCS) have primarily focused on static flexural behavior, and research on steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) has mainly addressed fiber network effects in plain or steel-reinforced matrices, the synergistic mechanism between bamboo and SF in steel fiber-reinforced bamboo-reinforced concrete slabs (SFRBCS) under dynamic impact loading remains unexplored. This study innovatively combines bamboo’s elastic energy absorption with SF’s plastic energy dissipation. Static load and drop hammer impact tests were carried out in each group to study the mechanical properties of SFRBCS under static and dynamic loads. The test results show that: under static load, adding SF transforms the failure mode of the slab from brittle shear failure to ductile bending failure, increases the ultimate load, and delays the development of the main crack. Under the action of impact loads, bamboo absorbs impact energy through elastic deformation, while SF dissipates energy through plastic deformation. The combined effect of the two significantly slows down the development speed of cracks. The slab with 80 mm thick and 2% SF dosage exhibits excellent impact ductility. Based on theoretical analysis and tests, the corresponding correction coefficients are introduced to establish the bearing capacity calculation model of SFRBCS under uniformly distributed loads, considering the synergistic effect of the mechanical properties of bamboo and the reinforcing effect of SF. The combination of 1.5% SF dosage and 80 mm slab thickness can effectively enhance the material utilization rate (defined as the ratio of the increment in ultimate bearing capacity to the increment in steel fiber dosage). Test and calculation models provide a theoretical basis for the design and application of SFRBCS, which is applicable to engineering fields such as low-rise buildings and temporary structures.

Polypropylene (EPP) concrete offers advantages such as low density and good thermal insulation properties, but its relatively low strength limits its engineering applications. Waste steel fibers (WSFs) obtained during the sorting and processing of machining residues can be incorporated into EPP concrete (EC) to enhance its strength and toughness. Using the volume fractions of EPP and WSF as variables, specimens of EPP concrete (EC) and waste steel fiber-reinforced EPP concrete (WSFREC) were prepared and subjected to cube compressive strength tests, splitting tensile strength tests, and four-point flexural strength tests. The results indicate that EPP particles significantly improve the toughness of concrete but inevitably lead to a considerable reduction in strength. The incorporation of WSF substantially enhanced the splitting tensile strength and flexural strength of EC, with increases of at least 37.7% and 34.5%, respectively, while the improvement in cube compressive strength was relatively lower at only 23.6%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) and WSF surface morphology in WSFREC revealed that the addition of EPP particles introduces more defects in the concrete matrix. However, the inclusion of WSF promotes the formation of abundant hydration products on the fiber surface, mitigating matrix defects, improving the bond between WSF and the concrete matrix, effectively inhibiting crack propagation, and enhancing both the strength and toughness of the concrete.

In order to explore the axial compression performance of external steel rib ring restraint waste-steel-fiber-reinforced concrete-filled steel tubes (ERWCFSTs), 18 short-column axial compression tests were conducted. The effects of the number of rib rings, rib ring spacing, rib ring setting position, and waste steel fiber (WSF) content on the axial compression performance of the columns were analyzed. The results show that the concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) short columns with rib rings were strengthened, the specimens were mainly characterized by drum-shaped failure, and the buckling was concentrated between the rib rings. Without rib ring specimens, the steel tube is unable to resist the rapid increase in lateral expansion, leading to buckling initiation near the bottom of the specimens. The columns with rib rings exhibited a minimum increase of 32.5% and a maximum increase of 53.17% in load-bearing capacity compared to those without rib rings, with an average improvement of 37.78%. The columns achieved the best ductility when the rib ring spacing was 50 mm. When the rib ring spacing remained constant, columns with a number of rib rings no less than the height-to-diameter ratio (H/D) demonstrated more uniform stress distribution and optimal confinement effects. For a fixed number of rib rings, specimens with rib ring spacing between H/8 and H/4 showed significant improvements in both load-bearing capacity and ductility. The confinement effect was better when the rib rings were positioned in the middle of the column height rather than near the ends. The incorporation of WSF resulted in a minimum increase of 2.86% and a maximum increase of 10.49% in column load-bearing capacity, indicating limited enhancement. However, WSF improved the ductility performance of the columns by at least 10%. Combined with theoretical analysis and experimental data, a formula for calculating the bearing capacity of ERWCFSTs was established.

Computer-based wargames provide an experimental platform for studying cognitive antecedents and behavioral outcomes in dynamic scenarios. Our study examines how achievement motivation influence wargame players’ performance through the mechanism of creativity. In Study 1, we simplified the achievement motivation scale and revised the creativity scale for wargame contexts in China. After collecting data from students and wargame players (N1 = 300, N2 = 347), we validate their reliability and validity using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Study 2 (N3 = 171) applied these validated scales to analyze the mechanism of creativity between achievement motivation and wargame performance. The results in Study 1 demonstrated that the refined two scales exhibited strong reliability and structural validity. The findings of Study 2 revealed that two types of motivation had different influences on wargame performance. The motivation of hope of success indirectly enhanced wargame performance through increased creativity. In contrast, the motivation of fear of failure reduced creativity and then negatively influenced overall results. Our study advances understanding of achievement motivation in dynamic gaming environments, suggesting that enhancing motivation of hope of success, decreasing motivation of fear of failure, and improving creativity may optimize performance to be more effective.

Microcirculatory dysfunction leads to a number of diseases and worsen prognosis. Blood-activating drugs like capsule may improve circulation, but its pharmacological effects in microcirculatory dysfunction remain unclear. The purpose of this study is to determine the pharmacological effect of capsules in treating microcirculatory dysfunction. Adrenaline and icy water stimuli were used to establish a rat model of acute microcirculatory dysfunction. Detecting laser speckle contrast imaging, coagulation function, hemorheology, and the Elisa assay were conducted to investigate the effect of capsule on microcirculation in rats. In addition, the untargeted metabolomics was applied to character the therapeutic effect of systematically from the perspective of endogenous terminal metabolites. Laser speckle contrast imaging showed that model rats suffered low perfusion in ears, feet and tails, and capsule treatment increased microcirculatory blood flow. capsule diminished the reduction of thrombin time, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and the elevated fibrinogen level caused by acute microcirculatory dysfunction. capsule could recover the increased blood viscosity as well as the abnormal vasomotor and microcirculation function in model rats. Furthermore, capsule intervention could alter metabolic state in model rats, which was characterized by the abnormality metabolites mainly in pathway of phospholipids and arachidonic acid metabolism. The macroscopic image and microscopic indicators elucidated that capsule was highly effective against microcirculatory dysfunction. The present study provided a new perspective on the clinical application of capsule, and contributed to explore novel therapeutic drug against microcirculatory dysfunction.

Agrostis stolonifera L., commonly known as creeping bentgrass, is an important cool-season turfgrass used in landscaping and sports fields. However, creeping bentgrass is prone to various diseases, including dollar spot, brown patch, and bacterial yellowing, during its maintenance, leading to significant degradation in turf quality, esthetics, and greening functions, resulting in substantial losses in turfgrass production and management. On the other hand, extreme environmental conditions such as high temperatures, drought, and salinity have also caused a decline in the quality of creeping bentgrass. Moreover, creeping bentgrass has a moderately sized genome and is easy to genetically transform, making it an ideal model system for studying grass stress biology. This article provides an overview of the major diseases and stressors in the management of creeping bentgrass and proposes future research directions for the disease resistance and stress tolerance of creeping bentgrass.

Maltotetraose amylase (Mta) catalyzes the hydrolysis of amylaceous polysaccharides into maltotetraose, which is an important functional sugar used in the food industry. However, the lack of efficient expression systems for recombinant Mta has hindered its scale-up production and application. In this study, a codon-optimized mta gene from Pseudomonas saccharophila was efficiently produced in Bacillus subtilis by optimizing the regulatory elements. First, a plasmid library containing 173 different signal peptide sequences placed upstream of mta gene was constructed, and transformed into B. subtilis strain WB800N(amyEΔ1) for high-throughput screening. The signal peptide yhcR was found to significantly enhance the secretion of Mta, reaching an activity of 75.4 U/mL in the culture medium. After optimization of the promoters, the Mta activity was further increased to 100.3 U/mL using a dual-promoter PHpaIIPamyE. Finally, the carbon sources and nitrogen sources for recombinant Mta production were optimized, yielding a highest Mta activity of 288.9 U/mL under the optimal culture conditions. The crude enzyme solution containing recombinant Mta produced a highest maltotetraose yield of 70.3% with 200 g/L of maltodextrin as the substrate. Therefore, the present study have demonstrated a high yield of Mta produced in B. subtilis, laying the foundation for large-scale Mta production and application.