Explore the vast range of titles available.

Landslide prediction is one of the complicated topics recognized by the global scientific community. The research on landslide susceptibility prediction is vitally important to mitigate and prevent landslide disasters. The instability and complexity of the landslide system can cause uncertainty in the prediction process and results. Although there are many types of models for landslide susceptibility prediction, they still do not have a unified theoretical basis or accuracy test standard. In the past, models were mainly subjectively selected and determined by researchers, but the selection of models based on subjective experience often led to more significant uncertainty in the prediction process and results. To improve the universality of the model and the reliability of the prediction accuracy, it is urgent to systematically summarize and analyze the performance of different models to reduce the impact of uncertain factors on the prediction results. For this purpose, this paper made extensive use of document analysis and data mining tools for the bibliometric and knowledge mapping analysis of 600 documents collected by two data platforms, Web of Science and Scopus, in the past 40 years. This study focused on the uncertainty analysis of four key research subfields (namely disaster-causing factors, prediction units, model space data sets, and prediction models), systematically summarized the difficulties and hotspots in the development of various landslide prediction models, discussed the main problems encountered in these four subfields, and put forward some suggestions to provide references for further improving the prediction accuracy of landslide disaster susceptibility.

The development of Portunus trituberculatus egg cells is directly related to the nutritional status of the fertilized egg, which affects the key production stages of offspring hatching. Vitellogenin plays a key role in the nutrient supply required for the development of the egg cells. The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is an important member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) superfamily and plays an important role in cell proliferation, transformation, differentiation, and apoptosis. At present, there are no reports on the involvement of the JNK signaling pathway in the reproductive regulation of P. trituberculatus. In this study, rapid amplification of complementary DNA ends amplification technology was used to clone the full length of JNK complementary DNA, which has a length of 2094 bp, including an open reading frame (ORF) of 1266 bp encoding a 421-amino acid protein. The protein includes the S_TKC conserved domain with a TPY phosphorylation site, which is a typical feature of the JNK gene family. Observing tissue sections found the oocytes in the inhibitor group developed slowly, while the oocytes in the activated group showed accelerated development. Meanwhile, Portunus trituberculatus JNK and vitellogenin (Vg) genes exhibited the same trend in the hepatopancreas and ovaries, and the expression of the SP600125 group was downregulated (P < 0.05), while the anisomycin group was upregulated (P < 0.05). In addition, JNK enzyme activity and vitellin (Vn) content in the ovarian tissue showed that the JNK activity of the SP600125 group decreased, while activity increased in the anisomycin group. The accumulation of Vn content in the SP600125 group decreased, and that in the anisomycin group increased. In summary, after injection with inhibitor or activator, the JNK signaling pathway of P. trituberculatus was inhibited or activated, the accumulation of Vn in the ovary was reduced or increased, and ovarian development was inhibited or accelerated, respectively. These results indicated that the JNK signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of Vg synthesis and ovarian development in P. trituberculatus. The results of this study further add to the knowledge of the breeding biology of P. trituberculatus and provide a theoretical reference for the optimization of breeding techniques in aquaculture production systems.

Pueraria montana is a medicinal and edible plant widely distributed in Asia. It has antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, a novel polysaccharide (PMPS-A1) was obtained through purification, and its biological activity was investigated. Structural analysis revealed that PMPS-A1 was composed of fructose and glucose, with a molecular weight of 12168 Da. The main chain structure was →1)-β-D-Fruf-(2→, →4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, and →4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→. The branched chain of α-D-Glcp-(1→3)-α-D-Glcp-(1→ and α-D-Glcp-(1→ connected to the O-3 and O-6 positions of residue →3,4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→ and →4,6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, respectively. In vitro, PMPS-A1 had a favorable scavenging ability of the hydroxyl radical and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and downregulated the expression of interleukin-6 and nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. In addition, the Caenorhabditis model assay demonstrated that PMPS-A1 decreased the buildup of lipofuscin and reactive oxygen species. Overall, these results enhance our knowledge of the chemical composition and bioactivity of a Pueraria montana polysaccharide and point to the potential use of PMPS-A1 for antioxidant and anti-aging qualities, providing a theoretical basis for the medicinal and edible application of Pueraria montana polysaccharide.

An 8 weeks trial was performed to test the effects of light spectra [full-spectrum, violet (405 nm), blue (470 nm), cyan (500 nm), green (525 nm), yellow (570 nm), and red (625 nm)] on growth performance, molting, antioxidant capacity, stress response and expression of molting, and apoptosis-related genes in Scylla paramamosain . Results showed that spectrum had a significant effect on S. paramamosain physiology. Compared to blue light, crabs exposed to violet light had a significantly lower survival rate (79.5 ± 3.6% vs. 94.9 ± 3.6%), weight gain (49.2 ± 5.4 vs. 67.6 ± 6.7), molt frequency (4.2 ± 0.2 vs. 4.5 ± 0.1), and extended intermolt intervals between instar 1 and 2 stages (C1–C2) (6.3 ± 0.3 vs. 5.0 ± 0.1 days). Expression of the molt-inhibiting hormone ( mih ) gene was upregulated in crabs reared under violet light. According to the regression analysis, maximum SGR would be at 449.97 nm. Crabs exposed to blue light also had lower melatonin levels than under full-spectrum and lower cortisol levels than violet and yellow groups. Regarding oxidative stress, crabs in full-spectrum had lower H 2 O 2 and MDA contents, however, no significant difference was found in total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in hepatopancreas from crabs under different spectra. Gene expression of hsp40 , hsp70 , hsp90 were down-regulated in crabs exposed to the full-spectrum light group. Regarding apoptosis-related genes, bcl-2 gene expression in crabs under cyan and the cox IV and caspase 3 in green were upregulated, suggesting cyan light may inhibit, while green light may promote apoptosis. Taken together, these results suggest that blue or cyan light would promote growth performance, while full-spectrum light could reduce stress response in S. paramamosain .

In this study, we added LDN-193189 2HCL to inhibit the BMP signaling pathway in Scylla paramamosain and then explored the function of this pathway in molting through the changes in the growth performance and molt-related gene expression. The study findings indicated that the expression of ACVR1, BMPRIB, and Smad1 in Scylla paramamosain was suppressed when the LDN-193189 2HCL concentration in the culture water was 2 µm/L. Subsequently, following a 30-day experiment, there was a significant reduction in the molting frequency, growth rate, and body size of the S. paramamosain larvae. An analysis of the BMP pathway gene expression during the molting phase revealed that the BMP2, BMPR2, and Smad1 genes displayed cyclic expression patterns, while ACVR1, BMP7, and BMPRIB maintained consistent expression levels throughout the molting cycle. Additionally, the expression levels of BMP2, BMPR2, and Smad1 in the inhibition group were significantly lower compared to those in the control group. Furthermore, the inhibition of the BMP pathway led to an increase in the expression of MIH during the intermolt period and a decrease in the expression of EcR during the premolt period. These findings demonstrate that the BMP signaling pathway affects the molting of Scylla paramamosain juvenile crabs by influencing the expression of the critical genes MIH and ECR during molting, offering valuable data for functional research on the BMP signaling pathway in crustaceans.

The wingless-related integration site (WNT) proteins are a family of secreted glycoproteins that are evolutionarily conserved and are believed to be involved in evolution in vertebrates and invertebrates. WNT signaling pathways may be associated with limb regeneration and development in crustaceans. However, the detail mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, the distribution of WNT4 in the hepatopancreasmuscle, hemocyte, ganglion, heart, eyestalk, gill tissue, and different larvae development stages of the swimming crab ( Portunus trituberculatus ) were characterized using immunofluorescence, real-time PCR, and Western blotting. Significant PtWNT4 expression was detected in heart and eyestalk. In addition- PtWNT4 was expressed in all larval stages of P. trituberculatus with a dynamic expression pattern, especially in the eyestalk and other organs in the carapace area. The injection of WNT4 dsRNA into regenerative limbs significantly decreased PtWNT4 mRNA levels in the eyestalk, heart, and muscle, resulting in 1.9-fold, 2.2-fold, and 2.7-fold decreases compared with those detected in the group injected with crab saline ( P <0.05), respectively, indicating successful gene silencing. Overall, expression analysis on the WNT4 using RNAi provides an insight to its functional mechanism during limb regeneration in P. trituberculatus. The results not only demonstrated the requirement for WNT4 in limb regeneration of Crustaceans, but also suggested its ability to promote larval development at specific stages.

To investigate the morphological traits of different sexes during the early development stage of the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus, the genetic sex of 405 crablets from stages C I–V was determined using sex-linked molecular markers. The external appearance of each crab was observed, and the morphological traits, including carapace length (CL), full carapace width (FCW), abdomen width (AW), and abdomen length (AL), were measured to compare the differences between the sexes and to develop non-intrusive methods for sex identification. The genetic sex identification demonstrated that the female-to-male sex ratio at each stage did not deviate from 1:1. The gonopores of the females were first observed at stage C I using a scanning electron microscope; however, the shape difference in the abdominal flap between the sexes from stages C I to stage C V were not observed under a dissecting microscope. Correlation analysis showed that AW3 and AW4 were significantly correlated with sex at stage C V. Three methods were used to predict the sex of the crablets according to the morphological measurements; among them, the multinomial logistic regression (MLR) model performed better than the threshold method or the stepwise discriminant analysis, and the accuracy at stage C V increased to 90% when detailed abdominal parameters were included. These results indicate that it is feasible to predict sex during the early development stages of P. trituberculatus through morphometric and geometric parameters, which would be helpful for the creation of monosex populations of this species.

An eight-week experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of eight light intensities (0, 0.83, 1.61, 8.17, 15.89, 31.38, 63.69, and 124.31 μmol m -2 s -1 ) on the survival, growth, antioxidant, molting-related and apoptosis-related gene expression of juvenile swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus . The results showed that the survival rate of crabs was the highest under the light intensities of 8.17 and 15.89 μmol m -2 s -1 . Under this light intensity, the crabs had the lowest hemolymph glucose (GLU) but the highest triglyceride (TG) content. The crabs in these treatments also had the highest total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities, and the lowest malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The growth performance (including weight gain and specific growth rate) and molting frequency of crabs increased with increasing light intensity. The improved growth performance and molting of 8.17 and 15.89 μmol m -2 s -1 groups were also accompanied by up-regulated of the retinoid-X receptor ( rxr ), ecdysone receptor ( ecr ), nuclear receptor E75 ( e75 ) gene expression, and down-regulated molt-inhibiting hormone ( mih ) gene expression. In addition, suboptimal light intensity (0, 0.83, 63.69, and 124.31 μmol m -2 s -1 ) significantly up-regulated the expression of apoptosis-related genes including c-Jun N-terminal kinase ( jnk ), tumor suppressor p53 ( p53 ), and B-cell lymphoma-2 ( bcl-2 ). Taken together, the suitable light intensity for the juvenile P. trituberculatus was estimated to be 9.96 μmol m -2 s -1 .

Swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus is a vital crab species in coastal areas of China. In this study, an individual re-identification method based on Pyramidal Feature Fusion Model (PFFM) for P. trituberculatus was proposed. This method took the carapace texture of P. trituberculatus as a “biological fingerprint” and extracted carapace texture features, including global features and local features, to identify P. trituberculatus . Furthermore, this method utilized a weight adaptive module to improve re-identification (ReID) accuracy for the P. trituberculatus individuals with the incomplete carapace. To strengthen the discrimination of the extracted features, triplet loss was adopted in the model training process to improve the effectiveness of P. trituberculatus ReID. Furthermore, three experiments, i.e., PFFM on the effect of pyramidal model, P. trituberculatus features analysis, and comparisons to the State-of-the-Arts, were carried out to evaluate PFFM performance. The results showed that the mean average precision (mAP) and Rank-1 values of the proposed method reached 93.2 and 93% in the left half occlusion case, and mAP and Rank-1 values reached 71.8 and 75.4% in the upper half occlusion case. By using the experiments, the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method were verified.

Liu and Sen (2010 Geophysics 75 A1-6; 2012 Geophys. Prospect. 60 1114-32) proposed an efficient hybrid scheme to significantly absorb boundary reflections for acoustic and elastic wave modelling in the time domain. In this paper, we extend the hybrid absorbing boundary condition (ABC) into the frequency domain and develop specific strategies for regular-grid and staggered-grid modelling, respectively. Numerical modelling tests of acoustic, visco-acoustic, elastic and vertically transversely isotropic (VTI) equations show significant absorptions for frequency-domain modelling. The modelling results of the Marmousi model and the salt model also demonstrate the effectiveness of the hybrid ABC. For elastic modelling, the hybrid Higdon ABC and the hybrid Clayton and Engquist (CE) ABC are implemented, respectively. Numerical simulations show that the hybrid Higdon ABC gets better absorption than the hybrid CE ABC, especially for S-waves. We further compare the hybrid ABC with the classical perfectly matched layer (PML). Results show that the two ABCs cost the same computation time and memory space for the same absorption width. However, the hybrid ABC is more effective than the PML for the same small absorption width and the absorption effects of the two ABCs gradually become similar when the absorption width is increased.