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26 result(s) for "Restrepo, Bibiana"
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An Update on Psychopharmacological Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder
While behavioral interventions remain the mainstay of treatment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), several potential targeted treatments addressing the underlying neurophysiology of ASD have emerged in the last few years. These are promising for the potential to, in future, become part of the mainstay treatment in addressing the core symptoms of ASD. Although it is likely that the development of future targeted treatments will be influenced by the underlying heterogeneity in etiology, associated genetic mechanisms influencing ASD are likely to be the first targets of treatments and even gene therapy in the future for ASD. In this article, we provide a review of current psychopharmacological treatment in ASD including those used to address common comorbidities of the condition and upcoming new targeted approaches in autism management. Medications including metformin, arbaclofen, cannabidiol, oxytocin, bumetanide, lovastatin, trofinetide, and dietary supplements including sulforophane and N-acetylcysteine are discussed. Commonly used medications to address the comorbidities associated with ASD including atypical antipsychotics, serotoninergic agents, alpha-2 agonists, and stimulant medications are also reviewed. Targeted treatments in Fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most common genetic disorder leading to ASD, provide a model for new treatments that may be helpful for other forms of ASD.
The Autism Phenome Project: Toward Identifying Clinically Meaningful Subgroups of Autism
One of the most universally accepted facts about autism is that it is heterogenous. Individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder have a wide range of behavioral presentations and a variety of co-occurring medical and mental health conditions. The identification of more homogenous subgroups is likely to lead to a better understanding of etiologies as well as more targeted interventions and treatments. In 2006, we initiated the UC Davis MIND Institute Autism Phenome Project (APP) with the overarching goal of identifying clinically meaningful subtypes of autism. This ongoing longitudinal multidisciplinary study now includes over 400 children and involves comprehensive medical, behavioral, and neuroimaging assessments from early childhood through adolescence (2 to 19 years of age). We have employed several strategies to identify sub-populations within autistic individuals: subgrouping by neural, biological, behavioral or clinical characteristics as well as by developmental trajectories. In this Mini Review, we summarize findings to date from the APP cohort and describe progress made towards identifying meaningful subgroups of autism.
Associations of preschool reactive bed-sharing with sociodemographic factors, sleep disturbance, and psychopathology
Objective To advance understanding of early childhood bed-sharing and its clinical significance, we examined reactive bed-sharing rates, sociodemographic correlates, persistence, and concurrent and longitudinal associations with sleep disturbances and psychopathology. Methods Data from a representative cohort of 917 children (mean age 3.8 years) recruited from primary pediatric clinics in a Southeastern city for a preschool anxiety study were used. Sociodemographics and diagnostic classifications for sleep disturbances and psychopathology were obtained using the Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment (PAPA), a structured diagnostic interview administered to caregivers. A subsample of 187 children was re-assessed approximately 24.7 months after the initial PAPA interview. Results Reactive bed-sharing was reported by 38.4% of parents, 22.9% nightly and 15.5% weekly, and declined with age. At follow-up, 48.9% of nightly bed-sharers and 88.7% of weekly bed-sharers were no longer bed-sharing. Sociodemographics associated with nightly bed-sharing were Black and (combined) American Indian, Alaska Native and Asian race and ethnicity, low income and parent education less than high school. Concurrently, bed-sharing nightly was associated with separation anxiety and sleep terrors; bed-sharing weekly was associated with sleep terrors and difficulty staying asleep. No longitudinal associations were found between reactive bed-sharing and sleep disturbances or psychopathology after controlling for sociodemographics, baseline status of the outcome and time between interviews. Conclusions Reactive bed-sharing is relatively common among preschoolers, varies significantly by sociodemographic factors, declines during the preschool years and is more persistent among nightly than weekly bed-sharers. Reactive bed-sharing may be an indicator of sleep disturbances and/or anxiety but there is no evidence that bed-sharing is an antecedent or consequence of sleep disturbances or psychopathology.
Itinerarios burocráticos de mujeres cuidadoras en el sistema de salud en el contexto de la pobreza oculta en Teusaquillo, Bogotá, Colombia
Introducción. Este artículo explora, con enfoque etnográfico, las dificultades en el acceso a los servicios de salud dentro del contexto de la pobreza oculta en la localidad de Teusaquillo, Bogotá, Colombia. Objetivo. Reconstruir y analizar los itinerarios burocráticos dentro del Sistema General de Seguridad Social en Salud en casos de vulneración del derecho a la salud en sujetos identificados como pobres ocultos o vulnerables residentes en esta localidad. Métodos. Se realizaron experiencias de observación participante, entrevistas y análisis documental. Resultados. Se observan las complejas asociaciones que se dan en el proceso de coproducción de la realidad, la de los sujetos precarizados o pobres ocultos y su acceso a la salud. Conclusiones. Se reconocen las trayectorias de precarización, así como las narrativas que develan la pobreza oculta en sus múltiples manifestaciones e intersecciones de clase, edad, género y trabajo del cuidado.
Calidad de la atención en salud con enfoque de género en MujerESalud, la estrategia de atención integral en salud de Bogotá
Objetivo: Identificar las percepciones que el personal de salud y las mujeres usuarias tienen acerca de la calidad de la atención en salud con enfoque de género en la estrategia “Servicios Integrales de Atención en Salud” (MujerESalud), implementada por la Secretaría Distrital de Salud de Bogotá en 2023, para brindar atención integral en salud a las mujeres de la ciudad, en el marco de las iniciativas, políticas y programas derivados del Plan Distrital de Desarrollo 2020-2024 “Un nuevo contrato social y ambiental para la Bogotá del siglo XXI”. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de enfoque cualitativo, de diseño fenomenológico, de alcance descriptivo y narrativo. Se entrevistó a 44 personas, entre gestores, personal de salud y usuarias de nueve centros de atención de Bogotá en donde se implementó la estrategia. Resultados: La experiencia fue positiva para las mujeres usuarias, así como para el personal vinculado a la estrategia. No obstante, también se identificaron algunas oportunidades de mejora y barreras que se deben eliminar para garantizar una mejor calidad y acceso a los servicios de salud de las mujeres de la capital. Conclusión: La estrategia MujerESalud logró mejorar la calidad de atención con enfoque de género entre las beneficiadas, mediante la asignación de citas por medicina general y enfermería en un plazo menor a tres días y la capacitación del personal de salud en atención con enfoque de género. Asimismo, logró articularse con la oferta de servicios de las Manzanas del Cuidado. No obstante, futuras experiencias requieren ampliar la oferta de servicios, para lograr la atención integral en salud, oportuna y resolutiva para las mujeres.
Meta-analysis and multidisciplinary consensus statement: exome sequencing is a first-tier clinical diagnostic test for individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders
Purpose For neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), etiological evaluation can be a diagnostic odyssey involving numerous genetic tests, underscoring the need to develop a streamlined algorithm maximizing molecular diagnostic yield for this clinical indication. Our objective was to compare the yield of exome sequencing (ES) with that of chromosomal microarray (CMA), the current first-tier test for NDDs. Methods We performed a PubMed scoping review and meta-analysis investigating the diagnostic yield of ES for NDDs as the basis of a consensus development conference. We defined NDD as global developmental delay, intellectual disability, and/or autism spectrum disorder. The consensus development conference included input from genetics professionals, pediatric neurologists, and developmental behavioral pediatricians. Results After applying strict inclusion/exclusion criteria, we identified 30 articles with data on molecular diagnostic yield in individuals with isolated NDD, or NDD plus associated conditions (such as Rett-like features). Yield of ES was 36% overall, 31% for isolated NDD, and 53% for the NDD plus associated conditions. ES yield for NDDs is markedly greater than previous studies of CMA (15–20%). Conclusion Our review demonstrates that ES consistently outperforms CMA for evaluation of unexplained NDDs. We propose a diagnostic algorithm placing ES at the beginning of the evaluation of unexplained NDDs.
An Update on Psychopharmacological Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder
While behavioral interventions remain the mainstay of treatment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), several potential targeted treatments addressing the underlying neurophysiology of ASD have emerged in the last few years. These are promising for the potential to, in future, become part of the mainstay treatment in addressing the core symptoms of ASD. Although it is likely that the development of future targeted treatments will be influenced by the underlying heterogeneity in etiology, associated genetic mechanisms influencing ASD are likely to be the first targets of treatments and even gene therapy in the future for ASD. In this article, we provide a review of current psychopharmacological treatment in ASD including those used to address common comorbidities of the condition and upcoming new targeted approaches in autism management. Medications including metformin, arbaclofen, cannabidiol, oxytocin, bumetanide, lovastatin, trofinetide, and dietary supplements including sulforophane and N-acetylcysteine are discussed. Commonly used medications to address the comorbidities associated with ASD including atypical antipsychotics, serotoninergic agents, alpha-2 agonists, and stimulant medications are also reviewed. Targeted treatments in Fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most common genetic disorder leading to ASD, provide a model for new treatments that may be helpful for other forms of ASD.
Desarrollo humano y desigualdades en salud en la población rural en Colombia
Las situaciones de exclusión a las que ha estado expuesta la población rural en Colombia están dadas por una desigual estructura de tenencia de la tierra y por un orden social in-justo que no permite la movilidad de las personas. Ellas generan condiciones de desigualdad y de inequidad frente al logro de una capacidad fundamental para el desarrollo humano, como es el estar saludable dentro del ámbito rural. En ese sentido, el propósito del presente documento es integrar el análisis desde la perspectiva de la determinación social de la salud y sus implicaciones en materia de desigualdades e inequidades en salud para la población rural; ello, a la luz de la información presentada en el último Informe de Desarrollo Humano (INDH) 2011: Colombia rural: razones para la esperanza y otros informes. PALABRAS CLAVE Desarrollo humano, salud, desigualdad, población rural, Colombia. ÁREAS TEMÁTICAS Determinantes sociales de la salud, desarrollo humano. The situation of exclusion to which rural population in Colombia has been exposed is characterized by an unequal structure of land tenure and an unfair social order that does not favor people mobility. It creates conditions of inequality and inequity against the achievement of a fundamental capacity for human development, such as being healthy in rural areas. In that sense, the purpose of this paper is to integrate the analysis from the perspective of the social determinants of health and its implications for health inequalities and inequities for rural people, with the information presented in the Human Development Report 2011 for Colombia and other reports. KEY WORDS Human development, health, inequalities, rural population, Colombia. THEMATIC FIELDS Social determinants of health, human development.
Using Online Thesis Generators to Write Persuasive Essays in EFL With Secondary School Students
En los últimos años, ha habido un creciente interés en la enseñanza de estrategias de escritura en secundaria en donde el inglés se enseña como lengua extranjera o como segunda lengua (EFL / ESL). Esto se refleja en la visión que los programas académicos de los colegios y los libros de texto tienen con respecto a al manejo del proceso de escritura de ensayos como aspecto importante en el aprendizaje de una segunda lengua. Sin embargo, las aulas de la escuela secundaria se han convertido en espacios en los que el proceso de escritura se basa sólo en los ensayos finales ya terminados debido a que las limitaciones de tiempo han hecho del proceso de preparación y escritura de ensayos y la retroalimentación del mismo algo muy difícil de lograr. Como resultado tenemos que la mayoría de los ensayos finales carece de claridad y cohesión por no hablar de escasez de retroalimentación significativa y útil para ayudar a los estudiantes a escribir mejor. Este estudio se centra en el uso de una herramienta en línea que ayudaría a que 16 estudiantes de año 10 de un colegio internacional en Bogotá (que se rige por el Currículum Nacional de Inglaterra) generen enunciados de tesis más claros para así poder escribir ensayos persuasivos más integrados y coherentes. El estudio propone una metodología concreta para crear conciencia de la etapa de preparación y planeación así como del uso de las tecnologías de la comunicación y la información para mejorar los productos finales. Los resultados revelaron que aunque el uso de generadores de tesis en línea planteó algunos problemas a los estudiantes en términos de precisión gramatical, éstos fueron bien aceptados por las ventajas para generar y organizar ideas. Además, la retroalimentación fue muy bien recibida debido a la posibilidad que los estudiantes tenía para mejorar la competencia lingüística a pesar de que no siempre dicha retroalimentación garantizó un mejor desempeño en la parte escrita.
Desarrollo humano y desigualdades en salud en la población rural en Colombia / Human Development and Health Inequalities in Rural Population in Colombia
Las situaciones de exclusión a las que ha estado expuesta la población rural en Colombia están dadas por una desigual estructura de tenencia de la tierra y por un orden social injusto que no permite la movilidad de las personas. Ellas generan condiciones de desigualdad y de inequidad frente al logro de una capacidad fundamental para el desarrollo humano, como es el estar saludable dentro del ámbito rural. En ese sentido, el propósito del presente documento es integrar el análisis desde la perspectiva de la determinación social de la salud y sus implicaciones en materia de desigualdades e inequidades en salud para la población rural; ello, a la luz de la información presentada en el último Informe de Desarrollo Humano (INDH) 2011: Colombia rural: razones para la esperanza y otros informes. The situation of exclusion to which rural population in Colombia has been exposed is characterized by an unequal structure of land tenure and an unfair social order that does not favor people mobility. It creates conditions of inequality and inequity against the achievement of a fundamental capacity for human development, such as being healthy in rural areas. In that sense, the purpose of this paper is to integrate the analysis from the perspective of the social determinants of health and its implications for health inequalities and inequities for rural people, with the information presented in the Human Development Report 2011 for Colombia and other reports.