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This paper develops a distributionally robust transactive control architecture that explicitly models ambiguity in the implementation of decentralized price signals in networked energy systems. Unlike conventional formulations that assume perfect signal execution, the proposed framework integrates a Wasserstein distributionally robust optimization (WDRO) layer based on an ambiguity set within a bilevel Stackelberg coordination structure, where uncertainty affects the executed price rather than only exogenous demand or generation. A tractable dual reformulation is derived, and the economic and physical layers are unified into a continuous-time dynamic system through predictive sensitivity coupling. Extensive parametric validation over ambiguity radius and perturbation levels identifies a robust operating region in which steady-state price volatility remains bounded while physical feasibility is preserved. The results also reveal a tuning-sensitive regime for very small ambiguity radii under nominal conditions, highlighting the role of distributional regularization in stabilizing coupled economic–physical dynamics. Overall, the proposed WDRO-based formulation provides system-level insight for coordination design under implementation-layer uncertainty in decentralized system-of-systems architectures, while remaining computationally tractable for large distribution networks.

Distributed power generation plays a critical role in the stability and reliability of modern power systems. Due to the rapid growth of renewable energy generation, the requirements of the transmission and distribution system operators are becoming more stringent. Among these requirements, one of the most important is the Low-Voltage Ride-Through (LVRT) capability, which demands that the inverters remain connected to the grid and provide support during voltage sags. For this purpose, flexible current control algorithms stand out because they can manage unbalanced voltages and simultaneously achieve other control objectives. With the aim of presenting a concrete document focused on describing fundamental principles and discussing common design guidelines, this paper presents an overview of flexible current control strategies applied to LVRT capability. The operation features and design aspects of experiences reported in the literature are reviewed. Moreover, the paper proposes a general methodology to design LVRT flexible current control algorithms. Finally, current and future trends are discussed.

Multi-functional photovoltaic (PV) inverters incorporate ancillary services to enhance power quality and mitigate stability issues in distribution networks. These next-generation PV inverters will achieve a higher utilization of the inverter’s rated capacity, improving the cost-effectiveness of PV technology. However, the power required to perform ancillary services, such as load compensation capabilities, could exceed the inverter’s capacity, risking the components’ integrity. Therefore, multi-functional control algorithms must limit the power capacity according to the system’s nominal currents. Despite this, most control proposals do not address this issue when load balancing capabilities are included for PV inverter control. This paper proposes a flexible control strategy for three-phase multi-functional PV inverters, considering load balancing functionalities while keeping the inverter currents within safe operating limits. The proposal introduces two control parameters whose variation results in different load compensation capabilities. These parameters can be adapted dynamically according to the inverter rated capacity not used for active power injection and the load compensation requirements. Additionally, a control algorithm is proposed to limit the inverter current according to the nominal values supported by the device. This algorithm also allows setting compensation objectives following a priority scheme in which the injection of the PV active power is prioritized over the load compensation functionalities. Reactive power compensation and load balancing functionalities are also considered at a lower level of hierarchical priority. The proposal was evaluated through experimental tests on a multi-functional PV inverter prototype under various operational conditions. The experimental results show an excellent control strategy performance, achieving the control objectives under unbalanced load conditions.

The objective of this research was to obtain and characterize chitosan (CS) based matrices conceived as folic acid (FA) dried reservoir that could find application as food coating upon rehydration. An Argentinean and high molecular weight (MW) chitosan (AC) was used and contrasted with a commercial type one (CC). FTIR and XRD were applied for the polysaccharide-vitamin dried mixed systems characterization. Shifts in bands of FA and AC or CC were observed in the mixed systems, confirming the interaction among the components, for example, the bands at 1382 and 1391 cm − 1 (AC and FA, respectively) shifted to 1387 cm –1 in the in AC-FA mixed systems. XRD data showed that the FA is in its protonated form as expected and is maintained in the different mixed systems obtained using either with CC or AC, demonstrating the robustness and applicability of the material to properly conserve the active ingredient. The ultrastructure and topography were studied by SEM and AFM, respectively. FA incrustations in a self-associated form were observed in the topography images. Variations in topography observed for the AC-FA and CC-FA mixed systems could be attributed to specific interactions between the components and the molecular features of each CS (i.e. the mean particle size was 63 ± 3 and 9 ± 1 nm and, roughness gave values of 0.47 and 0.41 nm, respectively). Vitamin bioaccessibility remained unchanged compared to the control (88.36% ±10.35%), being equal to 91.08% ± 5.02% for AC-FA and 71.56% ±14.08% for CC-FA, after submitted samples to an in vitro digestion process. In sum, mixed AC-FA systems obtained are promising materials for a possible additional application in coating matrices inspired by biopolymers to improve food preservation, maintaining the bioaccessibility of vitamins. Highlights Chitosan-based dehydrated matrices with embedded folic acid were designed. Molecular interactions between species were determined. The structural patterns for the formed entities were analyzed. Folic acid reservoirs were constituted as the vitamin kept bioaccessible into chitosan bosom.

The rapid expansion of photovoltaic (PV) generation has increased the need for educational and experimental platforms that allow students and researchers to study the dynamics, control strategies, and power conversion stages of grid-connected PV systems under realistic operating conditions. Although Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) simulation is widely used to validate power electronic converters and control algorithms, many existing platforms rely on specialized real-time simulators that limit their accessibility in academic environments. This paper presents the design and implementation of a cost-effective HIL simulation platform for grid-connected PV systems intended for research and training applications. The proposed system integrates real hardware under test within a real-time environment that emulates PV array behavior and grid conditions, combining Controller Hardware-in-the-Loop (CHIL) and Power Hardware-in-the-Loop (PHIL) techniques. A Texas Instruments C2000 microcontroller is used as the real-time digital simulator, providing an accessible alternative to conventional real-time simulation platforms. The platform architecture, the real-time PV emulator, and the experimental implementation are described and validated through simulation and experimental results. Finally, guided laboratory practices are presented to support hands-on training in PV systems and power electronics.

To evaluate the effects of a computerized physician order entry (CPOE) system in the cardiac intensive care unit by detecting prescription errors (PEs) and also to assess the impact on working conditions. A longitudinal, prospective, before-after study was conducted during the periods before and after the implementation of the CPOE system. Clinical pharmacists were responsible for the registration, description and classification of PEs, and their causes and severity, according to an international taxonomy. Professionals were also surveyed for their opinion, concerns, and level of satisfaction. A total of 470 treatment orders containing 5729 prescriptions were evaluated. The CPOE resulted in a marked reduction in the number of PEs: error rate was 44.8% (819 errors among 1829 prescriptions) with handwritten orders and 0.8% (16 among 2094 prescriptions) at the final electronic phase (P < .001). Lapses were the main cause of error in both prescription methods. Most errors did not reach the patients. Errors related with the computerized system were scarce. Most users were satisfied with many aspects of this technology, although a higher workload was reported. Computerized physician order entry in the cardiac intensive care unit proved to be a safe and effective strategy in reducing PEs and was globally well received by professionals.

La Responsabilidad social de la Empresa (RSE) se ha definido como la integración voluntaria de las preocupaciones sociales y medioambientales en la toma de decisiones en la empresa. dos de las principales responsabilidades sociales de una empresa son la búsqueda de un entorno de trabajo seguro y saludable y la promoción de una cultura de prevención de riesgos. En este artículo se discute como el interés creciente por la RSE puede ayudar a mejorar la implementación de sistemas adecuados de prevención, para ello se ha estudiado en qué medida las cuestiones de seguridad y salud en el trabajo (SST) están presentes en el ámbito de la RSE y así poder determinar qué aspectos son los más desarrollados, cuáles quedan más diluidos, y plantear algunas propuestas. La metodología seguida se ha basado en un análisis de contenido de las principales herramientas internacionales de gestión de la RSE. Corporate social Responsibility (CSR) has been defined as the voluntary incorporation of social and environmental concerns into the decision making of the company. two of the main social responsibilities of a corporation are the search for a safe and healthy environment at work and the promotion of a culture for preventing risks. this article discusses how the growing interest for CSR can help improve the implementation of appropriate prevention systems, and so, it analyses to what extend safety and Health at Work issues are present in the field of CSR, in order to determine those most developed aspects, those most diluted and to present some proposals. the methodology is based on content analysis of the main international CSR management tools.

The effects of the present biodiversity crisis have been largely focused on the loss of species. However, a missed component of biodiversity loss that often accompanies or even precedes species disappearance is the extinction of ecological interactions. Here, we propose a novel model that (i) relates the diversity of both species and interactions along a gradient of environmental deterioration and (ii) explores how the rate of loss of ecological functions, and consequently of ecosystem services, can be accelerated or restrained depending on how the rate of species loss covaries with the rate of interactions loss. We find that the loss of species and interactions are decoupled, such that ecological interactions are often lost at a higher rate. This implies that the loss of ecological interactions may occur well before species disappearance, affecting species functionality and ecosystems services at a faster rate than species extinctions. We provide a number of empirical case studies illustrating these points. Our approach emphasizes the importance of focusing on species interactions as the major biodiversity component from which the ?health? of ecosystems depends.

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the advanced form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that sets the stage for further liver damage. The mechanism for the progression of NASH involves multiple parallel hits, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and others. Manipulation of any of these pathways may be an approach to prevent NASH development and progression. Arachidyl‐amido cholanoic acid (Aramchol) is presently in a phase IIb NASH study. The aim of the present study was to investigate Aramchol's mechanism of action and its effect on fibrosis using the methionine‐ and choline‐deficient (MCD) diet model of NASH. We collected liver and serum from mice fed an MCD diet containing 0.1% methionine (0.1MCD) for 4 weeks; these mice developed steatohepatitis and fibrosis. We also collected liver and serum from mice receiving a control diet, and metabolomes and proteomes were determined for both groups. The 0.1MCD‐fed mice were given Aramchol (5 mg/kg/day for the last 2 weeks), and liver samples were analyzed histologically. Aramchol administration reduced features of steatohepatitis and fibrosis in 0.1MCD‐fed mice. Aramchol down‐regulated stearoyl‐coenyzme A desaturase 1, a key enzyme involved in triglyceride biosynthesis and the loss of which enhances fatty acid β‐oxidation. Aramchol increased the flux through the transsulfuration pathway, leading to a rise in glutathione (GSH) and the GSH/oxidized GSH ratio, the main cellular antioxidant that maintains intracellular redox status. Comparison of the serum metabolomic pattern between 0.1MCD‐fed mice and patients with NAFLD showed a substantial overlap. Conclusion: Aramchol treatment improved steatohepatitis and fibrosis by 1) decreasing stearoyl‐coenyzme A desaturase 1 and 2) increasing the flux through the transsulfuration pathway maintaining cellular redox homeostasis. We also demonstrated that the 0.1MCD model resembles the metabolic phenotype observed in about 50% of patients with NAFLD, which supports the potential use of Aramchol in NASH treatment. (Hepatology Communications 2017;1:911–927)