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Using mark-resight data, we investigated fidelity to territory and mate as well as breeding dispersal rates and the causes and consequences of breeding dispersal in a 20-year study of American goshawks ( Astur atricapillus ) in Arizona, USA. Generalized Additive Mixed Models were used to identify the relative contributions of four prominent explanatory variables (eggs laid, nest failed, nest successful, mate loss) and 21 individual and environmental variables in a machine learning Conditional Inference Forest to predict breeding dispersal. Ninety-five percent of males and 92% of females exhibited lifetime territory fidelity and 97% exhibited lifetime mate fidelity. Mate loss alone (to divorce, possible emigration or death) made the biggest difference in the predicted probability of dispersal (0.11 with mate loss, 0.005 with mate retention). Yet, in 80% of mate losses a hawk stayed on its territory to eventually nest with a new mate. Territory fidelity was highest when the mate was retained in the next breeding and the pair’s previous attempt produced fledglings. All males and 86% of females that dispersed to a territory in our study area moved no farther than to a 3rd-order neighboring territory (crossed 2 territories). Despite equivocal evidence of dispersal to territories more frequently occupied by egg-layers, there was otherwise little evidence that hawks on average dispersed to better territories. On average reproduction did not improve post-dispersal and dispersers did not move to territories with greater total (all monitored yrs) reproduction. Goshawks losing their mates appeared to use a home-based mate searching that minimized loss of a familiar territory by waiting on their territory for a new mate and prospecting nearby territories for unpaired mates. The small sample of nearby prospected territories, combined with fortuitous occurrences of unpaired mates, resulted in random (with respect to quality) selections of territories by dispersers.

Graphene oxide (GO) has now emerged as one of the most promising materials in different areas such as photocatalysis, adsorption, and energy storage due to its high surface area, unique layered structure, etc. Among various types of precursors, anthracite coal has attracted a lot of attention nowadays as it affords GO a high concentration of sp 2 carbons resulting in high conductivity and superior absorbance in the visible region. In this report, we have prepared GO-TiO 2 nanocomposites as it is supposed to possess high photocatalytic activity owing to facile electron transmission from the conduction band of TiO 2 to the GO surface resulting in a much lower degree of electron–hole pair recombination. To boost the photocatalytic activity further, TiO 2 was coated with Ag nanoparticles as well. These hybrid structures were characterized by different analytical techniques, for example, XRD, HR-TEM, SEM, and Raman spectroscopy. The XRD pattern of these composites consists of characteristic peaks corresponding to GO, TiO 2 , and Ag. The HR-TEM studies confirm the presence of GO layers, cube-shaped TiO 2 , and spherical Ag nanoparticles. Phenol and 4-nitrophenol have been used as model pollutants to evaluate the photooxidation efficiencies under both UV and visible light irradiation. Under UV irradiation, the GO/Ag-TiO 2 ternary nanocomposite shows better photooxidation efficiency (62%) compared to Ag-TiO 2 (38%), GO-TiO 2 (9%), GO (17%), and TiO 2 (8%) toward phenol degradation. The GO/Ag-TiO 2 is also having the highest photocatalytic activity toward the removal of phenol under visible light irradiation (34%). The ternary heterostructure (85%) also possesses superior photooxidation activity compared to Ag-TiO 2 (44%) and GO-TiO 2 (71%) toward the degradation of p-nitrophenol under UV light radiation for 60 min. The above observation reveals that the cooperative effect of Ag, TiO 2 , and GO is playing a crucial role to result in the high photooxidation activity of the GO/Ag-TiO 2 hetero-nanocomposites.

High-resolution X-ray spectra reveal highly ionized X-ray gas flows in a nearby tidal disruption event, ASASSN-14li, near to the black hole of the galaxy PGC 043234. A star at the event horizon ASASSN-14li is a tidal disruption event close to the black hole of the nearby galaxy PGC 043234, first discovered in images obtained on 22 November 2014 by the All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae. Such events occur when a star gets too near to a massive black hole and is torn apart by extreme tidal forces. Jon Miller et al . report high-resolution X-ray spectra of ASASSN-14li that indicate flows of highly ionized X-ray gas consistent with a rotating wind from the inner, super-Eddington-flow region of a nascent accretion disk, or with a filament of disrupted stellar gas near to the apocentre of an elliptical orbit. These findings are consistent with both fundamental and very recent theoretical predictions for the structure and evolution of tidal disruption events. Tidal forces close to massive black holes can violently disrupt stars that make a close approach. These extreme events are discovered via bright X-ray 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 and optical/ultraviolet 5 , 6 flares in galactic centres. Prior studies based on modelling decaying flux trends have been able to estimate broad properties, such as the mass accretion rate 6 , 7 . Here we report the detection of flows of hot, ionized gas in high-resolution X-ray spectra of a nearby tidal disruption event, ASASSN-14li in the galaxy PGC 043234. Variability within the absorption-dominated spectra indicates that the gas is relatively close to the black hole. Narrow linewidths indicate that the gas does not stretch over a large range of radii, giving a low volume filling factor. Modest outflow speeds of a few hundred kilometres per second are observed; these are below the escape speed from the radius set by variability. The gas flow is consistent with a rotating wind from the inner, super-Eddington region of a nascent accretion disk, or with a filament of disrupted stellar gas near to the apocentre of an elliptical orbit. Flows of this sort are predicted by fundamental analytical theory 8 and more recent numerical simulations 7 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 .

\"Family therapy trainees are inundated with a multitude of family therapy theories. They also have difficulty shifting from an individualistic view to one of seeing interactions and systems. How do therapists hone their own methods with all of these choices? And how do they learn how to best treat families with all of the focus being taken away from their clients and redirected instead on processes? Perhaps most importantly, how can they learn through an inductive process of exploring what has occurred during the therapeutic session? Veteran therapist and founder of Structural Family Therapy, Salvador Minuchin, goes back to basics with his two co-authors Michael D. Reiter and Charmaine Borda in The Craft of Family Therapy. In this book they teach readers basic communication and family therapy skills using some of Dr. Minuchin's most interesting and illuminating cases. Not only do readers re-learn basic techniques, such as reframing and joining, but they are treated to an in-depth commentary on each case, with Dr. Minuchin emphasizing the techniques he uses that allow him to refocus attention from the Identifying Patient to the family as a whole. The book ends with three supervision transcripts from Dr. Minuchin's students, whose commentary illuminates the struggles, fears, and insecurities that new family therapists face and how they can overcome them. Each of these chapters ends with a consultation interview that Dr. Minuchin conducted with each supervisees case family.\"-- Provided by publisher.

Orogenic gold deposits are comprised of complex quartz vein arrays that form as a result of fluid flow along transcrustal fault zones in active orogenic belts. Mineral precipitation in these deposits occurs under variable pressure conditions, but a mechanism explaining how the pressure regimes evolve through time has not previously been proposed. Here we show that extensional quartz veins at the Garrcon deposit in the Abitibi greenstone belt of Canada preserve petrographic characteristics suggesting that the three recognized paragenetic stages formed within different pressure regimes. The first stage involved the growth of interlocking quartz grains competing for space in fractures held open by hydrothermal fluids at supralithostatic pressures. Subsequent fluid flow at fluctuating pressure conditions caused recrystallization of the vein quartz and the precipitation of sulfide minerals through wall-rock sulfidation, with some of the sulfide minerals containing microscopic gold. These pressure fluctuations between supralithostatic to near-hydrostatic conditions resulted in the post-entrapment modification of the fluid inclusion inventory of the quartz. Late fluid flow occurred at near-hydrostatic conditions and resulted in the formation of fluid inclusions that have not been affected by post-entrapment modification as pressure conditions never returned to supralithostatic conditions. This late fluid flow is interpreted to have formed the texturally late, coarse native gold that occurs along quartz grain boundaries and in open spaces. The systematic evolution of the pressure regimes in orogenic gold deposits such as Garrcon can be explained by relative movement of fault-fracture meshes across the base of the upper crustal brittle-ductile transition zone. We conclude that early vein quartz in orogenic deposits is precipitated at near-lithostatic conditions whereas the paragenetically late gold is introduced at distinctly lower pressure.

Background: CA125 is a high molecular weight glycoprotein, which is expressed by a large proportion of epithelial ovarian cancers. The sensitivity and specificity of CA125 are poor and there are no guidelines produced by the Royal College of Pathologists or the Association of Clinical Biochemists to aid clinicians and laboratories in its most appropriate use. Aim: To identify the patient population having a CA125 measurement and to determine its contribution to individual patient management. Methods: A retrospective case note audit looking at patients who had a CA125 measurement performed between April 2000 and April 2002. Results: The study comprised 799 patients; 751 (94%) were female and 48 (6%) male; 221 (29%) females and 22 (46%) males had an abnormal result. CA125 was mainly used to investigate a wide range of signs and symptoms, and few tests were for follow up or screening of ovarian cancer. In female patients having a CA125 for suspicion of malignancy/ovarian cancer, only 39 (20%) of the abnormal results were caused by ovarian cancer. False positive results were largely caused by another malignancy (48 cases; 26%), benign ovarian disease (26 cases; 14%), and benign gynaecological conditions, particularly leiomyomas (18 cases; 9%). The specificity of CA125 for ovarian cancer increased with concentrations >1000 kU/litre. Conclusions: These results confirm the high false positive rate and poor sensitivity and specificity associated with CA125. The substantial inappropriate usage of CA125 has led to results that are useless to the clinician, have cost implications, and add to patient anxiety and clinical uncertainty.

The evolution of the magmatic-hydrothermal system that formed the Eocene Yulong Cu-Mo porphyry deposit of the eastern Tibetan Plateau, China, is reconstructed based on the study of the sequence of stockwork vein sets showing systematic crosscutting relationships in hand specimen. Early A veins associated with potassic alteration of the porphyritic host are composed of vitreous quartz that is extensively recrystallized and has a dark blue cathodoluminescence. Fluid inclusions contained in the quartz have been affected by post-entrapment modification. Some of the A veins were reopened and contain ribbons of microscopic molybdenite flakes. Formation of the molybdenite was associated with recrystallization of the earlier formed quartz and concomitant with the development of a dark purple to brownish cathodoluminescence signature. Reopening of the early veins also resulted in the formation of AB veins containing euhedral quartz crystals that contain encapsulated molybdenite flakes and are intergrown with coarse laths of molybdenite. These euhedral quartz crystals showing a dark purple to brownish cathodoluminescence host vapor-rich, intermediate-density fluid inclusions as well as hypersaline liquid and vapor-rich fluid inclusions, indicating that fluid immiscibility at hydrostatic pressure conditions occurred during crystal growth. Later, C veins that crosscut and commonly reopen the earlier A and AB veins lack quartz as a gangue mineral and consist entirely of chalcopyrite and pyrite with minor molybdenite. Sulfide formation was accompanied by chlorite or sericite alteration of the wall rocks. Late D veins containing quartz and pyrite with associated sericitic alteration of the porphyritic wall rocks crosscut all earlier vein types. Only minor amounts of molybdenite and chalcopyrite are present. Euhedral quartz crystals in the D veins contain liquid-rich fluid inclusions that have not been affected by post-entrapment modification. The results of this study indicate that Mo and Cu mineralization at Yulong was introduced by single-phase, intermediate-density magmatic-hydrothermal fluids as the porphyry system was transitioning from ductile to brittle conditions. The bulk of the Mo endowment predated Cu mineralization and formed during the change from lithostatic to hydrostatic conditions and associated immiscibility of the magmatic-hydrothermal fluids. Chalcopyrite precipitation followed as the single-phase, intermediate-density magmatic-hydrothermal fluids was escaping into the hydrostatic-pressured regime. Cooling of the magmatic-hydrothermal fluids appears to have been the principal control on metal precipitation.