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"Reza, M."
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Nutrition and Digestive Physiology of the Broiler Chick: State of the Art and Outlook
Because the intestine is the primary nutrient supply organ, early development of digestive function in newly hatched chick will enable it to better utilize nutrients, grow efficiently, and achieve the genetic potential of contemporary broilers. Published data on the growth and digestive function of the gastrointestinal tract in neonatal poultry were reviewed. Several potential strategies to improve digestive tract growth and function in newly hatched chick are available and the options include breeder nutrition, in ovo feeding, early access to feed and water, special pre-starter diets, judicious use of feed additives, and early programming.
Journal Article
Entanglement in Lifshitz-type quantum field theories
A
bstract
We study different aspects of quantum entanglement and its measures, including entanglement entropy in the vacuum state of a certain Lifshitz free scalar theory. We present simple intuitive arguments based on “non-local” effects of this theory that the scaling of entanglement entropy depends on the dynamical exponent as a characteristic parameter of the theory. The scaling is such that in the massless theory for small entangling regions it leads to area law in the Lorentzian limit and volume law in the
z
→ ∞ limit. We present strong numerical evidences in (1+1) and (2+1)-dimensions in support of this behavior. In (2 + 1)-dimensions we also study some shape dependent aspects of entanglement. We argue that in the massless limit corner contributions are no more additive for large enough dynamical exponent due to non-local effects of Lifshitz theories. We also comment on possible holographic duals of such theories based on the sign of tripartite information.
Journal Article
Formulation, Delivery and Stability of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins for Effective Bone Regeneration
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are responsible for bone formation during embryogenesis and bone regeneration and remodeling. The osteoinductive action of BMPs, especially BMP-2 and BMP-7, has led to their use in a range of insurmountable treatments where intervention is required for effective bone regeneration. Introduction of BMP products to the market, however, was not without reports of multiple complications and side effects. Aiming for optimization of the therapeutic efficacy and safety, efforts have been focused on improving the delivery of BMPs to lower the administered dose, localize the protein, and prolong its retention time at the site of action. A major challenge with these efforts is that the protein stability should be maintained. With this review we attempt to shed light on how the stability of BMPs can be affected in the formulation and delivery processes. We first provide a short overview of the current standing of the complications experienced with BMP products. We then discuss the different delivery parameters studied in association with BMPs, and their influence on the efficacy and safety of BMP treatments. In particular, the literature addressing the stability of BMPs and their possible interactions with components of the delivery system as well as their sensitivity to conditions of the formulation process is reviewed. In summary, recent developments in the fields of bioengineering and biopharmaceuticals suggest that a good understanding of the relationship between the formulation/delivery conditions and the stability of growth factors such as BMPs is a prerequisite for a safe and effective treatment.
Journal Article
Revisiting the Time Needed to Provide Adult Primary Care
Background
Many patients do not receive guideline-recommended preventive, chronic disease, and acute care. One potential explanation is insufficient time for primary care providers (PCPs) to provide care.
Objective
To quantify the time needed to provide 2020 preventive care, chronic disease care, and acute care for a nationally representative adult patient panel by a PCP alone, and by a PCP as part of a team-based care model.
Design
Simulation study applying preventive and chronic disease care guidelines to hypothetical patient panels.
Participants
Hypothetical panels of 2500 patients, representative of the adult US population based on the 2017–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
Main Measures
The mean time required for a PCP to provide guideline-recommended preventive, chronic disease and acute care to the hypothetical patient panels. Estimates were also calculated for visit documentation time and electronic inbox management time. Times were re-estimated in the setting of team-based care.
Key Results
PCPs were estimated to require 26.7 h/day, comprising of 14.1 h/day for preventive care, 7.2 h/day for chronic disease care, 2.2 h/day for acute care, and 3.2 h/day for documentation and inbox management. With team-based care, PCPs were estimated to require 9.3 h per day (2.0 h/day for preventive care and 3.6 h/day for chronic disease care, 1.1 h/day for acute care, and 2.6 h/day for documentation and inbox management).
Conclusions
PCPs do not have enough time to provide the guideline-recommended primary care. With team-based care the time requirements would decrease by over half, but still be excessive.
Journal Article
SUST Bangla Emotional Speech Corpus (SUBESCO): An audio-only emotional speech corpus for Bangla
SUBESCO is an audio-only emotional speech corpus for Bangla language. The total duration of the corpus is in excess of 7 hours containing 7000 utterances, and it is the largest emotional speech corpus available for this language. Twenty native speakers participated in the gender-balanced set, each recording of 10 sentences simulating seven targeted emotions. Fifty university students participated in the evaluation of this corpus. Each audio clip of this corpus, except those of Disgust emotion, was validated four times by male and female raters. Raw hit rates and unbiased rates were calculated producing scores above chance level of responses. Overall recognition rate was reported to be above 70% for human perception tests. Kappa statistics and intra-class correlation coefficient scores indicated high-level of inter-rater reliability and consistency of this corpus evaluation. SUBESCO is an Open Access database, licensed under Creative Common Attribution 4.0 International, and can be downloaded free of charge from the web link: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4526477 .
Journal Article
Nanoliposomes and Tocosomes as Multifunctional Nanocarriers for the Encapsulation of Nutraceutical and Dietary Molecules
Nanoscale lipid bilayers, or nanoliposomes, are generally spherical vesicles formed by the dispersion of phospholipid molecules in a water-based medium by energy input. The other nanoscale object discussed in this entry, i.e., tocosome, is a recently introduced bioactive carrier made mainly from tocopheryl phosphates. Due to their bi-compartmental structure, which consists of lipidic and aqueous compartments, these nanocarriers are capable of carrying hydrophilic and hydrophobic material separately or simultaneously. Nanoliposomes and tocosomes are able to provide protection and release of sensitive food-grade bioactive materials in a sustained manner. They are being utilized for the encapsulation of different types of bioactive materials (such as drugs, vaccines, antimicrobials, antioxidants, minerals and preservatives), for the enrichment and fortification of different food and nutraceutical formulations and manufacturing of functional products. However, a number of issues unique to the nutraceutical and food industry must first be resolved before these applications can completely become a reality. Considering the potentials and promises of these colloidal carrier systems, the present article reviews various aspects of nanoliposomes, in comparison with tocosomes, including the ingredients used in their manufacture, formation mechanisms and issues pertaining to their application in the formulation of health promoting dietary supplements and functional food products.
Journal Article
Short term fluctuations of wind and solar power systems
Wind and solar power are known to be highly influenced by weather events and may ramp up or down abruptly. Such events in the power production influence not only the availability of energy, but also the stability of the entire power grid. By analysing significant amounts of data from several regions around the world with resolutions of seconds to minutes, we provide strong evidence that renewable wind and solar sources exhibit multiple types of variability and nonlinearity in the time scale of seconds and characterise their stochastic properties. In contrast to previous findings, we show that only the jumpy characteristic of renewable sources decreases when increasing the spatial size over which the renewable energies are harvested. Otherwise, the strong non-Gaussian, intermittent behaviour in the cumulative power of the total field survives even for a country-wide distribution of the systems. The strong fluctuating behaviour of renewable wind and solar sources can be well characterised by Kolmogorov-like power spectra and q-exponential probability density functions. Using the estimated potential shape of power time series, we quantify the jumpy or diffusive dynamic of the power. Finally we propose a time delayed feedback technique as a control algorithm to suppress the observed short term non-Gaussian statistics in spatially strong correlated and intermittent renewable sources.
Journal Article
Some aspects of entanglement wedge cross-section
A
bstract
We consider the minimal area of the entanglement wedge cross section (EWCS) in Einstein gravity. In the context of holography, it is proposed that this quantity is dual to different information measures, e.g., entanglement of purification, logarithmic negativity and reflected entropy. Motivated by these proposals, we examine in detail the low and high temperature corrections to this quantity and show that it obeys the area law even in the finite temperature. We also study EWCS in nonrelativistic field theories with nontrivial Lifshitz and hyperscaling violating exponents. The resultant EWCS is an increasing function of the dynamical exponent due to the enhancement of spatial correlations between subregions for larger values of
z
. We find that EWCS is monotonically decreasing as the hyperscaling violating exponent increases. We also obtain this quantity for an entangling region with singular boundary in a three dimensional field theory and find a universal contribution where the coefficient depends on the central charge. Finally, we verify that for higher dimensional singular regions the corresponding EWCS obeys the area law.
Journal Article
Symmetry-resolved entanglement entropy for local and non-local QFTs
In this paper, we investigate symmetry-resolved entanglement entropy (SREE) in free bosonic quantum many-body systems. Utilizing a lattice regularization scheme, we compute symmetry-resolved Rényi entropies for free complex scalar fields and a specific class of non-local field theories, where entanglement entropy (EE) exhibits volume-law scaling. We present effective and approximate eigenvalues for the correlation matrix used in computing SREE and demonstrate their consistency with numerical results. Furthermore, we explore the equipartition of EE, verifying its effective behavior in the massless limit. Finally, we comment on EE in non-local quantum field theories and provide an explicit expression for the symmetry-resolved Rényi entropies.
Journal Article