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The management of factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor-associated bleeding remains a clinical challenge. Massive bleeding is often associated with complex coagulopathy and, thus, the sole reversal of FXa inhibitors might not be sufficient to restore hemostasis, requiring instead a multimodal approach. Four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (4F-PCC) is widely recognized as a viable treatment option for FXa inhibitor-associated bleeding. Here, we applied computational models to explore the effect 4F-PCC has on the coagulation cascade and restoration of thrombin generation in a system that simulates a patient that has received a FXa inhibitor. The coagulation model is largely based on a previously developed model with modifications incorporated from various other published sources. The model was calibrated and validated using data from a phase 3 clinical trial of vitamin K antagonist reversal with 4F-PCC. Using the parameters and initial conditions determined during the calibration and validation process, the prothrombin time (PT) test simulations predicted a PT of 11.4 seconds. The model successfully simulated the effects of rivaroxaban and apixaban on total thrombin concentration and showed that 4F-PCC increased thrombin generation in the presence of rivaroxaban or apixaban.

Discontinuous dynamic recrystallization is a critical microstructural evolution mechanism during high-temperature deformation, influencing material properties significantly. This study develops a two-dimensional phase-field model to predict steady-state creep rates in the AZ31 magnesium alloy, focusing on DRX during creep. To enhance simulation accuracy, initial microstructures are generated from optical microscopy data, enabling simulations at larger scales with higher representativeness. A novel nucleation methodology is implemented, eliminating the need for nuclei order parameter adaptation, improving computational efficiency. Finite element analysis (FEA) is integrated to capture initial instantaneous deformation. The Kocks–Mecking model is employed to describe the evolution of average dislocation density, accounting for work hardening and dynamic recovery within the initial polycrystalline microstructure. Instead of conventional creep testing, impression creep, a cost-effective alternative, is used for validation. This method provides constant stress and steady penetration velocity, simulating creep conditions effectively. The model accurately predicts recrystallization kinetics and microstructural evolution, exhibiting a strong correlation with experimental results, with an error of approximately 5%. This research provides a robust and efficient approach for predicting creep behavior in high-temperature applications, vital for optimizing material selection and predicting component lifespan in industries. The methodology offers a significant advancement in understanding and predicting DRX-driven creep behavior.

Currently, breast carcinoma is the most common form of malignancy and the main cause of cancer mortality in women worldwide. The metastasis of cancer cells from the primary tumor site to other organs in the body, notably the lungs, bones, brain, and liver, is what causes breast cancer to ultimately be fatal. Brain metastases occur in as many as 30% of patients with advanced breast cancer, and the 1-year survival rate of these patients is around 20%. Many researchers have focused on brain metastasis, but due to its complexities, many aspects of this process are still relatively unclear. To develop and test novel therapies for this fatal condition, pre-clinical models are required that can mimic the biological processes involved in breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM). The application of many breakthroughs in the area of tissue engineering has resulted in the development of scaffold or matrix-based culture methods that more accurately imitate the original extracellular matrix (ECM) of metastatic tumors. Furthermore, specific cell lines are now being used to create three-dimensional (3D) cultures that can be used to model metastasis. These 3D cultures satisfy the requirement for in vitro methodologies that allow for a more accurate investigation of the molecular pathways as well as a more in-depth examination of the effects of the medication being tested. In this review, we talk about the latest advances in modeling BCBM using cell lines, animals, and tissue engineering methods.

Metal-organic framework nanostructure of Lanthanum (III) (La-MOF) was prepared for the first time by utilizing a new ultrasonic route; and relevant analysis of Differential scanning calorimetry, Field emission scanning emission microscope, Energy-dispersive X-ray spectra, X-ray diffraction, Energy-dispersive X-ray mapping, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area, Thermo-gravimetric curve, Fourier transform infrared spectra, Vibrating sample magnetometer test, Photoluminescence and Nuclear magnetic resonance analyses were used to characterize the synthesized nanostructure. Using ultrasonic irradiation, the results revealed the possibility of producing nanostructured samples of La-MOF that possess desirable physicochemical properties. Moreover, synthesized La-MOF under optimum conditions proved to have a remarkable surface area of 2935 m 2 /g. Therefore, this amount makes it possible to use these efficient nanostructures in various fields such as electrochemical procedures. In addition, this study was also carried out on the electro-catalytic behavior of La-MOF against 4-aminophenol.

As smart cities (SCs) emerge, the Internet of Things (IoT) is able to simplify more sophisticated and ubiquitous applications employed within these cities. In this regard, we investigate seven predominant sectors including the environment, public transport, utilities, street lighting, waste management, public safety, and smart parking that have a great effect on SC development. Our findings show that for the environment sector, cleaner air and water systems connected to IoT-driven sensors are used to detect the amount of CO2, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen to monitor air quality and to detect water leakage and pH levels. For public transport, IoT systems help traffic management and prevent train delays, for the utilities sector IoT systems are used for reducing overall bills and related costs as well as electricity consumption management. For the street-lighting sector, IoT systems are used for better control of streetlamps and saving energy associated with urban street lighting. For waste management, IoT systems for waste collection and gathering of data regarding the level of waste in the container are effective. In addition, for public safety these systems are important in order to prevent vehicle theft and smartphone loss and to enhance public safety. Finally, IoT systems are effective in reducing congestion in cities and helping drivers to find vacant parking spots using intelligent smart parking.

Background Renal dromedary hump is a benign anatomic variant with same echogenicity and blood flow as normal renal parenchyma in imaging modalities. In the present study, we report secondary erythrosytosis due to renal dromedary hump in a young healthy woman. Case presentation A 32-year-old, previously healthy Persian woman referred to our clinic with a 2-month history of bruises. On investigations, patient had elevated hemoglobin (19 g/dL) hematocrit (69%), red blood cell count (7.5 million per microliter) and serum erythropoietin level (708 mU/mL). The only abnormal finding in imaging modalities were a renal dromedary hump in the left kidney, mild splenomegaly, and kidney enlargement. Secondary polycythemia due to renal dromedary hump was the most likely diagnosis. The patient refuses further investigations or treatment. She occasionally comes to our clinic for phlebotomy. Conclusion Dromadory hump as focal bulging of left kidney may contain a group of erythropoietin-producing cells. We think that these cells may begin to produce erythropoietin under certain circumstances. Considering the significant rise in erythropoietin level in our patient and excluding other diagnoses, we think more studies are needed to identify whether renal hump can be a source of producing erythropoietin.

Providing of energy is one of the most important issues for each country. Also, environmental issues due to fossil fuel depletion are other serious concern of them. In this regard, moving toward energy sustainability is a constructive solution for each country. This paper studies the short-term planning of generating units in renewable energy-based distribution networks equipped with plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). PEVs can cause problems for distributed energy sources in the electrical grid, as well as power units inside the grid. So, to overcome this problem, an efficient stochastic programming technique is designed to allow the control entity to control the charging behavior of PEVs for managing power units. In this paper, to obtain the least total cost, a new method is suggested to decrease the reliability expenses. In other words, the vehicle-2-grid (V2G) is applied to decrease the operating. On the other hand, a novel stochastic flow using the unscented transform is suggested to improve the model of the severe uncertainty due to the wind power, photovoltaic (PV) and charging/discharging power of PEVs. In this research work, a novel and efficient optimization algorithm called ‘θ-modified krill herd (θ-MKH)” is used as an applicable technique to optimize the microgrid (MG) operation. This algorithm is useful and has many advantages like the runaway from the local optima with fast converging in comparison with other methods. Also, the satisfactory efficiency of the suggested randomized manner is validated on an MG connected to the main grid.

Magnetic zinc ferrite (ZnFe 2 O 4 ) sub-microparticles were synthesized using a facile poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA)-assisted solvothermal method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirm the formation of spinel structure of ZnFe 2 O 4 with crystallite size from 11 to 41 nm. Scanning electronic microscope (SEM) images show that the samples exhibit a spherical-like morphology self-assembled by primary nanoparticles with sizes about 95–345 nm that are changed with reaction conditions. The zeta potential is increased by the addition PDDA, which indicates the colloidal stability of the sub-microparticles. Dynamic light scattering measurement shows that the presence of PDDA significantly decreased the average hydrodynamic size of the sub-microparticles from 349 nm without PDDA to 117.6 nm with 6 mL of PDDA. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurements reveal that the samples synthesized with 0 and 2 mL of PDDA exhibit superparamagnetic properties while those synthesized with 4, 6 and 8 mL of PDDA show a ferromagnetic behavior. The reaction time and different amounts of PDDA influence the crystallinity, size, magnetic property and surface area of the ZnFe 2 O 4 sub-microparticles.

Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a highly aggressive bone and soft tissue tumor that occurs mainly in young children and adolescents and is associated with primary and metastatic disease. Intramedullary ES (either primary or secondary) is rare, and the ideal management remains inconclusive. We herein report intramedullary and extramedullary metastatic ES in a single patient. A 46-year-old woman was referred to our outpatient clinic from the oncology clinic with progressive paraparesis and paresthesia for 1 week prior to presentation. She had developed left clavicular ES 2 years earlier for which surgery and chemoradiotherapy had been performed. At the present evaluation, she was diagnosed with intramedullary thoracic and lumbar extradural masses. Thoracic surgery was performed, and a biopsy of the lesion was obtained. The diagnosis of ES was confirmed histopathologically, and she underwent adjuvant chemotherapy. Her neurological status did not improve after surgery, and she underwent rehabilitation and physical therapy. The lumbar lesion resolved with chemotherapy. Metastasis of ES to the spinal cord, especially intramedullary lesions, is extremely rare, and there is no standard management guideline. However, surgical decompression and adjuvant chemotherapy are the main treatments in these cases.

The important association of erythropoietin (EPO) serum levels and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with anemia has been inadequately studied and remains a controversial issue. We aimed to shed light on this matter by comparing EPO levels in anemic and non-anemic COPD patients, along with a review of published literature. This cross-sectional study was conducted on COPD patients referred to the pulmonary clinic of Shahid Faghihi Hospital and Motahari clinic, Shiraz, Iran, for one year. We measured complete blood count, red blood cell indices, serum iron, TIBC and ferritin levels, serum EPO levels, and body mass index. Among 35 patients in this study, 28 males and 7 females were enrolled with a mean age of 54.57 ± 8.07 years. The average Forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1) was 37.26 ± 7.33% and FEV1/FVC was 0.46 ± 0.12. Mean EPO levels were 30.29 ± 2.066 mU/mL. No statistically significant association was observed among erythropoietin levels and Hb, COPD severity, and age. There was no significant difference in EPO levels between anemic and non-anemic patients. EPO level, against the traditional expectation, didn’t increase in COPD patients. EPO production also didn’t compensate for the anemia of chronic disease which considers as a common comorbid disorder in these patients.