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Background Female police officers are reported to encounter more bias, discriminatory practices, and inadequate support than their male counterparts and experience poorer health outcomes. This meta-ethnographic review looks beyond individual responsibilities to consider which aspects of policing impact the health and well-being of female police officers. Methods Primary qualitative and mixed method studies published between 2000 and 2024 were included. ProQuest (all databases) and Ovid (Medline and Embase) were searched using terms related to health, wellbeing, females, police, and qualitative research. This was a cross-jurisdictional review, with no limit on country of study. In total, twenty-one papers met the inclusion criteria. A seven-phase inductive and interpretative meta-ethnographic technique was employed to synthesise, analyse, and interpret the data. Results The data analysis revealed a distinct outcome that demonstrated a strong relationship and substantial impacts of organisational injustice on the health and well-being of female police officers. Our findings showed that organisational injustice, encompassing procedural, relational, distributive, and gendered injustice, significantly influences the health and well-being of female officers. Impacts on mental health were commonly discussed, followed by aspects influencing social health, workplace wellbeing, and physical health. Moreover, the effects of these four forms of organisational injustice and the associated cultural, systemic, and structural risk factors extend beyond the immediate health and wellbeing impacts on the individual female officer through impeding other aspects of their work life, such as career progression and work-life balance, that can further impact long-term health and well-being . Conclusion This review highlights the importance of addressing organisational injustice and the cultural, systemic, and structural risk factors within policing to promote healthier and more inclusive workforces for female officers. Policymakers and practitioners should critically examine policies and practices that may appear gender neutral but disproportionately impact women, affecting the health and well-being of female police officers. By addressing these issues, transformative action can be taken to create safer, more supportive, and healthier working environments for female police officers.

Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) remains underutilised and under-researched in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), despite its potential to alleviate menopausal symptoms. This study explored pharmacists’ perspectives on the use, cost, and availability of HRT across six LMICs. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from January 1 to March 31, 2025, as part of the Global Menopause Project. Pharmacists working in community, hospital, and private sector settings in Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Nigeria, Ghana, and Tanzania were recruited. Participants completed an anonymous online questionnaire. The questionnaire was piloted prior to dissemination, assessed HRT availability, pricing, and perceived barriers to use. A total of 331 pharmacists responded: Ghana (18·4%), Sri Lanka (17·5%), Tanzania (16·9%), Nepal (16·6%), Malaysia (15·4%), and Nigeria (15·1%). The respondents were almost equally distributed between sexes (50·8% were female), and most were aged 26–35 years (49·0%). The majority worked in private community pharmacies (41·7%) or government hospitals (32·6%), and 57·4% were based in urban areas. From the sample, 68·9% of pharmacists reported that HRTs were available for dispensing in their respective countries (highest proportion was reported in Nepal, 92·7% and lowest in Nigeria, 42%). HRT costs varied widely, with Sri Lanka reporting the highest prices and Malaysia the lowest. Key barriers identified included low health literacy, economic constraints, and limited healthcare access. Significant disparities exist in HRT access, availability and affordability across LMICs, with urban-rural gaps further compounding inequities. Pharmacists’ insights underscore the urgent need for inclusive, equitable strategies in menopausal care and women’s health policy in resource-limited settings.

Purpose - Literature examining resistant consumer behaviour from an ethical consumption stance has increased over recent years. This paper aims to argue that the conflation between ethical consumer behaviour and \"anti-consumption\" practices results in a nihilistic reading and fails to uncover the tensions of those who seek to position themselves as ethical while still participating in the general market.Design methodology approach - The study adopts an exploratory approach through semi-structured in-depth interviews with a purposive sample of seven ethical consumers.Findings - The analysis reveals the process through which ethical consumption is constructed and defined in relation to the subject position of the \"ethical consumer\" and their interactions with the dominant market of consumption.Research limitations implications - This research is limited to a single country and location and focused on a specific consumer group. Expansion of the research to a wider group would be valuable.Practical implications - The impact of ethical consumption on the wider field of consumption can be witnessed in the \"mainstreaming\" of many ethical ideals. This highlights the potential movements of power between various stakeholders that occupy particular spaces of social action.Originality value - Understanding the analysis through Bourdieu's concepts of field and the margins created between spaces of consumption, the paper focuses on the theoretical cross-section of practice between ethical and market-driven forms of consumption, advancing discussion by exploring how self-identified \"ethical consumers\" defined, legitimatised and negotiated their practices in relation to consumption acts and lifestyles.

The increasing importance of reflexivity within social research highlights the importance of the construction of knowledge in relation to the research endeavour. However, researcher-orientated notions of reflexivity can often relegate a discussion of participant reflexivity. Drawing on two motifs that emerged during the analysis of interview data from one research project, I argue that developing Bourdieu's concepts of habitus, practical mastery and symbolic mastery allows us to understand how reflexivity-in-practice is situated and enacted by both parties involved in the research interaction, and how such 'sticky moments' help us work towards a more participant-focussed mode of reflexivity. In situating the article within larger social research debates, I suggest that ascribing a more active role to interview participants as reflexive subjects can help to address some of the wider ethical debates over the role and positioning of participants in the research process.

This article examines the relationship between organizational ethics, the uncanny, and the annual celebration of Halloween. We begin by exploring the traditional and contemporary organizational function of Halloween as 'tension-management ritual' (Etzioni, Sociol Theory 18(1):44—59, 2000) through which collective fears, anxieties, and fantasies are played out and given material expression. Combining the uncanny with the folkloric concept of ostension, we then examine an incident in which UK supermarket retailers made national news headlines for selling offensive Halloween costumes depicting 'escaped mental patients'. Rather than treating this incident as a problem of moral hygiene—in which products are removed, apologies made, and lessons learned—we consider the value of Halloween as a unique and disruptive ethical encounter with the uncanny Other. Looking beyond its commercial appeal and controversy, we reflect on the creative, generous, and disruptive potential of Halloween as both tension-management ritual and unique organizational space of hospitality through which to receive and embrace alterity and so discover the homely within the unheimlich.

This paper employs an intersectional lens to explore menopausal experiences of women working in the higher education and healthcare sectors in Australia. Open-text responses from surveys across three universities and three healthcare settings were subject to a multistage qualitative data analysis. The findings explore three aspects of menopause experience that required women to contend with a constellation of aged, gendered and ableist dynamics and normative parameters of labor market participation. Reflecting on the findings, the paper articulates the challenges of menopause as issues of workplace inequality that are rendered visible through an intersectional lens. The paper holds a range of implications for how to best support women going through menopause at work. It emphasizes the need for approaches to tackle embedded and more complex modes of inequality that impact working women’s menopause, and ensure that workforce policy both protects and supports menopausal women experiencing intersectional disadvantage.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore and compare patterns of employment and mental health between neurodivergent, other disabled and non-disabled people of working-age. While work is a recognised social determinant of health, its effects can be amplified for disabled people of working age, and particularly neurodivergent people. Yet, within the sparse number of studies focussing on neurodivergent people, confirmatory type analyses mainly restrict their focus to loneliness and isolation as mental health indicators for this cohort.Material and MethodsWe used UK Biobank data of all working age (40-64 years old, n=289,295) adults at baseline. We divided participants in three categories - neurodivergent, other disabled and non-disabled- and performed exploratory latent class analysis to identify patterns of employment and mental health. Class prevalences were compared between groups, after adjusting for age, gender, educational qualification and area population density. We complemented the analysis with identifying mean age at diagnosis for neurodivergent people and regressing it to investigate their likelihood to be in employment.ResultsLatent class analysis resulted in a five-class model ranging from employed with low mental health issues to unemployed with high mental health issues. Compared to the other groups, neurodivergent were mostly prevalent in the unemployed and high mental health issues class. Findings demonstrated a positive impact of higher educational qualification and living in urban areas on employment and mental health. The high average age of diagnosis (54.67± 9.57 years), exacerbated low employment and mental health conditions.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate that neurodivergent are disadvantaged in terms of employment and mental health issues. This is exacerbated by challenges associated with receiving a late diagnosis and late support during their educational path. The results are highly relevant for current policy debates and highlight the need for urgent interventions targeting health, employment and education policies and practices for this group.

This article explores the ways in which male traders negotiate ageing in the highly competitive world of finance. It draws on a study of a UK hedge fund to show how ageing processes intersect with masculinity and class-based bodily practices to reproduce market-based ideals of the sector. Through developing the concept of body accumulation, this article provides a new framework for exploring ageing in an organizational context by demonstrating how masculinity, class and organizational values are mapped onto the traders' bodies over time and in ways that require individuals to continually negotiate their professional value. This not only significantly advances current understanding of how one group of professionals navigate growing older at work, but also highlights the importance of understanding ageing as an accumulation process that takes into account temporal, spatial and cultural dimensions.

ObjectiveFemale officers and staff encounter unique gender-specific challenges in policing, especially during pregnancy and motherhood. This study investigates how motherhood affects mental health outcomes, specifically probable depression and anxiety, as well as duration of sickness absence, while also considering the impact of workplace social support.MethodsWe employed logistic regression to analyse probable depression and anxiety using data from the Airwave Health Monitoring Study (AHMS). Additionally, Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate return-to-work after sickness absence, utilising AHMS data linked with sickness absence records from 26 police forces over a decade. Exposure variables were determined by the interaction of motherhood status and workplace social support, with covariates including sociodemographic, lifestyle, and work-related factors.ResultsIn fully adjusted models, mothers with low total workplace social support (i.e. from superiors and colleagues combined) exhibited higher odds of probable depression (OR: 1.56, 95%CIs: 1.07-2.27) and anxiety (OR:1.58, 95%CIs: 1.14-2.2) compared to non-mothers. Moderate and high social support decreased the odds of depression (Moderate: OR:1.08, 95%CIs: 0.95-1.22; High: OR:0.85, 95%CIs: 0.73-0.98) and anxiety (Moderate: OR:1.29, 95%CIs: 1.18-1.41; High: OR:0.99, 95%CIs: 0.9-1.09) among mothers. However, increased total workplace social support correlated with longer sickness absence episodes for mothers (Low: HR: 0.84, 95%CIs: 0.71-0.99; Moderate: HR: 0.96, 95%CIs: 0.92-1.00; High: HR:1.03, 95%CIs: 0.99-1.08). These patterns held true across different sources of social support i.e. social support individually from superiors and colleagues.ConclusionsThis study highlights the critical role of workplace social support for female police officers and staff in balancing their professional and maternal responsibilities. Enhanced social support can improve mental health, job retention, job satisfaction, and organisational effectiveness, ultimately benefiting public safety.

Current research into organizational age discrimination has placed a focus on the consequences of ageism and economic pressures of an ageing workforce, rather than endeavouring to understand the social processes that create and reproduce ageist ideologies within an organizational context. This article departs from mainstream approaches within age and employment studies in order to explore older worker identity as a discursive phenomenon. Analysis shows how the social construction of the `older worker' may in itself serve to marginalize and contribute towards age inequalities through three discursive strategies: contextualizing the problem, essentializing older worker characteristics and ventriloquizing the older worker. The conclusions seek to situate these findings within larger political and practitioner debates concerning the older worker agenda and how distancing the older worker from chronological or biological determinism may serve to further our understanding of organizational age inequality as a social process.