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Many of the tensions in cosmological models of the Universe lie in the low-mass, low-velocity regime. Probing this regime requires a statistically significant sample of galaxies with well-measured kinematics and robustly measured uncertainties. The Widefield ASKAP L-band Legacy All-sky Blind surveY (WALLABY), as a wide-area, untargeted H i survey, is well positioned to construct this sample. As a first step toward this goal, we develop a framework for testing kinematic modeling codes in the low-resolution, low signal-to-noise ratio, low rotation velocity regime. We find that the WALLABY Kinematic Analysis Proto-Pipeline is remarkably successful at modeling these galaxies when compared to other algorithms, but, even in idealized tests, there is a significant fraction of false positives found below inclinations of ≈40°. We further examine the 11 detections with rotation velocities below 50 km s−1 in the WALLABY pilot data releases. We find that those galaxies with inclinations above 40° lie within 1σ–2σ of structural scaling relations that require reliable rotation velocity measurements, such as the baryonic Tully–Fisher relation. Moreover, the subset that has consistent kinematic and photometric inclinations tends to lie nearer to the relations than those that have inconsistent inclination measures. This work both demonstrates the challenges faced in low-velocity kinematic modeling and provides a framework for testing modeling codes as well as constructing a large sample of well-measured low-rotation models from untargeted surveys.

Hemodialysis (HD) for critically ill patients with acute renal failure has been provided as intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) or continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). IHD is often complicated by hypotension and inadequate fluid removal, and CRRT by high cost of solutions and problems with anticoagulation. Sustained low-efficiency daily dialysis (SLED) has been suggested as an alternative treatment. This is an observational, prospective pilot study describing the introduction of SLED at our institution. We compared SLED (23 patients, 165 treatments) with CRRT (11 patients, 209 days), focusing on cost, anticoagulation, and small solute removal. SLED consisted of 8h of HD 6 days a week, with blood flow of 200ml/min, dialysate flows of 350ml/min, and hemofiltration with 1l of saline/h. CRRT patients were anticoagulated with either heparin or citrate, and SLED patients with either heparin or saline flushes. The weekly costs to the hospital were $1431 for SLED, $2607 for CRRT with heparin, and $3089 for CRRT with citrate. Sixty-five percent of SLED treatments were heparin-free; filter clotting occurred in 18% of heparin treatments and 29% of heparin-free treatments (NS). Weekly Kt/V was significantly higher for SLED (8.4±1.8) and time-averaged serum creatinine was lower; equivalent renal clearance (EKRjc) was 29±6ml/min for SLED, similar to that for CRRT. In summary, SLED may be routinely performed without anticoagulation; it provides solute removal equivalent to CRRT at significantly lower cost.

Mass coral bleaching events due to rising seawater temperatures are occurring with increasing frequency and are among the most conspicuous consequences of human-induced climate change. While bleaching events have clear impacts on the corals themselves, the impacts on other organisms and on the overall reef community are more difficult to assess. This is particularly true for parasitic organisms, which in spite of their high diversity and biomass are typically ignored in ecological monitoring studies. Here, we take advantage of long-term monitoring of host–parasite–cleaner interactions on experimental patch reefs to assess the effects of mass bleaching events on gnathiid isopod populations around Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef. Compared with non-bleaching years, gnathiid abundance was consistently low during the warm-water period in bleaching years, but rebounded during the cooler months. This pattern is likely due to the interaction between the short-term negative impacts of thermal stress and declines in hosts on gnathiids, combined with the longer-term positive impacts of declines in cleaner wrasses and of increased dead coral on gnathiid abundance.

Predation on parasites is an important ecological process, but few experimental studies have examined the long-term impacts on the prey. Cleaner fish prey upon large numbers and selectively feed on the larger individuals of the ectoparasitic stage of gnathiid isopods. Removal of cleaner fish Labroides dimidiatus for 1.5–12.5 years negatively affects coral reef fishes, but the mechanism is unclear. A reduction in local parasite populations or the size of individual parasites would benefit all susceptible fishes. We tested whether cleaner presence reduces local gnathiid populations using 18 patch-reefs distributed between two sites (both at Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef) which were maintained cleaner-free or undisturbed for 12 years. Using emergence traps (1 m2), free-living gnathiid stages were sampled before and after cleaner fish were removed during the day and night, up to 11 times over the course of the experiment. There were effects of the removal in the predicted direction, driven largely by the response at one site over the other involving 200% more gnathiids, but manifested only in the daytime sampling after 4 months. There was also a main effect (36%) for the shared sample dates at both sites after 12 years. Gnathiid size occasionally differed with cleaner presence, but in no consistent way over time. Contrary to our predictions, changes in free-living gnathiid population numbers and their size structure rarely reflected the changes in fish populations and individuals observed on cleaner-free reefs. Therefore, evidence that this predator alone regulates gnathiids remains limited, suggesting other contributing processes are involved

Hydrocarbon exploration is a high-risk venture; therefore, pre-determining reservoirs' capacities is pertinent, reducing associated uncertainties regarding hydrocarbon presence and production. This study delineates hydrocarbon-bearing sands, determines the reservoir area extent, computes the associated petrophysical parameters and presents the reserve volume estimation based on wireline logs with integrated 3-D seismic surveys. It evaluates and indicates three (3) hydrocarbon-bearing reservoirs sands (NZ(R1), NZ(R2) and NZ(R3)) of varying thicknesses (h) across three (3) wells reservoirs NZ(R1), NZ(R2) and NZ(R3). The reservoir properties, including porosity (Ф), free fluid index (FFI), permeability (K), fluid saturations and reservoir thickness (h), represent potentially viable hydrocarbon reservoir units across the field. It presents the estimation of the recovery factor based on the FFI values. Across the reservoirs, Ф is 0.28 in NZ(R1), 0.27 in NZ(R2) and 0.26 in NZ(R3). FFI is 0.26 in NZ(R1), 0.25 in NZ(R2) and 0.26 in NZ(R3). K is 10388 mD in NZ(R1), 8304mD in NZ(R2), and 6580 mD in NZ(R3). Water saturation (Sw) is up to 0.4, 0.36 and 0.20 with the associated hydrocarbon saturation (Sh) of 0.60, 0.64 and 0.80 corresponding to NZ(R1), NZ(R2) and NZ(R3). Considering the delineated reservoir areas based on the prevailing fault assisted structural style, the total volume of recoverable oil is 11.3×106, while the gas capacity is 1.8 ×109 cuft. These findings will aid the field's oil and gas reservoir developmental activities and serve as reference points to related studies involving similar objectives.

The study involves the hydro-geophysical investigation of the Petroleum Training Institute (PTI) Land, Osubi, Delta State. It engages forty-two vertical electrical soundings (VES) points based on the Schlumberger configuration to delineate aquifers and the associated overburden integrity. Studies, as described, are uncommon in the study location. The presented curves, which include A.A., AK, K.Q., Q.H., and K.H. and the more complex curves like HAAAA and KHKHK, depict the near-surface characteristics related to the aquifers. Three to six subsurface layers are revealed, including top-soil, clayey sand, sandy clay, the potential aquifer and the bedrock (hard rock). Across all the VES points, the top-soil resistivity values vary between 13.3 Ωm and 149.4 Ωm, with layer thicknesses ranging from 0.1 2 m to 3 m. The second layer resistivity values range from 12.4 Ωm to 643.8 Ωm, with thicknesses ranging from 0.3 m to 2.6 m. The third layer resistivity ranges from 35.0 Ωm to 6834.6 Ωm, with layer thicknesses ranging from 0.6 m to 23.5 m. The fourth and fifth layers’ resistivity values range from 68.8 Ωm to infinity (∞), and thicknesses range from 1.5 m to ∞. The overburden integrity and aquifer ratings are not evenly distributed, with about twenty-four VES indicating poor/low overburden and fair/marginal aquifer types. Five VES points indicate good overburden capacity, corresponding to excellent aquifer types. Eleven VES points show moderate to good overburden integrity, corresponding to good aquifer types. The presented data are essential inputs in groundwater development programs. The results may also be harnessed for environmental-based and engineering site investigation-related studies.

We propose a novel stereo visual IMU-assisted (Inertial Measurement Unit) technique that extends to large inter-frame motion the use of KLT tracker (Kanade–Lucas–Tomasi). The constrained and coherent inter-frame motion acquired from the IMU is applied to detected features through homogenous transform using 3D geometry and stereoscopy properties. This predicts efficiently the projection of the optical flow in subsequent images. Accurate adaptive tracking windows limit tracking areas resulting in a minimum of lost features and also prevent tracking of dynamic objects. This new feature tracking approach is adopted as part of a fast and robust visual odometry algorithm based on double dogleg trust region method. Comparisons with gyro-aided KLT and variants approaches show that our technique is able to maintain minimum loss of features and low computational cost even on image sequences presenting important scale change. Visual odometry solution based on this IMU-assisted KLT gives more accurate result than INS/GPS solution for trajectory generation in certain context.

Currently, limited studies have quantified the risk of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) for MRSA-colonized patients on discharge from hospital. Our retrospective, case-control study identified independent risk factors for the development of MRSA SSTIs among such patients detected by active MRSA nasal screening in an acute care hospital by PCR on admission, and bacteriological cultures on discharge. Cases were MRSA-colonized patients aged ⩾18 years who developed a MRSA SSTI post-discharge and controls were those who did not develop a MRSA SSTI post-discharge. Controls were matched to cases by length of follow-up (±10 days) for up to 18 months. Potential demographic and clinical risk factors for MRSA infection were identified using electronic queries and manual chart abstraction; data were compared by standard statistical tests and variables with P values ⩽0·05 in bivariable analysis were entered into a logistic regression model. Multivariable analysis demonstrated prior hospital admission within 12 months (P = 0·02), prior MRSA infection (P = 0·05), and previous myocardial infarction (P = 0·01) were independently predictive of a MRSA SSTI post-discharge. Identification of MRSA colonization upon admission and recognition of risk factors could help identify a high-risk population that could benefit from MRSA SSTI prevention strategies.

Purpose The optimal timing for starting renal replacement therapy (RRT) in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) is unknown. Defining current practice is necessary to design interventional trials. We describe the current Canadian practice regarding the timing of RRT initiation for AKI. Methods An observational study of patients undergoing RRT for AKI was undertaken at 11 intensive care units (ICUs) across Canada. Data were captured on demographics, clinical and laboratory findings, indications for RRT, and timing of RRT initiation. Results Among 119 consecutive patients, the most common ICU admission diagnosis was sepsis/septic shock, occurring in 54%. At the time of RRT initiation, the median and interquartile range (IQR) serum creatinine level was 322 (221-432) μmol·L −1 . The mean (SD) values for other parameters were as follows: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score 13.4 (4.1), pH 7.25 (0.15), potassium 4.6 (1.0) mmol·L −1 . Also, 64% fulfilled the serum creatinine-based criterion for Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) stage 3. Severity of illness, measured using Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) and SOFA scores, did not correlate with AKI severity as defined by the serum creatinine-based AKIN criteria. Median (IQR) time from hospital and ICU admission to the start of RRT was 2.0 (1.0-7.0) days and 1.0 (0-2.0) day, respectively. Conclusion Patients admitted to an ICU who were started on RRT generally had advanced AKI, high-grade illness severity, and multiorgan dysfunction. Also, they were started on RRT shortly after hospital presentation. We describe the current state of practice in Canada regarding the initiation of RRT for AKI in critically ill patients, which can inform the designs of future interventional trials.