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The land use and land cover (LULC) characteristics of Ghaziabad have experienced dynamic changes because of the city’s ongoing industrialization and urbanisation processes. These shifts can be directly attributed to human actions. These shifts can be directly attributed to human actions. Thermal variation in the study area necessitates LULC analysis. Landsat and Sentinel satellite data for 2011 and 2021 were used to map LULC, estimate land surface temperature (LST) and analysis spatial autocorrelation among the variables using ArcGIS software and the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform. A sharp descent is observed in the cropland while built-up area has increased during the study period. With the increase in the built-up surface in the area, the ambient temperatures have also increased from 18.70 °C in 2011 to 21.81 °C in 2021 leading to urban heat island effect. At all spatial scales, spatial autocorrelation is a characteristic property of most ecological parameters. The spatial clustering of LST in an ecosystem can play a crucial role in determining the dynamics of LULC.The Moran’s, I show that there is a considerable level of spatial autocorrelation in the values of LST and highly clustered pattern for both the years. Monitoring and understanding the surface thermal environment is crucial to discerning the causes of climate change.

Rapid change in the regional hydrological state of a river basin under current and future climatic scenarios affects the availability of freshwater resource threatening food and water security. It is imperative to understand the present and future streamflow projections at a river basin scale for effective water resource management. In the present study, we integrate the SWAT model and CMIP6 rainfall projections to simulate present (2001–2020) and future (2021–2049) runoff in the Sabarmati River Basin (SRB). SWAT model was calibrated and validated with in-situ discharge estimates using the SUFI2 algorithm. SWAT model performed well during the calibration period (2001–2012) with NSE 0.69 and R 2 0.7 indicating that the data inputs for the model can simulate the streamflow accurately. To evaluate the CMIP6 model projections, we derived historical rainfall (2001–2014) estimates from 6 CMIP6 models. It was observed that five out of the six models underestimated monthly rainfall for the Indian Summer Monsoon. Future runoff projections indicated highest runoff during October and January attributed to model uncertainty and anthropogenic influences. Changes in streamflow indicate that water management policies need to incorporate future climate scenarios and stringent research on model output dataset for simulation of future streamflow.

The release of the Telepsychiatry Operational Guidelines 2020 in India, during the COVID-19 pandemic, is a relief for both clinicians and patients. These guidelines embark on initiating and executing naive and recently started telepsychiatry services in India. The document is aligned with other ethical regulations, policies, laws and the 2020 Telemedicine Practice Guidelines in India. This paper discusses a few points about the broader applicability of the guideline for the benefit of humankind in the prevailing healthcare crisis. The guidelines may be extrapolated in policy-making for telepsychiatry services in other low- and middle-income countries sharing a similar socioeconomic, cultural and political milieu.

To study the caregiver burden and its correlates among the caregivers of adolescent and adult subjects with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). 30 caregivers of patients with AML were evaluated on family burden interview schedule (FBI), Caregiver Strain Index, multi-dimensional aspect of perceived social support scale, Cognitive-Behavioural Avoidance Scale, ways of coping checklist and General Health Questionnaire. Caregivers of patients with AML reported high caregiver burden (FBI objective burden score: 27.8; subjective burden score: 1.43). Among the various domains of FBI, the mean scores were highest for the domain of disruption of family activities and this was closely followed by disruption of family leisure. Patients with lower family income reported higher subjective and objective burden and were more overwhelmed. Patients belonging to lower socioeconomic status reported more financial burden. Caregiver burden was higher among caregivers who reported lower perceived social support, who more often used avoidance and escape as coping and less often used acceptability–responsibility and positive appraisal coping. Higher caregiver burden is associated with higher psychological morbidity. Caregivers of subjects with AML experience high level of caregiver burden and it is associated with lower social support and more often use maladaptive coping strategies.

Background Tobacco dependence poses a substantial public health challenge in our country. Moreover, there is a well-established association between tobacco use and other substances. Thus, there is a need to enable patients who wish to quit tobacco use by linking them to treatment services and guiding them through the treatment course. This study proposes using artificial intelligence (AI) methods to increase the reach and ease of treatment for tobacco cessation. Methods/design A role-based and cross-platform application named Electronic means of Decreasing Overuse of Substance like Tobacco - a Health promoting Intervention (eDOSTHI) will be developed in English and Bengali to cater to patients. After the development of the software and pilot testing, efficacy testing will be done on a sample of 220 patients (age:18-65 years) each in the intervention and control arm by means of randomized controlled trial followed by assessment at 4 and 24 weeks. Conclusion This study protocol describes randomised controlled trial to evaluate a language compatible and culturally-adapted mobile application (eDOSTHI) that can help patients with tobacco use to obtain medical advice and achieve abstinence. Ethics and dissemination The study has ethical clearance (Ref No. IEC/AIIMS/Kalyani/Meeting/2023/013) from AIIMS Kalyani Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC). The norms of National Ethical Guideline for Biomedical and Health Research Involving Human Participants (2017) by the Indian Council for Medical Research (ICMR) for data collection and for collection of biological samples and storage will be adhered to. CTRI registration CTRI/2025/09/094053 Dated: 01.09.2025.

The response to antipsychotic therapy is highly variable. Pharmacogenomic (PGx) factors play a major role in deciding the effectiveness and safety of antipsychotic drugs. A hybrid type 2 effectiveness-implementation research will be conducted to evaluate the clinical utility (safety and efficacy), cost-effectiveness, and facilitators and barriers in implementing PGx-assisted management compared to standard of care in patients with schizophrenia attending a tertiary care hospital in eastern India. In part 1, a randomized controlled trial will be conducted. Adult patients with schizophrenia will be randomized (2: 1) to receive PGx-assisted treatment (drug and regimen selection depending on the results of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in genes DRD2, HTR1A, HTR2C, ABCB1, CYP2D6, CYP3A5, and CYP1A2) or the standard of care. Serum drug levels will be measured. The patients will be followed up for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint is the difference in the Udvalg for Kliniske Undersøgelser Side-Effect Rating Scale score between the two arms. In part 2, the cost-effectiveness of PGx-assisted treatment will be evaluated. In part 3, the facilitators and barriers to implementing PGx-assisted treatment for schizophrenia will be explored using a qualitative design. The study findings will help in understanding whether PGx-assisted management has a clinical utility, whether it is cost-effective, and what are the facilitators and barriers to implementing it in the management of schizophrenia. The study has been registered with the Clinical Trials Registry-India (CTRI/2023/08/056210).

Abstract Introduction: The aim was to evaluate the outcome of tobacco cessation services. The primary objective was to find the association of early retention in services with tobacco cessation outcomes. Secondarily, it tried to find other sociodemographic, clinical, and treatment-related predictors of tobacco cessation. Methodology: The outcome would be evaluated through a retrospective-prospective design. The retrospective design was recorded based, while the prospective design was done telephonically by calling the patients and enquiring about their status after at least 6 months since their first visit. Patients with \"No tobacco usage in last 1 month\" were considered \"abstinent.\" Those who \"reduced their usage in last 1 month\" by about 50% were considered to have \"reduced\" usage, whereas others who \"continued their usage in same previous manner\" were considered \"same\" user. Results: Out of 356 patients registered between June 1, 2021 and February 28, 2022, 81 (22.75%) could not be contacted, 221 (62.08%) had \"reduced usage\" after a tele-follow-up of at least 6 months, 50 (14.04%) patients have retained similar amount of usage and 4 patients expired. Of the 221 who reduced usage, 53 were abstinent (14.48%). \"Initial retention in services\" that is a single physical follow-up was significantly associated with \"reduced usage\" (P = 0.003) in the tele-follow-up with a median duration of 13 months. With regard to \"abstinence,\" none could stand the test of significance after correction in the logistic model except \"types of tobacco usage\" which predicted a statistically significant effect with an odds ratio of 3.15 (P = 0.01). Conclusion: This study reveals important information regarding \"type of tobacco\" as a predictor of abstinence and \"initial physical retention\" as a predictor of \"reduction in tobacco usage.\" Such studies need further clarification in future, more robust face-to-face studies with biochemical verification.

Background: A culturally appropriate tool to screen and diagnose Eating Disorders (EDs) is lacking in India. Aim: To translate, adapt and validate Eating Disorder Diagnostic Screen (EDDS) in Hindi. Methods: World Health Organization (WHO) process of translation and adaptation of instruments was used. Hindi translation of EDDS was done by three psychiatrists, two of whom were familiar with western culture, their mother tongue being Hindi. The bilingual panel of experts, including three surgeons, one Professor in English language, one morbidly-obese person [with International English Language Testing System (IELTS) score Band 8.5] resolved inconsistencies in translations. Back translation to the English language was done by an independent translator. Pre-testing/focussed-group-discussion/cognitive-interviewing was done in morbidly-obese patients (n=55). Hindi-version so-developed was administered on students (n=120) after a week. Test-retest reliability was assessed. The original EDDS, Modified Weight Bias Internalization Scale (WBIS-M), and Fat Phobia Scale-Short Form (FPS-SF) were applied on 175 participants [students (n=120), patients (n=55)]. Psychometric properties of Hindi-EDDS were investigated. Results: The mean age of students and patients were 18.60 and 43.38 years, respectively. The mean Body-Mass Index (BMI) of students and patients was 21.77 and 43.21Kg/m2, respectively. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity for sample adequacy was 0.859 and χ2=3155.775;p=0.000, respectively. Spearman-Brown coefficient for Hindi-EDDS was 0.755 and 0.707, respectively. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha and Kuder-Richardson 20) was α=0.898. Cross-language concordance had significant intra-class correlation coefficient (0.725-1.000). WBIS-M and FPS-SF showed a significant correlation with various items of Hindi-EDDS. Conclusion: The Hindi-EDDS is culturally-sensitive tool with acceptable psychometric properties.

Aim: To translate, adapt and validate Eating Disorder Diagnostic Screen (EDDS) in Hindi. Methodology: World Health Organization (WHO) process of translation and adaptation of instruments was used. Hindi translation of EDDS was done by three psychiatrists, two of whom were familiar with western culture. All of them were literate in English, their mother tongue being Hindi. The bilingual panel of experts, including three surgeons, one Professor in English language, one morbidly-obese person [with International English Language Testing System (IELTS) score Band 8.5, familiar with both western and Indian cultures] together identified and resolved inadequate expressions of translations or discrepancies. Back translation to the English language was done by an independent translator, whose mother tongue was English. Pre-testing, focussed-group-sessions/cognitive-interviewing was done in morbidly-obese patients (n=55). Hindi-version so-developed was administered on students (n=120) after a week. Test-retest reliability was assessed. The original EDDS, Modified Weight Bias Internalization Scale (WBIS-M), and Fat Phobia Scale-Short Form (FPS-SF) were applied on 175 participants [students (n=120), patients (n=55)]. Psychometric properties of Hindi-EDDS were investigated. Results: The mean age of students and patients were 18.60 and 43.38 years, respectively. The mean Body-Mass Index (BMI) of students and patients was 21.77 and 43.21Kg/m2, respectively. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity for sample adequacy was 0.859 and χ2=3155.775; p=0.000, respectively. Spearman-Brown and Guttman Split-Half coefficient for Hindi-EDDS was 0.755 and 0.707, respectively. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha and Kuder-Richardson 20) was α=0.898. Cross-language concordance had significant intra-class correlation coefficient (0.725-1.000). WBIS-M and FPS-SF showed a significant correlation with various items of Hindi-EDDS. Discussion: A culturally appropriate tool to screen and diagnose EDs is lacking in India. The Hindi-version of EDDS is culturally sensitive and has acceptable psychometric properties on the basis of standard tests. Conclusion: Hindi-EDDS may be used to estimate various epidemiological parameters of EDs in India.

This paper focuses on the suitability of spring water for drinking and irrigation purposes in a part of eastern Himalaya, south Sikkim. There are many anthropogenic and geogenic factors contributing as a source of major cations and anions in the spring water. The spring water chemistry show a variation in EC, pH, TDS, Temperature, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Fe2+, Pb, Mn, Cu, HCO3-, Cl-, PO43-, NO3-, F- and SO42-. Mainly two types of water quality indexing has been used, one for suitability of spring water for drinking purposes and the other for irrigation purposes. For drinking purposes, Piper diagram used for determination of water type, water quality index (WQI) for quality monitoring and saturation index for mineral dissolution in water. % Na, RSC (Residual Sodium Carbon) and SAR (sodium absorption ratio) have been used for irrigation suitability. Piper diagram shows that CaHCO3 type of water was dominant in the study area. The WQI depicted excellent category and SAR, percent sodium and RSC (Residual Sodium Carbon) depict excellent, good and permissible category for irrigation purposes. Principle component analysis (PCA) was used to determine the major influencing factor responsible for the variability in the parameters analysed of spring water.