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Tracks of change : railways and everyday life in colonial India
\"Discusses how railway technology, travel, and infrastructure became increasingly and inextricably woven with everyday life in colonial South Asia, how people negotiated this increasing presence of railways in their lives, and how the ensuing processes has materially shaped South Asia's present\"-- $c Provided by publisher.
Book
A survey on intrusion detection system: feature selection, model, performance measures, application perspective, challenges, and future research directions
With the increase in the usage of the Internet, a large amount of information is exchanged between different communicating devices. The data should be communicated securely between the communicating devices and therefore, network security is one of the dominant research areas for the current network scenario. Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) are therefore widely used along with other security mechanisms such as firewall and access control. Many research ideas have been proposed pertaining to the IDS using machine learning (ML) techniques, deep learning (DL) techniques, and swarm and evolutionary algorithms (SWEVO). These methods have been tested on the datasets such as DARPA, KDD CUP 99, and NSL-KDD using network features to classify attack types. This paper surveys the intrusion detection problem by considering algorithms from areas such as ML, DL, and SWEVO. The survey is a representative research work carried out in the field of IDS from the year 2008 to 2020. The paper focuses on the methods that have incorporated feature selection in their models for performance evaluation. The paper also discusses the different datasets of IDS and a detailed description of recent dataset CIC IDS-2017. The paper presents applications of IDS with challenges and potential future research directions. The study presented, can serve as a pedestal for research communities and novice researchers in the field of network security for understanding and developing efficient IDS models.
Journal Article
The speaking window : tales from a bloodied timeline
Since the very existence of this life sustaining planet Earth, be it the search for food or a new water resource or a place fit for shelter to sustain life, almost every living being has had to travel hundreds and thousands of miles when needed. This volume is about the world's biggest migration in human history which was not a choice for those who migrated!
BOOK
Basic Science and Pathogenesis
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, making up between 60% and 80% of cases. Even with a great deal of work over the years, the exact mechanism of AD has not been fully understood. The disease's pathophysiology is defined by neurofibrillary tangles and β-amyloid plaque, however the mechanism underlying neurodegeneration remains unknown.
Ferroptosis has been identified as a key player in the pathogenic process of AD in recent years. Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and the deposition of senile plaques (SP) are both influenced by iron dyshomeostasis. Ferroptosis is caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) that come from a variety of sources, including the accumulation of free intracellular divalent iron (Fe2+), which causes polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to peroxide and damages membranes. Reduced intracellular availability of antioxidant enzymes, especially glutathione peroxidases (GPXs), is a key cause of ferroptosis. The neurological tissue is particularly susceptible to oxidative injury and ferroptosis due to its high lipid concentration and oxygen consumption rate. All nervous system cell types, including neurons, glial cells, and pericytes, are impacted by ferroptosis.
Iron dysregulation, particularly in microglia, contributes to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress, promoting neurodegeneration. The high lipid content and oxygen consumption in neural tissue make it particularly susceptible to ferroptosis. Understanding the pathways regulating ferroptosis in AD could offer insights for future therapeutic strategies.
According to recent data, ferroptosis linked to neurodegeneration is significantly influenced by iron-loaded microglia. In order to provide useful knowledge for the future treatment and prevention of AD, we examine here the primary pathways regulating ferroptosis in AD as well as the possible connection between AD and ferroptosis. Keyword: Alzheimer, β-amyloid plaque, ferroptosis, antioxidant, glutathione, neurodegeneration.
Journal Article
Ferroptosis and Neurodegeneration: Unlocking New Therapeutic Pathways in Alzheimer's Disease
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, making up between 60% and 80% of cases. Even with a great deal of work over the years, the exact mechanism of AD has not been fully understood. The disease's pathophysiology is defined by neurofibrillary tangles and β‐amyloid plaque, however the mechanism underlying neurodegeneration remains unknown. Methods Ferroptosis has been identified as a key player in the pathogenic process of AD in recent years. Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and the deposition of senile plaques (SP) are both influenced by iron dyshomeostasis. Ferroptosis is caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) that come from a variety of sources, including the accumulation of free intracellular divalent iron (Fe2+), which causes polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to peroxide and damages membranes. Reduced intracellular availability of antioxidant enzymes, especially glutathione peroxidases (GPXs), is a key cause of ferroptosis. The neurological tissue is particularly susceptible to oxidative injury and ferroptosis due to its high lipid concentration and oxygen consumption rate. All nervous system cell types, including neurons, glial cells, and pericytes, are impacted by ferroptosis. Result Iron dysregulation, particularly in microglia, contributes to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress, promoting neurodegeneration. The high lipid content and oxygen consumption in neural tissue make it particularly susceptible to ferroptosis. Understanding the pathways regulating ferroptosis in AD could offer insights for future therapeutic strategies. Conclusion According to recent data, ferroptosis linked to neurodegeneration is significantly influenced by iron‐loaded microglia. In order to provide useful knowledge for the future treatment and prevention of AD, we examine here the primary pathways regulating ferroptosis in AD as well as the possible connection between AD and ferroptosis. Keyword: Alzheimer, β‐amyloid plaque, ferroptosis, antioxidant, glutathione, neurodegeneration.
Journal Article
Review of public–private partnerships across building sectors in nine European countries: Key adaptations for PPP in housing
PurposeThis paper aims to review the existing practices of public–private partnerships (PPPs) in the building sectors in European countries, to be able to assess its suitability for housing provision while focussing on the social impact.Design/methodology/approachBased on the sectoral spread of PPP, nine European countries were included in this study. Formative evaluation is used to structure the review based on four key attributes of PPPs to develop a comprehensive understanding of the existing PPP procedures and guidelines amongst these countries. Data were gathered through public and governmental reports, consultant reports, country guidelines, standards and procedures, and cases, in order to identify the prevalent practices and trends in these countries.FindingsThe review identified the need to calibrate the PPP approach towards other stakeholders, particularly the end-users. It further highlighted the need to focus on social integration and social sustainability and establish set procedures for PPPs in housing to create a credible and trustworthy environment for the investors. Joint support from private and public partners and community participation has a diverse impact on the success of PPP in housing.Practical implicationsThis review shall enable governments, industry and stakeholders to make provisions and policies for overcoming the challenges identified with regard to PPPs and pave the way for its application in the housing sector ensuring a positive social impact.Social implicationsThis review shall facilitate greater involvement of end-users and enhancing social integration in housing through PPP, and pave the way towards creating cohesive communities by focussing on the concept of togetherness and social sustainability.Originality/valueThis study provides a holistic summation of the prevalent PPP practices and broadens the adaptations for the housing sector. The novelty of this paper specifically lies in learning from PPP practices across other building sectors for adapting its utilisation for housing and thereby extending the state of art for PPP housing.
Journal Article
Perinatal depression, perinatal mental health, and legal interventions: a medico-legal anthropological concept
Perinatal depression (PND), and perinatal mental health (PMH) are regarded as an underestimated public health concern. A doctoral study was undertaken to analyze the efficacy of existing health laws and policies in India in addressing and managing PND, and the implications of non-recognition of PND as a public health issue. The interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary study involved four disciplines: Psychiatry, Medical Anthropology, Public Health Law, and International Human Rights Law. The study highlighted the need for synergistic assimilation of knowledge from the four disciplines to read mental health, PND, and PMH. The study novelly emphasized the need to read PND as a ‘medico-legal anthropological’ concept, which manifests medically, results largely, and is strongly influenced by psychosocial factors, making it imperative to recognize perinatal women as a vulnerable population and safeguard their human rights. This approach will facilitate assessments about interventions for addressing and/or managing PND when policy-making/policy reforms regarding PND are in progress.
Journal Article
Documenting Silences - An Ethnographic Inquiry into Gender-Based Violence among Migrant Agricultural Labours in Maharashtra
The paper is an ethnographic account of women migrant sugarcane cutters and their negotiations for survival in a labour market shaped by neoliberal forms of agriculture and embedded patriarchal structures, as well as of their agency over their bodies. The investigation explores the invisibility of structural violence perpetuated by systems rooted in social inequalities, injustices, and coercion. This violence is legitimized and rendered “natural” through conceptualizations of structural violence (Galtung, 1969; Farmer, 2004). Such an investigation deconstructs the dominant narrative of the neoliberal regime, which is ostensibly equated with a free and competition-driven market. This market, however, thrives not by reducing economic and social inequalities but by managing and furthering them. Drawing on Gramsci’s ideas of hegemony (1971) and Althusser’s concept of ideological state apparatuses (1971), the paper illustrates how dominant discourses and institutions normalize and render this structural violence invisible. The victims of such structural violence are left with very little or no agency over their bodies and minds, as revealed in their silences and denials.
Journal Article
Attack classification using feature selection techniques: a comparative study
The goal of securing a network is to protect the information flowing through the network and to ensure the security of intellectual as well as sensitive data for the underlying application. To accomplish this goal, security mechanism such as Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is used, that analyzes the network traffic and extract useful information for inspection. It identifies various patterns and signatures from the data and use them as features for attack detection and classification. Various Machine Learning (ML) techniques are used to design IDS for attack detection and classification. All the features captured from the network packets do not contribute in detecting or classifying attack. Therefore, the objective of our research work is to study the effect of various feature selection techniques on the performance of IDS. Feature selection techniques select relevant features and group them into subsets. This paper implements Chi-Square, Information Gain (IG), and Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) feature selection techniques with ML classifiers namely Support Vector Machine, Naïve Bayes, Decision Tree Classifier, Random Forest Classifier, k-nearest neighbours, Logistic Regression, and Artificial Neural Networks. The methods are experimented on NSL-KDD dataset and comparative analysis of results is presented.
Journal Article
Prodrugs in Oncology: Bioactivation and Impact on Therapeutic Efficacy and Toxicity
A prodrug is a molecule that lacks pharmacological activity, but upon enzymatic bioactivation, it can generate a therapeutically active molecule. The primary reason behind the design of a prodrug is to help circumvent challenges associated with the physicochemical properties of a drug molecule, such as solubility, absorption, distribution, and instability. Chemotherapy has been at the forefront of cancer treatment for over 70 years due to its ability to target rapidly proliferating tumor cells. However, a major concern with conventional chemotherapy is the lack of selectivity and its associated side toxicity, which can severely impact patients’ quality of life. In oncology, prodrugs have been explored to enhance the bioavailability, improve efficacy, and minimize systemic toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents. Prodrugs activated by enzymes unique to a tumor microenvironment can significantly increase targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs. This review aims to highlight commonly used chemotherapeutic prodrugs, including both alkylating and non-alkylating agents, and discuss their clinical relevance, mechanisms of bioactivation, and toxicity concerns.
Journal Article