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"Riva, Corinna"
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Global archaeology and microhistorical analysis. Connecting scales in the 1st-milennium B.C. Mediterranean
Recently, voices have been raised regarding the challenges of Big Data-driven global approaches, including the realization that exclusively tackling the global scale masks social and historical realities. While multi-scalar analyses have confronted this problem, the effects of global approaches are being felt. We highlight one of these effects: as classical scholarship struggles to decolonize itself, the ancient Mediterranean in global archaeology pivots around the Graeco-Roman world only, marginalizing the non-classical Mediterranean, thus foiling attempts at promoting post-colonial perspectives. In highlighting this, our aim is twofold: first, to invigorate the debate on multi-scalar approaches, proposing to incorporate microhistory into archaeological analysis; second, to use the non-classical Mediterranean to demonstrate that historical depth at a micro level is essential to augment that power in our interpretations.
Journal Article
Response. Connecting proposals for a post-colonial global archaeology in the Mediterranean (and beyond)
The Iberian case study which we treated represents one of several, multiple examples which we could have used (and would have liked to use) in the varied Mediterranean of the 1st millennium B.C. – a veritable laboratory for comparative analysis – in order to draw out the problems we have raised. Only attention to the truly micro-scale level of interaction can bring this to the fore, as we have argued for south-eastern Iberia, and as further exemplified by another case study, that of coastal and interior Campania in the central Mediterranean, the former an open society, the latter resistant to change and to connectedness (Cuozzo 2007). [...]while a micro-scale analysis of south-eastern Iberia reveals key anomalous features in the life of urban communities and the nature of their cohesion (e.g. the disappearance of cemeteries once sanctuaries are established, the lack of social hierarchy within urban society), it is, in fact, in the broader overall trend of urban participation and belonging that Athenian citizenship, as an instance of such a trend, looks like an anomaly even within the Greek world, as ancient historians have recently argued. Last but not least, Stoddart adds other solutions to the challenges by proposing that (1) we exploit the evidence coming from settlements as foci of local activity and experience (in fact we agree: our focus on cemeteries was motivated by the theme tackled, namely the role of the ritual sphere in fostering cohesion in the urban community); (2) we integrate the quantitative with the qualitative elements of our evidence, which can be done by investigating all foci of activities and therefore types of archaeological context; (3) we exploit recent instruments in our toolbox (e.g. the application of radiocarbon) to appreciate multiple scales across time, not simply space, which global approaches often fail to take into account.
Journal Article
Urbanization and Foundation Rites
The origins of urbanism in Etruria and central Tyrrhenian Italy have been the concern of both Etruscology and the Roman School of Italian protohistory. This chapter draws a detailed picture of Etruscan urbanization and its accompanying rituals. It examines the evidence for these rituals and considers the scholarly history and the milestones that have occurred over the last 30 years. An emphasis on urban networks in Etruria parallels recent studies on Mediterranean urbanization and colonization that have been influenced by network thinking and the post colonial turn taking place in historical and social sciences over the last decade. Roman foundation rites involved the augurs, who determined the will of the gods through the observation of various natural phenomena. The chapter also examines early Iron Age intramural burials taking place at the physical boundaries of the city, the cemeteries, where burial practices became increasingly elaborate in the course of eighth century.
Book Chapter