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El uso de la técnica de perfilación criminológica como herramienta de investigación criminal, en los últimos años ha sido objeto de revisiones en cuanto a su fundamentación científica, aplicabilidad rigurosa y funcionalidad para el aparato judicial. En consecuencia, esta investigación tuvo como principal objetivo brindar información actualizada sobre la conceptualización de perfilación criminológica, su utilidad y las críticas que ha recibido en el contexto Colombiano. Se realizó análisis del contenido en 34 documentos relacionados con perfilación criminológica, los cuales corresponden a producciones académicas realizadas durante los años 1998 y 2012 en la ciudad de Bogotá por cinco universidades, la Escuela Penitenciaria Nacional y la Escuela de Investigación Criminal de la Policía Nacional, en las cuales se imparte formación en psicología jurídica e investigación criminal. Los resultados y conclusiones de la revisión documental indican que, a) el uso de la técnica en la investigación judicial ha sido limitado, b) es utilizada para comprender el actuar de quienes realizan comportamientos criminosos, c) la mayor parte del conocimiento en perfilación criminológica se origina en la academia, especialmente en el área de psicología jurídica, haciendo análisis y construcciones conceptuales, sin muchos ejercicios de aplicación de la técnica en hechos delictuales, d) es necesario utilizar la técnica con mayor frecuencia dentro del contexto judicial y académico de la capital colombiana.

People with disabilities face social barriers on a daily basis that cause high levels of social exclusion and isolation. As a result, this study analyses the support needs of people with disabilities under institutional protection in relation to community social support. To this end, a correlational cross-sectional study with a mixed methodology was used. A total of 125 people participated in the study. The results indicate that community integration and participation are areas in which the protagonists find severe limitations while social support in formal and informal systems seems to be satisfactory. In addition, the type and location of the residential centre are shown as determining variables.

Background Most care for people with chronic or disabling conditions living in the community is provided in the family context, and this care is traditionally provided by women. Providing informal care has a negative impact on caregivers’ quality of life, which adds to existing health inequalities associated with gender. The aim of this study was to analyze factors associated with the health-related quality of life of caregivers and to determine their differences in a gender-differentiated analysis. Methods An observational, cross-sectional, multicenter study was conducted in primary healthcare. A total of 218 caregivers aged 65 years or older were included, all of whom assumed the primary responsibility for caring for people with disabling conditions for at least 6 months per year and agreed to participate in the CuidaCare study. The dependent variable was health-related quality of life, assessed with the EQ-5D. The explanatory variables tested were grouped into sociodemographic variables, subjective burden, caregiving role, social support and variables related to the dependent person. The associations between these variables and health-related quality of life were estimated by fitting robust linear regression models. Separate analyses were conducted for women and men. Results A total of 72.8% of the sample were women, and 27.2% were men. The mean score on the EQ-5D for female caregivers was 0.64 (0.31); for male caregivers, it was 0.79 (0.23). There were differences by gender in the frequency of reported problems in the dimensions of pain/comfort and anxiety/depression. The variables that were associated with quality of life also differed. Having a positive depression screening was negatively associated with quality of life for both genders: -0.31 points (95% CI: -0.47; -0.15) for female caregivers and -0.48 points (95% CI: -0.92; -0.03) for male caregivers. Perceived burden was associated with quality of life in the adjusted model for women (-0.12 points; 95% CI: -0.19; -0.06), and domestic help was associated in the adjusted model for male caregivers (-0.12 points; 95% CI: -0.19; -0.05). Conclusions Gender differences are present in informal caregiving. The impact of providing informal care is different for male and female caregivers, and so are the factors that affect their perceived quality of life. It could be useful it incorporates a gender perspective in the design of nursing support interventions for caregivers to individualize care and improve the quality of life of caregivers. Trial registration NCT 01478295 [ https://ClinicalTrials.gov ]. 23/11/2011.

Background The association between socioeconomic status and depression is weaker in older adults than in younger populations. Loneliness may play a significant role in this relationship, explaining (at least partially) the attenuation of the social gradient in depression. The current study examined the relationship between socioeconomic status and depression and whether the association was affected by loneliness. Methods A cross-sectional design involving dwelling and nursing homes residents was used. A total of 887 Spanish residents aged over 64 years took part in the study. Measures of Depression (GDS-5 Scale), Loneliness (De Jong-Gierveld Loneliness Scale), Socioeconomic Status (Education and Economic Hardship), and sociodemographic parameters were used. The study employed bivariate association tests (chi-square and Pearson’s r) and logistic regression analyses. Results The percentage of participants at risk of suffering depression was significantly higher among those who had not completed primary education (45.5%) and significantly lower among those with university qualifications (16.4%) (X 2  = 40.25; p  <.001), and respondents who could not make ends meet in financial terms faced a higher risk of depression (X 2  = 23.62; p  <.001). In terms of the respondents who experienced loneliness, 57.5% were at risk of depression, compared to 19% of those who did not report loneliness (X 2  = 120.04; p  <.001). The logistic regression analyses showed that having university qualifications meant a 47% reduction in the risk of depression. This risk was 86% higher among respondents experiencing financial difficulties. However, when scores for the loneliness measure were incorporated, the coefficients relating to education and economic hardships ceased to be significant or were significantly reduced. Conclusion Loneliness can contribute to explaining the role played by socioeconomic inequalities in depression among older adults.

Background In Spain, family is the main source of care for dependent people. Numerous studies suggest that providing informal (unpaid) care during a prolonged period of time results in a morbidity-generating burden. Caregivers constitute a high-risk group that experiences elevated stress levels, which reduce their quality of life. Different strategies have been proposed to improve management of this phenomenon in order to minimize its impact, but definitive conclusions regarding their effectiveness are lacking. Methods/Design A community clinical trial is proposed, with a 1-year follow-up period, that is multicentric, controlled, parallel, and with randomized allocation of clusters in 20 health care centers within the Community of Madrid. The study's objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of a standard care intervention in primary health care (intervention CuidaCare) to improve the quality of life of the caregivers, measured at 0, 6, and 12 months after the intervention. One hundred and forty two subjects (71 from each group) ≥65 years, identified by the nurse as the main caregivers, and who provide consent to participate in the study will be included. The main outcome variable will be perceived quality of life as measured by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) of EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D). The secondary outcome variables will be EQ-5D Dimensions, EQ-5D Index, nursing diagnosis, and Zarit's test. Prognostic variables will be recorded for the dependent patient and the caregiver. The principle analysis will be done by comparing the average change in EQ-5D VAS value before and after intervention between the two groups. All statistical tests will be performed as intention-to-treat. Prognostic factors' estimates will be adjusted by mixed-effects regression models. Possible confounding or effect-modifying factors will be taken into account. Discussion Assistance for the caregiver should be integrated into primary care services. In order to do so, incorporating standard, effective interventions with relevant outcome variables such as quality of life is necessary. Community care nurses are at a privileged position to develop interventions like the proposed one. Trial registration This trial has been registered in ClinicalTrials.gov under code number NCT 01478295 .

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has increased significantly over the past three decades, with an estimated 30–40% of cases remaining undiagnosed. Brown and beige adipose tissues are known for their remarkable catabolic capacity, and their ability to diminish blood glucose plasma concentration. Beige adipose tissue can be differentiated from adipose-derived stem cells or through transdifferentiation from white adipocytes. However, the impact of T2D progression on beige adipocytes’ functional capacity remains unclear. Transcriptomic profiling of subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies from healthy normal-weight, obese, prediabetic obese, and obese subjects diagnosed with T2D, reveals a progressive alteration in cellular processes associated with catabolic metabolism, circadian rhythms, thermogenesis-related signaling pathways, cellular stress, and inflammation. MAX is a potential transcription factor that links inflammation with the circadian clock and thermogenesis during the progression of T2D. This study unveils an unrecognized transcriptional circuit that increasingly disrupts subcutaneous adipose tissue oxidative capacity during the progression of T2D. These findings could open new research venues for developing chrono-pharmaceutical strategies to treat and prevent T2D. Transcriptomic analysis reveals progressive changes in subcutaneous adipose tissue during type 2 diabetes, impacting catabolic metabolism, circadian rhythms, thermogenesis-related signalling pathways, cellular stress, and inflammation.

La obesidad se ha convertido en una importante causa de comorbilidades, por lo cual es importante reconocer de forma temprana las enfermedades asociadas a esta patología así como su tratamiento, con el fin de disminuir costos en los sistemas de salud. El síndrome de hipoventilación del obeso (SHO) se ha definido por la triada de obesidad, hipoventilación diurna y respiración alterada durante el sueño, en ausencia de otra patología que explique las anormalidades respiratorias. Un tratamiento efectivo puede llevar a una mejoría clínica significativa, por ello la importancia de conocer los aspectos epidemiológicos y fisiopatológicos, de este síndrome para obtener un diagnóstico precoz y un tratamiento oportuno. En este sentido, la característica distintiva del SHO es la presencia de hipercapnia e hipoxemia diurna (PaCO2 > 45 mmHg y PaO2 < 70 mmHg a nivel del mar) en un paciente obeso. Siendo sus pilares terapéuticos, la presión positiva continua de la vía aérea (CPAP) y los cambios en el estilo de vida como la pérdida de peso, mientras que las intervenciones invasivas (flebotomía y traqueostomía) así como la farmacoterapia (medroxiprogesterona y acetazolamida) se han utilizado de forma anecdótica como parte del manejo.