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"Robert, A."
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Stewardship of the Built Environment
When we think of green building, we tend to picture new construction. But Robert A. Young argues that the greenest building is often the one that has already been built. In Stewardship of the Built Environment, he shows how rehabilitating and reusing existing structures holds untapped potential for achieving sustainable communities. Students and professionals alike will discover the multifaceted benefits of reuse.
eBook
Circuit complexity in quantum field theory
A
bstract
Motivated by recent studies of holographic complexity, we examine the question of circuit complexity in quantum field theory. We provide a quantum circuit model for the preparation of Gaussian states, in particular the ground state, in a free scalar field theory for general dimensions. Applying the geometric approach of Nielsen to this quantum circuit model, the complexity of the state becomes the length of the shortest geodesic in the space of circuits. We compare the complexity of the ground state of the free scalar field to the analogous results from holographic complexity, and find some surprising similarities.
Journal Article
Climate and human migration : past experiences, future challenges
\"Studies warn that global warming and sea level rise will create hundreds of millions of environmental refugees. While climate change will undoubtedly affect future migration patterns and behavior, the potential outcomes are far more complex than the environmental refugee scenario suggests. This book provides a comprehensive review of how physical and human processes interact to shape migration, using simple diagrams and models to guide the researcher, policy maker, and advanced student through the climate-migration process. The book applies standard concepts and theories used in climate and migration scholarship to explain how events such as Hurricane Katrina, the Dust Bowl, African droughts, and floods in Bangladesh and China have triggered migrations that haven't always fit the environmental refugee storyline. Lessons from past migrations are used to predict how future migration patterns will unfold in the face of sea level rise, food insecurity, and political instability, and to review options for policy makers\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Rethinking drug design in the artificial intelligence era
Artificial intelligence (AI) tools are increasingly being applied in drug discovery. While some protagonists point to vast opportunities potentially offered by such tools, others remain sceptical, waiting for a clear impact to be shown in drug discovery projects. The reality is probably somewhere in-between these extremes, yet it is clear that AI is providing new challenges not only for the scientists involved but also for the biopharma industry and its established processes for discovering and developing new medicines. This article presents the views of a diverse group of international experts on the ‘grand challenges’ in small-molecule drug discovery with AI and the approaches to address them.Artificial intelligence (AI) tools are increasingly being applied in drug discovery. This article presents the views of a group of international experts on the ‘grand challenges’ in small-molecule drug discovery with AI, including obtaining appropriate data sets, generating new hypotheses, optimizing in a multi-objective manner, reducing cycle times and changing the research culture.
Journal Article
MOOCs, high technology, & higher learning
\"In MOOCs, High Technology, and Higher Education, Rob Rhoads seeks to put the OpenCourseWare (OCW) movement into a larger context that culminates in the introduction of Massively Open Online Courses (MOOCs). This book highlights a particular moment in history when cultural, political, and economic forces came together to bring about the MOOC as a unique educational innovation. In addition to defining MOOCs apart from other online course systems, Rhoads offers a provocative description of the various learning cultures and methods that continue to stimulate and expand the demand for MOOCs as a social movement in higher education. The methodology undergirding this book combines critical discourse analysis of key documents and publications as well as empirical studies of MOOC-related issues, including studies of MOOC content delivery, the organizational system supporting the OCW/MOOC movement, and faculty labor concerns\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The drug–target residence time model: a 10-year retrospective
Over the past decade, the drug–target residence time model has been broadly applied to drug discovery programmes across multiple therapeutic areas. To mark the 10 year anniversary of this model, Copeland discusses the benefits of assessing residence time, highlighting some of the advances in its theory and application.
The drug–target residence time model was first introduced in 2006 and has been broadly adopted across the chemical biology, biotechnology and pharmaceutical communities. While traditional
in vitro
methods view drug–target interactions exclusively in terms of equilibrium affinity, the residence time model takes into account the conformational dynamics of target macromolecules that affect drug binding and dissociation. The key tenet of this model is that the lifetime (or residence time) of the binary drug–target complex, and not the binding affinity
per se
, dictates much of the
in vivo
pharmacological activity. Here, this model is revisited and key applications of it over the past 10 years are highlighted.
Journal Article
New insights into the mechanisms of epithelial–mesenchymal transition and implications for cancer
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular programme that is known to be crucial for embryogenesis, wound healing and malignant progression. During EMT, cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix interactions are remodelled, which leads to the detachment of epithelial cells from each other and the underlying basement membrane, and a new transcriptional programme is activated to promote the mesenchymal fate. In the context of neoplasias, EMT confers on cancer cells increased tumour-initiating and metastatic potential and a greater resistance to elimination by several therapeutic regimens. In this Review, we discuss recent findings on the mechanisms and roles of EMT in normal and neoplastic tissues, and the cell-intrinsic signals that sustain expression of this programme. We also highlight how EMT gives rise to a variety of intermediate cell states between the epithelial and the mesenchymal state, which could function as cancer stem cells. In addition, we describe the contributions of the tumour microenvironment in inducing EMT and the effects of EMT on the immunobiology of carcinomas.
Journal Article