Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
1,290
result(s) for
"Roberts, Patrick"
Sort by:
Defining the ‘generalist specialist’ niche for Pleistocene Homo sapiens
Definitions of our species as unique within the hominin clade have tended to focus on differences in capacities for symbolism, language, social networking, technological competence and cognitive development. More recently, however, attention has been turned towards humans’ unique ecological plasticity. Here, we critically review the growing archaeological and palaeoenvironmental datasets relating to the Middle–Late Pleistocene (300–12 thousand years ago) dispersal of our species within and beyond Africa. We argue, based on comparison with the available information for other members of the genus
Homo
, that our species developed a new ecological niche, that of the ‘generalist specialist’. Not only did it occupy and utilize a diversity of environments, but it also specialized in its adaptation to some of these environmental extremes. Understanding this ecological niche provides a framework for discussing what it means to be human and how our species became the last surviving hominin on the planet.
The success of humans as the last surviving species of the hominin clade may be explained by our ecological plasticity. Roberts and Stewart review evidence for human dispersal 300,000–12,000 years before present and propose that humans thrived via a unique ‘generalist specialist’ ecological niche.
Journal Article
Jungle : how tropical forests shaped the world-and us
\"Jungle tells a deep new history of the world, arguing that tropical rainforests played an outsize and overlooked role in our lives. Although we now recognize the crucial role tropical forests play in regulating planetary systems like the atmosphere, we still tend to think of them as a kind of \"green hell,\" as inhospitable, prehistoric wildernesses, largely irrelevant to our lives. This has made it easier for private interests to exploit rainforest resources, but it also influences environment policy. We treat rainforests as either raw commodities, or as landscapes that are unfit for human life and should be left alone. But in recent years, new developments in archaeology and anthropology have cast doubt on this narrative. Patrick Roberts is one of the leaders of this growing area of research, and in Jungle, he reveals mounting evidence that the rainforests have always been intimately connected to life on Earth. They made the planet habitable for the first land animals, oversaw the rise and fall of the dinosaurs, disseminated the first flowering plants around the globe, and played host to the emergence and development of human societies. This last point is especially provocative, as Roberts challenges the dominant narrative that homo sapiens evolved in the East African savannahs. These findings shed new light on the first humans, as well as the cultural biases we bring to studying them. Roberts argues that, in part, we have missed signs of human life in the rainforests because it was markedly different from our own. Western archaeologists and anthropologists historically look for signs of cultures that dominated and permanently altered landscapes. (Which is to say, cultures that look Western.) But life in the rainforests reveals a more flexible, less domineering relationship with the land. Because we were looking for the wrong things, we simply missed some of the earliest signs of farming practices in Papua New Guinea, and Mayan cities that were arguably some of the largest urban structures in the pre-industrial world. Roberts reevaluates the assumptions that we bring to the study human evolution, what counts as \"wilderness,\" and how human societies can be organized. It could not come at a more important time, as both the capitalist destruction of tropical forests and misguided conservation efforts push these environments to the point of collapse, Blending cutting-edge research and incisive social commentary, Jungle offers a bold vision of what the rainforests can teach us about who we are and where we come from\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Heading north: Late Pleistocene environments and human dispersals in central and eastern Asia
The adaptability of our species, as revealed by the geographic routes and palaeoenvironmental contexts of human dispersal beyond Africa, is a prominent topic in archaeology and palaeoanthropology. Northern and Central Asia have largely been neglected as it has been assumed that the deserts and mountain ranges of these regions acted as 'barriers', forcing human populations to arc north into temperate and arctic Siberia. Here, we test this proposition by constructing Least Cost Path models of human dispersal under glacial and interstadial conditions between prominent archaeological sites in Central and East Asia. Incorporating information from palaeoclimatic, palaeolake, and archaeological data, we demonstrate that regions such as the Gobi Desert and the Altai Mountain chains could have periodically acted as corridors and routes for human dispersals and framing biological interactions between hominin populations. Review of the archaeological datasets in these regions indicates the necessity of wide-scale archaeological survey and excavations in many poorly documented parts of Eurasia. We argue that such work is likely to highlight the 'northern routes' of human dispersal as variable, yet crucial, foci for understanding the extreme adaptive plasticity characteristic of the emergence of Homo sapiens as a global species, as well as the cultural and biological hybridization of the diverse hominin species present in Asia during the Late Pleistocene.
Journal Article
Give 'em soul, Richard! : race, radio, and rhythm and blues in Chicago
Radio deejay and political activist Richard E. Stamz witnessed every significant period in the history of blues and jazz in the last century. The pioneering Chicago broadcaster and activist died in 2007 at the age of 101, but not before relating the details of his life, along with insights on the larger historical trends that were unfolding around him.
Book
Anthropogenic impacts on Late Holocene land-cover change and floristic biodiversity loss in tropical southeastern Asia
Southern China and Southeast Asia witnessed some of their most significant economic and social changes relevant to human land use during the Late Holocene, including the intensification and spread of rice agriculture. Despite rice growth being associated with a number of earth systems impacts, howthese changes transformed tropical vegetation in this region of immense endemic biodiversity remains poorly understood. Here, we compile a pollen dataset incorporating ∼150,000 identifications and 233 pollen taxa to examine past changes in floral biodiversity, together with a compilation of records of forest decline across the region using 14 pollen records spanning lowland to mountain sites. Our results demonstrate that the rise of intensive rice agriculture from approximately 2,000 y ago led not only to extensive deforestation but also to remarkable changes of vegetation composition and a reduction in arboreal diversity. Focusing specifically on the Tertiary relic tree species, the freshwater wetland conifer Glyptostrobus (Glyptostrobus pensilis), we demonstrate how key species that had survived changing environmental conditions across millions of years shrank in the face of paddy rice farming and human disturbance.
Journal Article
Bitten by the blues : the Alligator Records story
It started with the searing sound of a slide careening up the neck of an electric guitar. In 1970, twenty-three-year-old Bruce Iglauer walked into Florence's Lounge, in the heart of Chicago's South Side, and was overwhelmed by the joyous, raw Chicago blues of Hound Dog Taylor and the HouseRockers. A year later, Iglauer produced Hound Dog's debut album in eight hours and pressed a thousand copies, the most he could afford. From that one album grew Alligator Records, the largest independent blues record label in the world. Bitten by the Blues is Iglauer's memoir of a life immersed in the blues-and the business of the blues. No one person was present at the creation of more great contemporary blues music than Iglauer: he produced albums by Koko Taylor, Albert Collins, Professor Longhair, Johnny Winter, Lonnie Mack, Son Seals, Roy Buchanan, Shemekia Copeland, and many other major figures. In this book, Iglauer takes us behind the scenes, offering unforgettable stories of those charismatic musicians and classic sessions, delivering an intimate and unvarnished look at what it's like to work with the greats of the blues. It's a vivid portrait of some of the extraordinary musicians and larger-than-life personalities who brought America's music to life in the clubs of Chicago's South and West Sides. Bitten by the Blues is also an expansive history of half a century of blues in Chicago and around the world, tracing the blues recording business through massive transitions, as a genre of music originally created by and for black southerners adapted to an influx of white fans and musicians and found a worldwide audience. Most of the smoky bars and packed clubs that fostered the Chicago blues scene have long since disappeared. But their soul lives on, and so does their sound. As real and audacious as the music that shaped it, Bitten by the Blues is a raucous journey through the world of Genuine Houserockin' Music.
Book
Mechanistic modeling as an explanatory tool for clinical treatment of chronic catatonia
Mathematical modeling of neural systems is an effective means to integrate complex information about the brain into a numerical tool that can help explain observations. However, the use of neural models to inform clinical decisions has been limited. In this study, we use a simple model of brain circuitry, the Wilson-Cowan model, to predict changes in a clinical measure for catatonia, the Bush-Francis Catatonia Rating Scale, for use in clinical treatment of schizophrenia. This computational tool can then be used to better understand mechanisms of action for pharmaceutical treatments, and to fine-tune dosage in individual cases. We present the conditions of clinical care for a residential patient cohort, and describe methods for synthesizing data to demonstrated the functioning of the model. We then show that the model can be used to explain effect sizes of treatments and estimate outcomes for combinations of medications. We conclude with a demonstration of how this model could be personalized for individual patients to inform ongoing treatment protocols.
Journal Article
Triangulation supports agricultural spread of the Transeurasian languages
The origin and early dispersal of speakers of Transeurasian languages—that is, Japanese, Korean, Tungusic, Mongolic and Turkic—is among the most disputed issues of Eurasian population history
1
–
3
. A key problem is the relationship between linguistic dispersals, agricultural expansions and population movements
4
,
5
. Here we address this question by ‘triangulating’ genetics, archaeology and linguistics in a unified perspective. We report wide-ranging datasets from these disciplines, including a comprehensive Transeurasian agropastoral and basic vocabulary; an archaeological database of 255 Neolithic–Bronze Age sites from Northeast Asia; and a collection of ancient genomes from Korea, the Ryukyu islands and early cereal farmers in Japan, complementing previously published genomes from East Asia. Challenging the traditional ‘pastoralist hypothesis’
6
–
8
, we show that the common ancestry and primary dispersals of Transeurasian languages can be traced back to the first farmers moving across Northeast Asia from the Early Neolithic onwards, but that this shared heritage has been masked by extensive cultural interaction since the Bronze Age. As well as marking considerable progress in the three individual disciplines, by combining their converging evidence we show that the early spread of Transeurasian speakers was driven by agriculture.
A ‘triangulation’ approach combining linguistics, archaeology and genetics suggests that the origin and spread of Transeurasian family of languages can be traced back to early millet farmers in Neolithic North East Asia.
Journal Article