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"Robertson, Margaret"
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Aspects of mentorship in team supervision of doctoral students in Australia
This article examines three aspects of mentorship in collaborative supervision of HDR studies in Australian contexts. The first aspect of mentorship is what the doctoral student learns about supervision-positively or negatively-through the experience of being supervised (supervisor to student). The second aspect is understood as an experienced supervisor who oversees a novice supervisor as part of their rite of passage to becoming a principal supervisor, (expert to novice). Team modes of supervision, particularly collaborative modes open up new ways of performing mentorship within the supervisory context adding richness to the learning context for all participants. To address problems arising from the complexity of team supervision, a third aspect of mentorship might be considered productive (ex- officio mentor to team). The article concludes that mentorship about supervision in each aspect is enhanced through collaboration, though there are challenges for universities to make more systematic the mentor role of principal supervisors. The recommendations have implications for university policy and practices. [Author abstract]
Journal Article
Gestión turística ¿asignatura pendiente?
Se habla mucho de la gestión turístico mas se ejerce poco. Se utiliza el modelo TALC (Butler 1980) como gran angular para explorar algunos de los temas problemáticos enfrentados por la mayoría de los destinos turísticos en la actualidad (pre‑COVID). Se centra en algunos aspectos básicos del modelo TALC como son la capacidad de carga y otras fuerzas endógenas o externas desencadenantes de cambios determinantes en los destinos turísticos. Se argumenta asimismo que exista cierta reticencia por parte de muchos stakeholders, sobre todo los elementos políticos a la hora de gestionar para la sostenibilidad, hecho que aboca a muchos destinos al sobreturismo y a la pérdida de calidad de vida. Hace falta visibilizar el papel político como cuarta pata de la sostenibilidad, ya que sin voluntad política, todo esfuerzo hacia la sostenibilidad termine fracasando. Hace falta asimismo redefinir la escala y la calidad del turismo ofrecido además de medir el éxito de un destino según parámetros muy distintos a los cuantitativos (números de turistas y cantidad bruta del gasto turístico) que se han utilizado en la época pre‑pandémica: es decir, gestionar hacia la sostenibilidad y la seguridad, claves del éxito en el futuro post‑COVID.
Journal Article
An Evolutionary Conserved Role for Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase in Behavioral Responses to Ethanol
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (Alk) is a gene expressed in the nervous system that encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase commonly known for its oncogenic function in various human cancers. We have determined that Alk is associated with altered behavioral responses to ethanol in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, in mice, and in humans. Mutant flies containing transposon insertions in dAlk demonstrate increased resistance to the sedating effect of ethanol. Database analyses revealed that Alk expression levels in the brains of recombinant inbred mice are negatively correlated with ethanol-induced ataxia and ethanol consumption. We therefore tested Alk gene knockout mice and found that they sedate longer in response to high doses of ethanol and consume more ethanol than wild-type mice. Finally, sequencing of human ALK led to the discovery of four polymorphisms associated with a low level of response to ethanol, an intermediate phenotype that is predictive of future alcohol use disorders (AUDs). These results suggest that Alk plays an evolutionary conserved role in ethanol-related behaviors. Moreover, ALK may be a novel candidate gene conferring risk for AUDs as well as a potential target for pharmacological intervention.
Journal Article
Chromosome 15q25.1 genetic markers associated with level of response to alcohol in humans
As with other genetically complex common psychiatric and medical conditions, multiple genetic and environmental components contribute to alcohol use disorders (AUDs), which can confound attempts to identify genetic components. Intermediate phenotypes are often more closely correlated with underlying biology and have often proven invaluable in genetic studies. Level of response (LR) to alcohol is an intermediate phenotype for AUDs, and individuals with a low LR are at increased risk. A high rate of concurrent alcohol and nicotine use and dependence suggests that these conditions may share biochemical and genetic mechanisms. Genetic association studies indicate that a genetic locus, which includes the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 gene cluster, plays a role in nicotine consumption and dependence. Genetic association with alcohol dependence was also recently shown. We show here that two of the markers from the nicotine studies also show an association (multiple testing corrected P < 0.025) with several LR phenotypes in a sample of 367 siblings. Additional markers in the region were analyzed and shown to be located in a 250-kb expanse of high linkage disequilibrium containing three additional genes. These findings indicate that LR intermediate phenotypes have utility in genetic approaches to AUDs and will prove valuable in the identification of other genetic loci conferring susceptibility to AUDs.
Journal Article
The recognition and management of delirium superimposed on dementia
Purpose
This essay was written as a university assignment for an expert dementia practice module as part of the Masters in Applied Professional Practice. This paper aims to provide a critical discussion of the recognition and management of delirium superimposed on dementia.
Design/methodology/approach
The findings of this paper showed that the recognition of delirium superimposed of dementia is not well recognized, but early intervention and management can result in preferential outcomes. This requires the use of appropriate recognition tools and for all health-care staff to have specific training within this area.
Findings
Education is imperative to improving delirium recognition.
Research limitations/implications
Education is imperative to improving awareness.
Practical implications
The research implications of this paper demonstrate that appropriate training and education of health-care staff is imperative for the timely recognition of delirium and the improvement of care.
Originality/value
This paper was undertaken as an assignment for the University of Highlands and Islands.
Journal Article
Functional characterization of human variants of the mu-opioid receptor gene
Opioids and their receptors have an important role in analgesia and alcohol and substance use disorders (ASUD). We have identified several naturally occurring amino acid changing variants of the human mu-opioid receptor (MOR), and assessed the functional consequences of these previously undescribed variants in stably expressing cell lines. Several of these variants had altered trafficking and signaling properties. We found that an L85I variant showed significant internalization in response to morphine, in contrast to the WT MOR, which did not internalize in response to morphine. Also, when L85I and WT receptor were coexpressed, WT MOR internalized with the L85I MOR, suggesting that, in the heterozygous condition, the L85I phenotype would be dominant. This finding is potentially important, because receptor internalization has been associated with development of tolerance to opiate analgesics. In contrast, an R181C variant abolished both signaling and internalization in response to saturating doses of the hydrolysis-resistant enkephalin [D-Ala2,N-MePhe4,Gly5-ol]enkephalin (DAMGO). Coexpression of the R181C and WT receptor led to independent trafficking of the 2 receptors. S42T and C192F variants showed a rightward shift in potency of both morphine and DAMGO, whereas the S147C variant displayed a subtle leftward shift in morphine potency. These data suggest that these and other such variants may have clinical relevance to opioid responsiveness to both endogenous ligands and exogenous drugs, and could influence a broad range of phenotypes, including ASUD, pain responses, and the development of tolerance to morphine.
Journal Article
Inverse Relationship between Microsatellite Instability and K- ras and p53 Gene Alterations in Colon Cancer
Some studies have shown an inverse relationship between microsatellite instability in colon cancer and mutations in
p53 and K-
ras, whereas others have not. We therefore evaluated these features in a population-based sample of 496 individuals with colon cancer. Microsatellite instability was determined by a panel of 10 tetranucleotide repeats, the Bethesda consensus panel of mono- and dinucleotide repeats, and coding mononucleotide repeats in transforming growth factor-beta receptor type II,
hMSH3, BAX, hMSH6, and insulin-like growth factor receptor type II. Mutations in codons 12 and 13 in K-
ras were evaluated by sequencing. p53 overexpression (as detected by immunohistochemistry) was used as an indicator of
p53 mutation; this was evaluated in 275 of the tumors. K-
ras mutations were present in 33.2% of tumors, p53 overexpression in 51.5%, and microsatellite instability (as determined by the Bethesda consensus panel) in 12.5%. K-
ras mutations were significantly less common in unstable tumors than stable tumors (11.8%
versus 36.9%,
P < 0.001). p53 overexpression was significantly less common in unstable tumors than stable tumors (20.0%
versus 55.7%,
P < 0.001). These inverse relationships between microsatellite instability and
ras gene mutations and p53 overexpression were shown to be independent of tumor site in logistic regression analyses. All other measures of instability also showed statistically significant inverse relationships independent of tumor site with alterations in
ras and
p53, and instability results determined by the panel of 10 tetranucleotide repeats were highly significantly related to those determined by the Bethesda consensus panel. Coding mononucleotide repeat mutations were significantly more common in unstable tumors than stable tumors (85.7%
versus 1.0%,
P < 0.001). We conclude that there is an inverse relationship between microsatellite instability and mutations in
p53 and K-
ras, and that the molecular profile of colon cancers with microsatellite instability is characterized by relatively infrequent mutations in K-
ras and
p53 and relatively frequent mutations in coding mononucleotide repeats.
Journal Article
We Were the Ones Really Doing Something About It
Current understandings of worker mobilisation against factory closure and capital migration in Britain are dominated by the perspectives of male industrial workers. The narratives of displaced miners, shipbuilders and steel workers are prominent in the historiography and collective memories of deindustrialisation. There is considerably less understanding of the response of female manufacturing workers to these processes and the ways in which women mobilised in opposition to the free movement of capital. This article presents the testimony of Margaret Robertson, shop steward at the Lee Jeans factory in Greenock, Scotland, where the predominantly female workforce conducted a successful seven-month occupation in opposition to proposed closure beginning in February 1981. The contribution highlights the specific gendered challenges encountered by women workers. The occupation occurred in a period of accelerated factory closure in Britain, yet supporting female unionists resisting job loss was not a priority for the male-dominated union executive.
Journal Article
The Potential Role of Human Milk Oligosaccharides in Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is the most common gastrointestinal (GI) disorder in Western populations and therefore a major public health/economic concern. However, despite extensive research, psychological and physiological factors that contribute to the aetiology of IBS remain poorly understood. Consequently, clinical management of IBS is reduced to symptom management through various suboptimal options. Recent evidence has suggested human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) as a potential therapeutic option for IBS. Here, we review literature concerning the role of HMOs in IBS, including data from intervention and in vitro trials. HMO supplementation shows promising results in altering the gut microbiota and improving IBS symptoms, for instance by stimulating bifidobacteria. Further research in adults is required into HMO mechanisms, to confirm the preliminary results available to date and recommendations of HMO use in IBS.
Journal Article