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"Robinson, I."
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Global capitalism and the crisis of humanity
\"This exciting new study provides an original and provocative exposâe of the crisis of global capitalism in its multiple dimensions - economic, political, social, ecological, military, and cultural. Building on his earlier works on globalization, William I. Robinson discusses the nature of the new global capitalism, the rise of a globalized production and financial system, a transnational capitalist class, and a transnational state and warns of the rise of a global police state to contain the explosive contradictions of a global capitalist system that is crisis-ridden and out of control. Robinson concludes with an exploration of how diverse social and political forces are responding to the crisis and alternative scenarios for the future\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The Global Police State
As the world becomes ever more unequal, people become ever more 'disposable'. Today, governments systematically exclude sections of their populations from society through heavy-handed policing. But it doesn't always go to plan. William I. Robinson exposes the nature and dynamics of this out-of-control system, arguing for the urgency of creating a movement capable of overthrowing it. The global police state uses a variety of ingenious methods of control, including mass incarceration, police violence, US-led wars, the persecution of immigrants and refugees, and the repression of environmental activists. Movements have emerged to combat the increasing militarization, surveillance and social cleansing; however many of them appeal to a moral sense of social justice rather than addressing its root - global capitalism. Using shocking data which reveals how far capitalism has become a system of repression, Robinson argues that the emerging megacities of the world are becoming the battlegrounds where the excluded and the oppressed face off against the global police state.
eBook
أنا وكلبي
يعد هذا الكتاب \"أنا وكلبي\" قصة مخصصة للأطفال تستهدف الطفولة وتعمل على استثمار الطفل في بناء المهارات المختلفة المرتبطة بالخيال والابتكار وقوة الشخصية والبحث عن حلول إبداعية وتستمد الطفل الكثير من العلم والمعرفة والمعلومات ويعد من المنهج السلوكي التربوي رائع يعلم الطفل كيف يستخلص من مشكلاته وكيف يبني شخصيته بشكل مميز.
Book
Amazon windthrow disturbances are likely to increase with storm frequency under global warming
Forest mortality caused by convective storms (windthrow) is a major disturbance in the Amazon. However, the linkage between windthrows at the surface and convective storms in the atmosphere remains unclear. In addition, the current Earth system models (ESMs) lack mechanistic links between convective wind events and tree mortality. Here we find an empirical relationship that maps convective available potential energy, which is well simulated by ESMs, to the spatial pattern of large windthrow events. This relationship builds connections between strong convective storms and forest dynamics in the Amazon. Based on the relationship, our model projects a 51 ± 20% increase in the area favorable to extreme storms, and a 43 ± 17% increase in windthrow density within the Amazon by the end of this century under the high-emission scenario (SSP 585). These results indicate significant changes in tropical forest composition and carbon cycle dynamics under climate change.
The authors link the frequency of convective storms in the Amazon basin to the density of large forest mortality events (windthrows) and project an increase in forest disturbance from these dynamics due to climate warming over this century.
Journal Article
Case Studies of Forest Windthrows and Mesoscale Convective Systems in Amazonia
This study identifies 38 cases of windthrows in the Amazonia to explore the relationship between windthrows and the characteristics (storm passing time, cloud top temperature, and maximum precipitation) of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) that produced them. Most of windthrow cases in this study occurred in August and September. The storm passing time is positively correlated with the size of windthrows. MCSs with colder cloud top temperature (with a mean at 206 K)—indicating deeper convection—resulted in large windthrows, while those with warm cloud top (with a mean above 230 K) resulted in relatively small windthrows except for windthrows in the western Amazonia. No significant relationship is found between maximum precipitation intensity and the area of windthrows. Plain Language Summary Fan‐shaped dead forest patches were found over the entire Amazonia. These patches affect the role the Amazon forests played in the world's carbon cycle. Scientists found that frequent thunderstorms result in these dead forest patches, but how does the process happen? In this study, we explored the three characteristics of thunderstorms, including their passing over time, cloud top temperature, and associated precipitation, to identify their relationship with the size of the dead forests. We found that long‐lived thunderstorms with thicker and tall clouds, providing more power to the mesoscale convective systems, result in bigger sizes of dead forest patches. Moreover, forests in the western Amazonia are more vulnerable to thunderstorms than forests on the other parts of the Amazonia. Key Points The storm passing time of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) is positively correlated with the size of windthrows MCSs with colder cloud top temperature are associated with larger size of windthrows No significant relationship is found between maximum precipitation intensity and the area of windthrows
Journal Article
المهارات الثلاث العليا : مهارات المعلومات للمتعلمين الأطفال
كيف يساعد المربون والآباء الأطفال الصغار في النجاح في أي عمل يريدون إنجازه ؟ ما هي المهارات التي يتوجب على المربين والآباء تعليمها لأطفالهم لكي يصبحوا قادرين على التفكير في مشكلاتهم وبارعين في حل هذه المشكلات ؟ إذا كان إنجاز أي مهمة أو عمل يستوجب القيام بعملية تتألف من خطوات فما هي هذه الخطوات التي كان نوع هذه الأعمال ؟ يتعين على الأطفال تعلمها وإتقانها لكي ينجحوا في أداء أعمالهم أيا هذه الأسئلة وغيرها يجيبنا عنها الكتاب مبينا الطرق والأساليب التي ينبغي على الأطفال تعلمها في شن مبكرة ليكونوا قادرين على النجاح في تحقيق أي مهمة يريدون إنجازها.
BOOK
Large-Scale Wind Disturbances Promote Tree Diversity in a Central Amazon Forest
Canopy gaps created by wind-throw events, or blowdowns, create a complex mosaic of forest patches varying in disturbance intensity and recovery in the Central Amazon. Using field and remote sensing data, we investigated the short-term (four-year) effects of large (>2000 m(2)) blowdown gaps created during a single storm event in January 2005 near Manaus, Brazil, to study (i) how forest structure and composition vary with disturbance gradients and (ii) whether tree diversity is promoted by niche differentiation related to wind-throw events at the landscape scale. In the forest area affected by the blowdown, tree mortality ranged from 0 to 70%, and was highest on plateaus and slopes. Less impacted areas in the region affected by the blowdown had overlapping characteristics with a nearby unaffected forest in tree density (583 ± 46 trees ha(-1)) (mean ± 99% Confidence Interval) and basal area (26.7 ± 2.4 m(2) ha(-1)). Highly impacted areas had tree density and basal area as low as 120 trees ha(-1) and 14.9 m(2) ha(-1), respectively. In general, these structural measures correlated negatively with an index of tree mortality intensity derived from satellite imagery. Four years after the blowdown event, differences in size-distribution, fraction of resprouters, floristic composition and species diversity still correlated with disturbance measures such as tree mortality and gap size. Our results suggest that the gradients of wind disturbance intensity encompassed in large blowdown gaps (>2000 m(2)) promote tree diversity. Specialists for particular disturbance intensities existed along the entire gradient. The existence of species or genera taking an intermediate position between undisturbed and gap specialists led to a peak of rarefied richness and diversity at intermediate disturbance levels. A diverse set of species differing widely in requirements and recruitment strategies forms the initial post-disturbance cohort, thus lending a high resilience towards wind disturbances at the community level.
Journal Article
Ultrafast Three-Dimensional Imaging of Lattice Dynamics in Individual Gold Nanocrystals
Key insights into the behavior of materials can be gained by observing their structure as they undergo lattice distortion. Laser pulses on the femtosecond time scale can be used to induce disorder in a \"pump-probe\" experiment with the ensuing transients being probed stroboscopically with femtosecond pulses of visible light, x-rays, or electrons. Here we report three-dimensional imaging of the generation and subsequent evolution of coherent acoustic phonons on the picosecond time scale within a single gold nanocrystal by means of an x-ray free-electron laser, providing insights into the physics of this phenomenon. Our results allow comparison and confirmation of predictive models based on continuum elasticity theory and molecular dynamics simulations.
Journal Article
Vulnerability of Amazon forests to storm-driven tree mortality
Tree mortality is a key driver of forest community composition and carbon dynamics. Strong winds associated with severe convective storms are dominant natural drivers of tree mortality in the Amazon. Why forests vary with respect to their vulnerability to wind events and how the predicted increase in storm events might affect forest ecosystems within the Amazon are not well understood. We found that windthrows are common in the Amazon region extending from northwest (Peru, Colombia, Venezuela, and west Brazil) to central Brazil, with the highest occurrence of windthrows in the northwest Amazon. More frequent winds, produced by more frequent severe convective systems, in combination with well-known processes that limit the anchoring of trees in the soil, help to explain the higher vulnerability of the northwest Amazon forests to winds. Projected increases in the frequency and intensity of convective storms in the Amazon have the potential to increase wind-related tree mortality. A forest demographic model calibrated for the northwestern and the central Amazon showed that northwestern forests are more resilient to increased wind-related tree mortality than forests in the central Amazon. Our study emphasizes the importance of including wind-related tree mortality in model simulations for reliable predictions of the future of tropical forests and their effects on the Earth' system.
Journal Article