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"Robinson, John"
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James Wyatt (1746-1813) : architect to George III
\"James Wyatt (1746-1813) is widely recognized as the most celebrated and prolific English architect of the 18th century. At the start of his lengthy career, Wyatt worked on designs for the Oxford Street Pantheon's neo-Classical interior as well as Dodington, the Graeco-Roman house that served as the model for the Regency country house. Wyatt was the first truly eclectic and historicist architect, employing several versions of Classical and Gothic styles with great facility while also experimenting in Egyptian, Tudor, Turkish, and Saxon modes. His pioneering Modern Gothic marked him as an innovator, and his unique neo-Classical designs were influenced by his links with the Midlands Industrial Revolution and his Grand Tour education.This groundbreaking book sheds new light on modern architectural and design history by interweaving studies of Wyatt's most famous works with his fascinating life narrative. This masterly presentation covers the complex connections formed by his web of wealthy patrons and his influence on both his contemporaries and successors\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Making Markets on the Margins: Housing Finance Agencies and the Racial Politics of Credit Expansion1
Widespread reliance on credit increasingly defines realities of economic citizenship in American society. This article theorizes the racial politics of credit expansion. It examines the federal initiative in the 1960s and ’70s to broaden financial access for poor renters in communities of color, which unintentionally sparked the rise of new state-level credit agencies. Drawing on historical evidence, much of it never used before, the author’s findings reveal the contentious politics at the heart of this policy shift. Doing so highlights the constitutive whiteness of credit and also illuminates how the project of expanding credit to marginalized groups tests the categorical seams of markets in the public imagination: such initiatives fuel racial contestation around taken-for-granted market rules, which draws governing officials toward increasingly speculative and convoluted financial instruments as a means of rule-bending subversion. Ultimately, this article sheds much-needed light on, and encourages further research into, the racial stratification of the state’s market-making power.
Journal Article
Resolving the gravitational redshift across a millimetre-scale atomic sample
Einstein’s theory of general relativity states that clocks at different gravitational potentials tick at different rates relative to lab coordinates—an effect known as the gravitational redshift
1
. As fundamental probes of space and time, atomic clocks have long served to test this prediction at distance scales from 30 centimetres to thousands of kilometres
2
–
4
. Ultimately, clocks will enable the study of the union of general relativity and quantum mechanics once they become sensitive to the finite wavefunction of quantum objects oscillating in curved space-time. Towards this regime, we measure a linear frequency gradient consistent with the gravitational redshift within a single millimetre-scale sample of ultracold strontium. Our result is enabled by improving the fractional frequency measurement uncertainty by more than a factor of 10, now reaching 7.6 × 10
−21
. This heralds a new regime of clock operation necessitating intra-sample corrections for gravitational perturbations.
Reducing the fractional uncertainty over the measurement of the frequency of an ensemble of trapped strontium atoms enables observation of the gravitational redshift at the submillimetre scale.
Journal Article
Direct comparison of two spin-squeezed optical clock ensembles at the 10−17 level
Building scalable quantum systems that demonstrate performance enhancement based on entanglement is a major goal in quantum computing and metrology. The main challenge arises from the fragility of entanglement in large quantum systems. Optical atomic clocks utilizing a large number of atoms have pushed the frontier of measurement science, building on precise engineering of quantum states and control of atomic interactions. However, state-of-the-art optical atomic clocks are limited by a fundamental source of noise stemming from fluctuations of the population of many atoms—the quantum projection noise. Here, we present an optical clock platform integrated with collective strong-coupling cavity quantum electrodynamics for quantum non-demolition measurements. Optimizing the competition between spin measurement precision and loss of coherence, we measure a metrological enhancement for a large ensemble of atoms beyond the initial coherent spin state. Furthermore, a movable lattice allows the cavity to individually address two independent subensembles, enabling us to spin squeeze two clock ensembles successively and compare their performance without the influence of clock laser noise. Although the clock comparison remains above the effective standard quantum limit, the performance directly verifies 1.9(2) dB clock stability enhancement at the 10
−17
level without subtracting any technical noise contributions.
Noise is a fundamental obstacle to the stability of atomic optical clocks. An experiment now realizes the design of a spin-squeezed clock that improves interrogation times and enables direct comparisons of performance between different clocks.
Journal Article
Recess is ruined
When a storm forces them inside for recess, third-grader Billy and his friends sneak into the school library and turn it into a chaotic mess--so he organizes a book drive as an apology.
Book
Distribution patterns of tau pathology in progressive supranuclear palsy
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a 4R-tauopathy predominated by subcortical pathology in neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendroglia associated with various clinical phenotypes. In the present international study, we addressed the question of whether or not sequential distribution patterns can be recognized for PSP pathology. We evaluated heat maps and distribution patterns of neuronal, astroglial, and oligodendroglial tau pathologies and their combinations in different clinical subtypes of PSP in postmortem brains. We used conditional probability and logistic regression to model the sequential distribution of tau pathologies across different brain regions. Tau pathology uniformly predominates in the neurons of the pallido-nigro-luysian axis in different clinical subtypes. However, clinical subtypes are distinguished not only by total tau load but rather cell-type (neuronal versus glial) specific vulnerability patterns of brain regions suggesting distinct dynamics or circuit-specific segregation of propagation of tau pathologies. For Richardson syndrome (
n
= 81) we recognize six sequential steps of involvement of brain regions by the combination of cellular tau pathologies. This is translated to six stages for the practical neuropathological diagnosis by the evaluation of the subthalamic nucleus, globus pallidus, striatum, cerebellum with dentate nucleus, and frontal and occipital cortices. This system can be applied to further clinical subtypes by emphasizing whether they show caudal (cerebellum/dentate nucleus) or rostral (cortical) predominant, or both types of pattern. Defining cell-specific stages of tau pathology helps to identify preclinical or early-stage cases for the better understanding of early pathogenic events, has implications for understanding the clinical subtype-specific dynamics of disease-propagation, and informs tau-neuroimaging on distribution patterns.
Journal Article
مقدمة إلى نظرية المعلومات : الرموز، الإشارات، والضجيج
\"مقدمة إلى نظرية المعلومات : الرموز، الإشارة، الضجيج\" هو كتاب كتبه جون ر. بيرس، يعد مرجعا أساسيا في مجال نظرية المعلومات. يتناول الكتاب المفاهيم الأساسية لنظرية المعلومات، ويستعرض كيفية تمثيل المعلومات والتواصل الفعال بين الأنظمة المختلفة، ويستعرض الكتاب كيفية استخدام الرموز لتمثيل المعلومات، ويحلل الأنظمة الرمزية المختلفة، بما في ذلك اللغات الطبيعية والرموز الرياضية، ويتناول مفهوم الإشارة وكيفية نقل المعلومات عبر قنوات الاتصال. يناقش بيرس أنواع الإشارات وخصائصها، وكيف تؤثر في نقل الرسائل، ويركز الكتاب على تأثير الضجيج في نقل المعلومات، وكيف يمكن أن يؤثر على دقة ووضوح الرسائل. يقدم استراتيجيات للتقليل من تأثير الضجيج وتحسين جودة الاتصال، ويستعرض الكتاب تطبيقات نظرية المعلومات في مجالات مختلفة مثل الاتصالات، التكنولوجيا، وعلم الحاسوب، مما يعكس أهمية هذه النظرية في العصر الحديث، ويعتبر هذا الكتاب مرجعا مهما للباحثين والطلاب المهتمين بنظرية المعلومات، حيث يقدم أسسا قوية لفهم كيفية تداول المعلومات في العالم الرقمي. يساهم في تعزيز التفكير النقدي حول قضايا التواصل والتكنولوجيا في الحياة اليومية.
Book
Realizing spin squeezing with Rydberg interactions in an optical clock
Neutral-atom arrays trapped in optical potentials are a powerful platform for studying quantum physics, combining precise single-particle control and detection with a range of tunable entangling interactions
1
–
3
. For example, these capabilities have been leveraged for state-of-the-art frequency metrology
4
,
5
as well as microscopic studies of entangled many-particle states
6
–
11
. Here we combine these applications to realize spin squeezing—a widely studied operation for producing metrologically useful entanglement—in an optical atomic clock based on a programmable array of interacting optical qubits. In this demonstration of Rydberg-mediated squeezing with a neutral-atom optical clock, we generate states that have almost four decibels of metrological gain. In addition, we perform a synchronous frequency comparison between independent squeezed states and observe a fractional-frequency stability of 1.087(1) × 10
−15
at one-second averaging time, which is 1.94(1) decibels below the standard quantum limit and reaches a fractional precision at the 10
−17
level during a half-hour measurement. We further leverage the programmable control afforded by optical tweezer arrays to apply local phase shifts to explore spin squeezing in measurements that operate beyond the relative coherence time with the optical local oscillator. The realization of this spin-squeezing protocol in a programmable atom-array clock will enable a wide range of quantum-information-inspired techniques for optimal phase estimation and Heisenberg-limited optical atomic clocks
12
–
16
.
Spin squeezing in an optical atomic clock based on arrays of neutral atoms is used to realize measurement performance below the standard quantum limit.
Journal Article