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"Robyns, Benoit"
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Electrical Energy Storage in Transportation Systems
This book deals with the management and valuation of energy storage in electric power grids, highlighting the interest of storage systems in grid applications and developing management methodologies based on artificial intelligence tools.
eBook
NEW APPROACH FOR MISSING CONSUMPTION RECONSTRUCTION AND VALIDATION OF ENERGY METER DATA
The opening of the railway use all around Europe carried plenty of technical challenges never seen before in the railway field. An important challenge in energy billing filed, is to precisely do the billing of the consumed energy for each railway company in a reliable way. For that, in ground applications, RTE (the French national transmission system operator, who is in charge of the energy metering in railways by law in France) normally installs two energy meters to ensure the reliability of the measurements. Nevertheless, in agreement with the European law, the installation of only one energy meter is mandatory in the new/refurbished rolling stock since 2014. To ensure the correct billing of the railway companies, the data collected by the energy meters must be validated. In other cases no measure is available due to different technical problems, therefore a system that estimates the energy consumptions of those journeys is necessary. In this paper, a validated dataset is used to reconstruct the amount of energy consumed by trains whose energy meter data is missing or not valid. The validated data will be the start point for different estimators of the consumed energy by the trains. This dataset is composed of the information collected from the energy meters (date information and GPS position of the train) and train run data (transit times on fixed points of the line). Different types of estimators for the energy reconstruction are compared with real measurement data from a regional train circulation for a couple of years. Finally, a discussion of the performance of the different estimators will be shown.
Journal Article
Electrical Energy Storage for Buildings in Smart Grids
Current developments in the renewable energy field, and the trend toward self-production and self-consumption of energy, has led to increased interest in the means of storing electrical energy; a key element of sustainable development. This book provides an in-depth view of the environmentally responsible energy solutions currently available for use in the building sector. It highlights the importance of storing electrical energy, demonstrates the many services that the storage of electrical energy can bring, and discusses the important socio-economic factors related to the emergence of smart buildings and smart grids. Finally, it presents the methodological tools needed to build a system of storage-based energy management, illustrated by concrete, pedagogic examples.
eBook
Electrical energy storage in transportation systems
This book deals with the management and valuation of energy storage in electric power grids, highlighting the interest of storage systems in grid applications and developing management methodologies based on artificial intelligence tools. The authors highlight the importance of storing electrical energy, in the context of sustainable development, in \":smart cities\" and \"smart transportation,\" and discuss multiple services that storing electrical energy can bring. Methodological tools are provided to build an energy management system storage following a generic approach. These tools are based on causal formalisms, artificial intelligence and explicit optimization techniques and are presented throughout the book in connection with concrete case studies.
Book
Variable Speed Wind Generators Participation in Primary Frequency Control
To maintain a power reserve to contribute to the primary frequency control with variable speed wind generators, two control strategies are analysed in this paper: a torque control strategy and a fuzzy logic based multivariable control strategy. The first and most simple strategy allows to maintain a regular reserve only when the wind turbine generator works at full load and needs the determination of a power reference value a priori or by the network manager. The second control strategy allows to overcome these limits without any wind speed measurement; it determines in real time the generator power reference value to maintain a fixed minimum reserve. The main result of this paper is to shown that it is possible to maintain a regular reserve on a large range of the wind speed. This reserve is still more regular when considering a wind farm owing to the wind speed dispersion. The performance of the proposed primary frequency control strategies is shown with the help of simulations by considering a wind farm including three wind generators.
Journal Article
Increasing photovoltaic self-consumption with game theory and blockchain
INTRODUCTION: This paper presents a distributed approach to optimise self-consumption on a local energy community containing photovoltaic generators, electric vehicles, loads and a storage system. OBJECTIVES: The goal is to maximise energy sharing between users while preserving the indivual objectives of each user. METHODS: Game theory is employed to model users’ behavior and preferences. A distributed algorithm is used to solve the optimisation problem. In addition, a physical model of the grid is built to verify if the solutions respect grid constraints. Finally, a private blockchain environnement is deployed to concretely implement this distributed framework with a smart contract. RESULTS: It is shown that the proposed approach effectively leads to an increase of self-consumption rate on the local grid. CONCLUSION: The proposed distributed framework, combining game theory and blockchain, shows real potential to improve energy sharing on energy communities.
Journal Article
Hybrid Storage Associated with Photovoltaic Technology for Buildings in Non-Interconnected Zones
This chapter presents a photovoltaic system with hybrid storage combining two different technologies: batteries and supercapacitors. This hybrid approach combines the advantages of each technology in order to increase the life expectancy of batteries and to improve yield from the whole system. The system discussed in the chapter is intended to supply electricity to residential habitat in insular or isolated environments. The chapter develops a smart supervision algorithm based on fuzzy logic. It also presents a comparative study of different storage configurations, paying particular attention to the life expectancy of storage elements and to the levelized cost of energy. The chapter provides a detailed overview of photovoltaic systems for use in buildings, with or without a connection to the grid. It also describes the importance of storage in these systems, and gives a detailed description of the steps and indicators used in evaluating energy management.
Book Chapter