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Sparganium is an emergent aquatic macrophyte widely spread in temperate and subtropical zones. Taxa of this genus feature high phenotypic plasticity and can produce interspecific hybrids. By means of high-throughput sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) of 35S rDNA, the status of 15 Eurasian Sparganium species and subspecies was clarified and the role of hybridization events in the recent evolution of the genus was investigated. It has been shown that a number of species such as S. angustifolium, S. fallax and S. subglobosum have homogenized rDNA represented by one major ribotype. The rDNA of other taxa is represented by two or more major ribotypes. Species with high rDNA heterogeneity are apparently of hybrid origin. Based on the differences in rDNA patterns, intraspecific diversity was identified in S. probatovae and S. emersum . Thus, we have concluded that Sparganium has extensive interspecific hybridization at the subgenus level, and there may also be occasional hybridization between species from different subgenera.

The generation of the suction force between a rigid cylindrical frame constricting a submerged cavitating jet and a solid surface is considered. The separation force needed to overcome the suction effect is experimentally determined in a specially developed setup. The dependences of the suction force on the frame diameter and the distance from the nozzle cavitator are obtained using numerical modeling. The volume fraction of the vapor phase inside the frame and the static pressure along the suction surface are calculated. The mechanism of the appearance of the effect and the criteria of its vanishing are explained on the basis of the data obtained.

The application of porous nanomaterials in drug delivery offers a promising strategy to mitigate the adverse side effects of chemotherapy. In this study, we report the synthesis of nanosized NH2-UiO-66 (Zr) metal-organic frameworks as carriers of doxorubicin. The nanoparticles exhibited high crystallinity with an average size of 44 nm. Surface functionalization with polyethylene glycol (PEG) markedly enhanced their colloidal stability under physiological conditions. Coated NH2-UiO-66 (Zr)@PEG particles demonstrated prolonged circulation in the bloodstream and a significant reduction of nonspecific accumulation in organs with high vascularization. Importantly, these particles retained their capacity for doxorubicin loading, highlighting their potential for drug delivery.

Introduction: The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), secondary to viral pneumonitis, is one of the main causes of high mortality in patients with COVID-19 (novel coronavirus disease 2019)—ongoing SARS-CoV-2 infection— reached more than 0.7 billion registered cases. Methods: Recently, we elaborated a non-surgical and reproducible method of the unilateral total diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) of the left lung in ICR mice–a publicly available imitation of the ARDS caused by SARS-CoV-2. Our data read that two C–C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) ligands, macrophage inflammatory proteins (MIPs) MIP-1α/CCL3 and MIP-1β/CCL4, are upregulated in this DAD model up to three orders of magnitude compared to the background level. Results: Here, we showed that a nonpeptide compound TAK-779, an antagonist of CCR5/CXCR3, readily prevents DAD in the lung with a single injection of 2.5 mg/kg. Histological analysis revealed reduced peribronchial and perivascular mononuclear infiltration in the lung and mononuclear infiltration of the wall and lumen of the alveoli in the TAK-779-treated animals. Administration of TAK-779 decreased the 3–5-fold level of serum cytokines and chemokines in animals with DAD, including CCR5 ligands MIP-1α/β, MCP-1, and CCL5. Computed tomography revealed rapid recovery of the density and volume of the affected lung in TAK-779-treated animals. Discussion: Our pre-clinical data suggest that TAK-779 is more effective than the administration of dexamethasone or the anti-IL6R therapeutic antibody tocilizumab, which brings novel therapeutic modality to TAK-779 and other CCR5 inhibitors for the treatment of virus-induced hyperinflammation syndromes, including COVID-19.

Current methods for the intraoperative determination of breast cancer margins commonly suffer from the insufficient accuracy, specificity and/or low speed of analysis, increasing the time and cost of operation as well the risk of cancer recurrence. The purpose of this study is to develop a method for the rapid and accurate determination of breast cancer margins using direct molecular profiling by mass spectrometry (MS). Direct molecular fingerprinting of tiny pieces of breast tissue (approximately 1 × 1 × 1 mm) is performed using a home-built tissue spray ionization source installed on a Maxis Impact quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (qTOF MS) (Bruker Daltonics, Hamburg, Germany). Statistical analysis of MS data from 50 samples of both normal and cancer tissue (from 25 patients) was performed using orthogonal projections onto latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Additionally, the results of OPLS classification of new 19 pieces of two tissue samples were compared with the results of histological analysis performed on the same tissues samples. The average time of analysis for one sample was about 5 min. Positive and negative ionization modes are used to provide complementary information and to find out the most informative method for a breast tissue classification. The analysis provides information on 11 lipid classes. OPLS-DA models are created for the classification of normal and cancer tissue based on the various datasets: All mass spectrometric peaks over 300 counts; peaks with a statistically significant difference of intensity determined by the Mann–Whitney U-test (p < 0.05); peaks identified as lipids; both identified and significantly different peaks. The highest values of Q2 have models built on all MS peaks and on significantly different peaks. While such models are useful for classification itself, they are of less value for building explanatory mechanisms of pathophysiology and providing a pathway analysis. Models based on identified peaks are preferable from this point of view. Results obtained by OPLS-DA classification of the tissue spray MS data of a new sample set (n = 19) revealed 100% sensitivity and specificity when compared to histological analysis, the “gold” standard for tissue classification. “All peaks” and “significantly different peaks” datasets in the positive ion mode were ideal for breast cancer tissue classification. Our results indicate the potential of tissue spray mass spectrometry for rapid, accurate and intraoperative diagnostics of breast cancer tissue as a means to reduce surgical intervention.

×Trititrigia cziczinii Tzvelev is a promising crop developed through distant hybridization between Elytrigia intermedia (Host) Nevski (=Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey) and Triticum aestivum L., followed by backcrossing with wheat. This study elucidates the genomic composition of this hybrid and its parental taxa using molecular phylogenetic analysis of nuclear (ITS, ETS) and chloroplast (trnK–rps16, ndhF) DNA markers, complemented by Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) of the 18S–ITS1–5.8S rDNA region. Results from Sanger sequencing revealed that the primary nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of the hybrid originates from Triticum aestivum; a finding strongly supported by both Bayesian inference and Maximum Likelihood analyses. Chloroplast DNA data unequivocally indicate maternal inheritance from T. aestivum. In contrast, ETS sequence analysis showed phylogenetic affinity to Elytrigia intermedia, suggesting complex genomic reorganization or chimeric sequence formation in the hybrid. NGS data corroborate the dominance of T. aestivum-like ribotypes in the hybrid’s rDNA pool, with only a minor fraction identical to the main ribotype of E. intermedia. Genetic structure analysis further revealed geographic heterogeneity in the genomic composition of E. intermedia populations. The predominance of the wheat genome in ×T. cziczinii is likely a consequence of stabilizing backcrosses and illustrates a case of rDNA elimination from one parental genome during hybridization. This research underscores the complex genomic dynamics in artificial hybrids and the utility of multi-marker phylogenetic approaches for clarifying their origins.

In this work investigated the effect of the annealing temperature on hafnium nanofilms obtained by DC magnetron sputtering on Si substrates. The nanofilms annealed through 100°C to 700°C by a High-Temperature Strip Heater Chambers (HTK-16N) on an X-ray Diffractometer (XRD). The microstructure and morphology of the films at different temperatures were investigated by XRD, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Raman Microspectrometer (RS). It was found that annealing affects changes in the lattice strains, texture, grain size, and roughness of Hf nanofilms. According to XRD data, the structure of the thin films showed amorphous from room temperature to 100°C and starting from a temperature of 200°C were changed crystallization. At 500°C a monoclinic structure corresponding to hafnium dioxide HfO 2 was formed in hafnium nanofilms.

In this article, we analyzed the origin of wild polyploid oats (Avena L., Poaceae) using the region 18S rDNA (partially)–ITS1–5.8S rDNA obtained via NGS. There are six tetraploid (2n = 28) and four hexaploid (2n = 42) wild species differing by specific genome combinations: A. barbata, A. vaviloviana (AB), A. agadiriana (AB or BB), A. magna, A. murphyi, A. insularis (AC or CD), A. ludoviciana, A. sterilis, A. fatua, and A. occidentalis (ACD). We compared the pool of marker sequences of polyploid oats with those of their putative diploid ancestors: A. atlantica (As-genome), A. hirtula (As), A. canariensis (Ac), A. ventricosa (Cv), and A. clauda (paleopolyploid with Cp and A-related rDNA). We found 15 major ribotypes (more than 1000 reads per rDNA pool) in polyploid oats. Comparing them, we found that the AB-tetraploid oats possibly inherited their A-genome ribotypes from A. atlantica (As1-ribotype), whereas their B-genome ribotype is specific and can be a derivative of the A-genome family. Our data do not support the hypothesis of the CD-genome set in A. magna, A. murphyi, and A. insularis: they have an AC-genome ribotype constitution instead. The C-genome-related sequences could have been obtained from A. ventricosa. Hexaploids show a different ribotype pattern than tetraploids; the main ribotypes of A. fatua, A. ludoviciana, and A. sterilis probably belong to the D-group and are also shared with one of the major ribotypes of A. clauda.

The possible origin of four cultivated species of the genus Avena of different ploidy and different subgenome composition (A. strigosa, A. abyssinica, A. byzantina, and A. sativa) from possible wild species was investigated. The region of the internal transcribed spacer ITS1 and the 5.8S rRNA gene in the cultivated species was studied with next-generation sequencing (NGS), and the patterns of occurrence and distribution of the ribotypes were compared among them and with those of the wild species. According to these data diploid, A. strigosa is more closely related to the diploid A. hirtula than to polyploid oats, and it could have evolved independently of polyploid cultivated species. The tetraploid Avena abyssinica could be a cultivated derivative of A. vaviloviana. Two hexaploid cultivated species, A. byzantina and A. sativa, could have a different origin; A. sativa could be the cultivated form of A. fatua, whereas A. byzantina could originate independently. It was found that the oat species with the A and C subgenomes, even with strong morphological and karyological differences, could intercross and pass the further stages of introgression producing a new stable combination of genomes. Our data show that almost all species of Avena could form an introgressive interspecies complex.