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Before the EdD program through UC Davis, my own decisions and thinking process perpetuated an inequitable system that seemed to be working to support and uplift marginalized communities. When beginning my personal journey through the doctoral program and throughout the pandemic, there were epiphanies that awakened me to new institutional versions that empowered my ways of approaching education and leading future generations to question, early and often, the systems that were supposed to increase their ability to become leaders themselves. The concluding research recommendations support the implementation of culturally sustaining pedagogical practices to increase authentic historically marginalized student self-expression and empowerment of students and community. This work is done through understanding the priorities of the community, offering transparency, communicating, and listening while promoting health and safety as a means of cariño. Communicating that our priorities on site are children first, rather than test scores and attendance percentages, I seek creative means to empower our young scholars to bridge a gap between site and community and authentically celebrate the diversity on our campus.

The treatment of the posterior-segment ocular diseases, such as age-related eye diseases (AMD) or diabetic retinopathy (DR), present a challenge for ophthalmologists due to the complex anatomy and physiology of the eye. This specialized organ is composed of various static and dynamic barriers that restrict drug delivery into the target site of action. Despite numerous efforts, effective intraocular drug delivery remains unresolved and, therefore, it is highly desirable to improve the current treatments of diseases affecting the posterior cavity. This review article gives an overview of pharmacokinetic and biopharmaceutics aspects for the most commonly-used ocular administration routes (intravitreal, topical, systemic, and periocular), including information of the absorption, distribution, and elimination, as well as the benefits and limitations of each one. This article also encompasses different conventional and novel drug delivery systems designed and developed to improve drug pharmacokinetics intended for the posterior ocular segment treatment.

This study investigates three-dimensional semidiurnal internal tide (IT) energetics in the vicinity of La Jolla Canyon, a steep shelf submarine canyon off the Southern California coast, with the Stanford Unstructured Nonhydrostatic Terrain-Following Adaptive Navier–Stokes Simulator (SUNTANS) numerical simulator. Numerical simulations show vertical structure and temporal phasing consistent with detailed field observations. ITs induce large (approximately 34 m from peak to peak) isotherm displacements and net onshore IT energy flux up to 200 W m −1 . Although the net IT energy flux is onshore, the steep supercritical slope around the canyon results in strong reflection. The model provides the full life span of internal tides around the canyon, including internal tide generation, propagation, and dissipation. ITs propagate into the canyon from the south and are reflected back toward offshore from the canyon’s north side. In the inner part of the canyon, elevated mixing occurs in the middle layer due to an interaction between incident mode-1 ITs and reflected higher-mode ITs. The magnitude of IT flux, generation, and dissipation on the south side of the canyon are higher than those on the north side. An interference pattern in horizontal kinetic energy and available potential energy with a scale of approximately 20–50 km arises due to low-mode wave reflections. Our results provide new insight into IT dynamics associated with a small-scale canyon topography.

Close contacts between endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria enable reciprocal Ca2+ exchange, a key mechanism in the regulation of mitochondrial bioenergetics. During the early phase of endoplasmic reticulum stress, this inter-organellar communication increases as an adaptive mechanism to ensure cell survival. The signalling pathways governing this response, however, have not been characterized. Here we show that caveolin-1 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum–mitochondria interface, where it impairs the remodelling of endoplasmic reticulum–mitochondria contacts, quenching Ca2+ transfer and rendering mitochondrial bioenergetics unresponsive to endoplasmic reticulum stress. Protein kinase A, in contrast, promotes endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria remodelling and communication during endoplasmic reticulum stress to promote organelle dynamics and Ca2+ transfer as well as enhance mitochondrial bioenergetics during the adaptive response. Importantly, caveolin-1 expression reduces protein kinase A signalling, as evidenced by impaired phosphorylation and alterations in organelle distribution of the GTPase dynamin-related protein 1, thereby enhancing cell death in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress. In conclusion, caveolin-1 precludes stress-induced protein kinase A-dependent remodelling of endoplasmic reticulum–mitochondria communication.

Quantification of behaviour is essential for biology. Since the whisker system is a popular model, it is important to have methods for measuring whisker movements from behaving animals. Here, we developed a high-speed imaging system that measures whisker movements simultaneously from two vantage points. We developed a whisker tracker algorithm that automatically reconstructs 3D whisker information directly from the 'stereo' video data. The tracker is controlled via a Graphical User Interface that also allows user-friendly curation. The algorithm tracks whiskers, by fitting a 3D Bezier curve to the basal section of each target whisker. By using prior knowledge of natural whisker motion and natural whisker shape to constrain the fits and by minimising the number of fitted parameters, the algorithm is able to track multiple whiskers in parallel with low error rate. We used the output of the tracker to produce a 3D description of each tracked whisker, including its 3D orientation and 3D shape, as well as bending-related mechanical force. In conclusion, we present a non-invasive, automatic system to track whiskers in 3D from high-speed video, creating the opportunity for comprehensive 3D analysis of sensorimotor behaviour and its neural basis.

C1q levels in the CNS are elevated by inflammation and neurovascular trauma, yet the consequence of this increase for neural stem cell (NSC) regeneration response remain unknown. We have recently identified C1q receptor candidates that regulate NSC behavior. One of these is Brain Angiogenesis Inhibitor 1 (BAI1, ADGRB1), which has no previously discovered role in NSC. Here, we show that C1q acts in a BAI1-dependent manner to modulate NSC quiescence via two parallel mechanisms. First, negative regulation of MDM2, driving cell cycle suppression through p53. Second, endocytic internalization of C1q-BAI1-complex, driving regulation of p32 (C1qBP) and metabolic reprogramming towards aerobic glycolysis. We validated the biological significance of BAI1 in a male hNSC line in vivo using a female mouse model of acute spinal cord injury (SCI). These findings are relevant for a multiplicity of CNS disorders, and illuminate complex connections between C1q, cell cycle, and metabolism. Together, these data provide valuable insight into C1q-mediated regulation of NSC transition between activation and quiescence, processes fundamental for tissue development and repair. The authors uncover a direct, BAI1-dependent, role for C1q in the control of neural stem cell proliferation and quiescence via MDM2–p53 and p32, a complement cascade-independent mechanism of C1q action that has implications for central nervous system health and disease.

The depletion of the ozone layer and climate change have increased exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, driving the search for natural photoprotective agents. Marine macroalgae, particularly Gracilaria sp. (Rhodophyta) and Sargassum polyceratium (Ochrophyta), are rich in UV-absorbing bioactives, such as mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) and fucoxanthin, offering natural alternatives to synthetic sunscreens. This study aimed to develop and optimize a nanoemulsion incorporating both algal extracts, with MAAs and fucoxanthin strategically distributed in the aqueous and oil phases, respectively, to enhance synergistic broad-spectrum UV protection. MAAs were quantified in Gracilaria sp. using UHPLC-DAD, revealing 8.03 mg/g dry weight, primarily composed of shinorine and porphyra-334. Fucoxanthin was identified in S. polyceratium at 0.98 mg/g dry weight. A Box–Behnken design (BBD) was employed to optimize the nanoemulsion, targeting minimal droplet size and optimal ζ potential. The resulting formulation achieved a droplet size less than 100 nm and a ζ potential less than −25.0 mV. In vitro spectrophotometric analysis demonstrated significant photoprotective potential. The nanoemulsion containing only 375 ppm of algal extracts exhibited a UVA ratio of 1.25 and a critical wavelength of 379 nm, meeting the criteria for broad-spectrum protection and outperforming the commercial natural filter Helioguard®365. These results confirm the efficacy of combining red and brown algae extracts in a nanoemulsion platform to deliver sustainable, low-dose photoprotection. This work presents, for the first time, the incorporation of red and brown algae extracts into a single nanoemulsion system, representing a novel strategy to maximize the combined photoprotective potential of MAAs and fucoxanthin. Ultimately, this investigation contributes to the growing field of marine-derived sunscreens and supports the advancement of “blue beauty” innovations aligned with eco-conscious formulation principles.

Abstract We report the experience of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide for nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis in sexual assault cases. Between June 2021 and October 2023, 39 individuals completed the 28-day follow-up; 41% experienced some side effects, and 1 person discontinued the drug because of a rash. No individuals seroconverted to HIV during the follow-up period.

To examine the extent to which food and beverage brands exhibit personalities on Twitter, quantify Twitter users' engagement with posts displaying personality features and determine advertising spending across these brands on Twitter. We identified 100 tweets from 10 food and beverage brands that displayed a 'personality', and 100 'control' tweets (i.e. a post by that brand on the same day). Our codebook quantified the following personification strategies: (1) humour; (2) trendy language and (3) absence of food product mentions. We used media articles to quantify other personification strategies: (4) referencing trending topics; (5) referencing current events; (6) referencing internet memes and (7) targeting niche audiences. We calculated brands' number of tweets, re-tweets, 'likes', and comments and report the relationship between advertising spending and retweets per follower. Twitter posts. Ten food and beverage brands that were described in media articles (e.g. Forbes) as having distinct personalities. Personality tweets earned 123 013 retweets, 732 076 'likes' and 14 806 comments, whereas control tweets earned 61 044 retweets, 256 105 'likes' and 14 572 comments. The strategies used most included humour (n 81), trendy language (n 80) and trending topics (n 47). The three brands that spent the most on advertising had similar or fewer retweets per follower than the four that spent relatively little on advertising. Some food and beverage brands have distinct 'personalities' on Twitter that generate millions of 'likes' and retweets. Some retweets have an inverse relationship with advertising spending, suggesting 'personalities' may be a uniquely powerful advertising tool for targeting young adults.

Bisphenols, particularly bisphenol A (4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)-diphenol) (BPA), are suspected of inducing oxidative stress in humans, which may be associated with adverse health outcomes. We investigated the associations between exposure to bisphenols and biomarkers of oxidative stress in human studies over the last 12 years (2008‒2019) related to six health endpoints and evaluated their suitability as effect biomarkers. PubMed database searches identified 27 relevant articles that were used for data extraction. In all studies, BPA exposure was reported, whereas some studies also reported other bisphenols. More than a dozen different biomarkers were measured. The most frequently measured biomarkers were 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-isoprostane) and malondialdehyde (MDA), which almost always were positively associated with BPA. Methodological issues were reported for MDA, mainly the need to handle samples with caution to avoid artefact formation and its measurements using a chromatographic step to distinguish it from similar aldehydes, making some of the MDA results less reliable. Urinary 8-OHdG and 8-isoprostane can be considered the most reliable biomarkers of oxidative stress associated with BPA exposure. Although none of the biomarkers are considered BPA- or organ-specific, the biomarkers can be assessed repeatedly and non-invasively in urine and could help to understand causal relationships.