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The Flash
\"When Wally West, the adolescent nephew of the Flash's fiancee accidentally gained powers of superspeed, he became the Scarlet Speedster's sidekick. Growing up as his hero's protege, Kid Flash had a childhood of amazing action and adventure. But on the day that The Flash died, Wally's carefree adolescence abruptly ended and his life as an adult began. THE FLASH BY MARK WAID BOOK ONE looks back at Wally's earliest days as the Kid Flash and explores the gamut of his emotions and experiences from his first day as a child hero to his succession of Barry Allen as the new Flash. A journey full of humor and drama, this story shows just how much Wally West loves being the fastest man alive\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Facial transplantation: the first 9 years
Since the first facial transplantation in 2005, 28 have been done worldwide with encouraging immunological, functional, psychological, and aesthetic outcomes. Unlike solid organ transplantation, which is potentially life-saving, facial transplantation is life-changing. This difference has generated ethical concerns about the exposure of otherwise young and healthy individuals to the sequelae of lifelong, high-dose, multidrug immunosuppression. Nevertheless, advances in immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive protocols, microsurgical techniques, and computer-aided surgical planning have enabled broader clinical application of this procedure to patients. Although episodes of acute skin rejection continue to pose a serious threat to face transplant recipients, all cases have been controlled with conventional immunosuppressive regimens, and no cases of chronic rejection have been reported.
Journal Article
Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Mimosa tenuiflora Extract, Assessments of Cytotoxicity, Cellular Uptake, and Catalysis
Synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with plant extracts has gained great interest in the field of biomedicine due to its wide variety of health applications. In the present work, AuNPs were synthesized with
Mimosa tenuiflora
(Mt) bark extract at different metallic precursor concentrations. Mt extract was obtained by mixing the tree bark in ethanol-water. The antioxidant capacity of extract was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and total polyphenol assay. AuNPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry for functional group determination onto their surface. AuMt (colloids formed by AuNPs and molecules of Mt) exhibit multiple shapes with sizes between 20 and 200 nm. AuMt were tested on methylene blue degradation in homogeneous catalysis adding sodium borohydride. The smallest NPs (AuMt1) have a degradation coefficient of 0.008/s and reach 50% degradation in 190
s
. Cell viability and cytotoxicity were evaluated in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), and a moderate cytotoxic effect at 24 and 48 h was found. However, toxicity does not behave in a dose-dependent manner. Cellular internalization of AuMt on HUVEC cells was analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. For AuMt1, it can be observed that the material is dispersed into the cytoplasm, while in AuMt2, the material is concentrated in the nuclear periphery.
Journal Article
Generation of raptor diversity in Europe: linking speciation with climate changes and the ability to migrate
Europe holds a rich community of diurnal birds of prey, and the highest proportion of transcontinental migratory raptorial species of any landmass. This study will test the hypotheses that the high diversification of the raptor assemblage in Europe is a recent event, that closely related species sharing the same trophic niches can only coexist in sympatry during the breeding period, when food availability is higher, and finally that migration is a function of size, with the smaller species in every trophic group moving further. A consensus molecular phylogeny for the 38 regular breeding species of raptors in Europe was obtained from BirdTree ( www.birdtree.org ). For the same species, a trophic niche cluster dendrogram was constructed. Size and migratory strategy were introduced in the resulting phylogeny, where trophic groups were also identified. Multispecific trophic groups tended to be composed of reciprocal sister species of different sizes, while monospecific groups ( n = 3) were composed of highly specialized species. Many speciation events took place recently, during the glacial cycles of the Quaternary, and size divergence among competing species may be due to character displacement. Nowadays, the smaller species in every trophic group migrate to sub-Saharan Africa. This investigation illustrates how the rich assemblage of diurnal birds of prey in Europe, more diverse and more migratory than, for instance, the North American assemblage at equivalent latitudes, has emerged recently due to the multiplication of look-alike species with similar trophic ecologies, possibly in climate refugia during cold periods.
Journal Article
Effort and Cost Estimation Using Decision Tree Techniques and Story Points in Agile Software Development
Early effort estimation is important for efficiently planning the use of resources in an Information Technology (IT) project. However, limited research has been conducted on the topic of effort estimation in agile software development using artificial intelligence. This research project contributes to strengthening the use of hybrid models composed of algorithmic models and learning oriented techniques as a project-level effort estimation method in agile frameworks. Effort estimation in agile methods such as Scrum uses a story point approach that measures, using an arithmetic scale, the effort required to complete a release of the system. This project relied on labeled historical data to estimate the completion time measured in days and the total cost of a project set in Pakistani rupees (PKR). using a decision tree, random forest and AdaBoost to improve the accuracy of predictions. Models were trained using 10-fold cross-validation and the relative error was used as a comparison with literature results. The bootstrap aggregation (bagging) ensemble made of the three techniques provides the highest accuracy, and project classification also improves the estimates.
Journal Article
Evaluating large language models as agents in the clinic
Recent developments in large language models (LLMs) have unlocked opportunities for healthcare, from information synthesis to clinical decision support. These LLMs are not just capable of modeling language, but can also act as intelligent “agents” that interact with stakeholders in open-ended conversations and even influence clinical decision-making. Rather than relying on benchmarks that measure a model’s ability to process clinical data or answer standardized test questions, LLM agents can be modeled in high-fidelity simulations of clinical settings and should be assessed for their impact on clinical workflows. These evaluation frameworks, which we refer to as “Artificial Intelligence Structured Clinical Examinations” (“AI-SCE”), can draw from comparable technologies where machines operate with varying degrees of self-governance, such as self-driving cars, in dynamic environments with multiple stakeholders. Developing these robust, real-world clinical evaluations will be crucial towards deploying LLM agents in medical settings.
Journal Article
Relying on Incomplete Information Can Lead to the Wrong Conclusions. Comment on van Hassel, F.; Bovenkerk, B. How Should We Help Wild Animals Cope with Climate Change? The Case of the Iberian Lynx. Animals 2023, 13, 453
In their recent paper, Van Hassel and Bovenkerk [...]
Journal Article
Transferrin Saturation, Serum Ferritin, and C-Reactive Protein vs. Serum Ferritin for an optimal Iron Deficiency Diagnosis in Candidates for Bariatric Surgery
Introduction
Iron has different physiological processes and is regulated by hepcidin that is also an acute phase reactant, which increases with inflammation. Obesity produces a pro-inflammatory state, affecting directly the normal regulation of iron, causing ferritin (FER) deficiency. FER is used as the only indicator of the status of iron in patients with obesity, so the majority of them would be underdiagnosed, leading to a high prevalence of iron deficiency (ID) and anemia. The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic tests: transferrin saturation (TS), FER, and C-reactive protein (CRP) vs. FER with the objective of analyzing the most accurate variable for the diagnosis of ID.
Materials and Methods
We present a cross-sectional, analytical, and retrospective study, evaluating the diagnostic tests in 96 patients, to whom two methods were applied for the diagnosis of ID: method 1 (FER < 30 ng/mL) and method 2 divided into 2A (FER < 30 ng/mL), 2B (FER 30–100 ng/mL + CRP ≥ 5 mg/L), 2C (FER 100–300 ng/mL + CRP ≥ 5 mg/L + TS < 20%), and 2D (TS < 20%).
Results
The prevalence of ID obtained using method 1 was 30.2% while 69.8% presented ID using total method 2, confirming an underdiagnosis of 39.6%.
Conclusion
The inflammatory state in patients with obesity must be considered in the diagnosis of ID. The use of TS, FER, and CRP has greater validity than the use of serum FER for the diagnosis of ID in patients with obesity.
Graphical Abstract
Journal Article
Socio-economic position, area-level deprivation and gradients in cancer incidence: England and Wales, 1971–2016
Background
Social gradients for cancer mortality and survival have been reported but are less clear for cancer incidence where social factors external to health care systems are likely to be of more etiologic importance.
Methods
We examined social gradients in cancer incidence using data from the Office for National Statistics Longitudinal Study (ONS-LS), which selects an approximately 1.1% representative sample of the population of England and Wales. Data were analyzed for each successive ten-year census period from 1971–2011 with outcome data to 2016, the latest date available. Socioeconomic position of individuals was assessed using the National Statistics Socio-economic classification (NS-SEC). Areal level deprivation was measured using deciles of the Townsend Index. Cancer outcomes from the National Cancer Intelligence Network linked to the ONS-LS were examined for all cancers, and more common individual cancer sites. We used logistic regression to generate odds ratios to estimate the risk of a first incident cancer within each follow-up period.
Results
The 1971 ONS-LS census sample population initially comprised 257,803 individuals updated each census; and by 2016 137,755 incident cancer cases. Social gradients in cancer incidence were present for individual cancer sites of lung, stomach, and cervix for both individual and areal measures of socioeconomic standing with the least advantaged having higher incidence rates. Reverse gradients were present for prostate and breast cancers. The relationship of SES to increased cancer incidence for these common cancers is consistent with prior literature, but the striking gradients in these relationships reveal the strong association of SES factors with increasing social disadvantage for these cancers.
Conclusion
The findings demonstrate the importance of socioeconomic position in the incidence of some common cancers prior to diagnosis and treatment and reinforces the need for further research to address the contribution of upstream social determinants in the etiology of cancer.
Journal Article
Experimental evolution reveals differential evolutionary trajectories in male and female activity levels in response to sexual selection and metapopulation structure
Behavior is central to interactions with the environment and thus has significant consequences for individual fitness. Sexual selection and demographic processes have been shown to independently shape behavioral evolution. Although some studies have tested the simultaneous effects of these forces, no studies have investigated their interplay in behavioral evolution. We applied experimental evolution in the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus to investigate, for the first time, the interactive effects of sexual selection intensity (high [polygamy] vs. minimal [enforced monogamy]) and metapopulation structure (yes/no) on the evolution of movement activity, a crucial behavior involved in multiples functions (e.g., dispersal, predator avoidance, or resource acquisition) and thus, closely related to fitness. We found that the interactive effects of the selection regimes did not affect individual activity, which was assayed under two different environments (absence vs. presence of conspecific cues from both sexes). However, contrasting selection regimes led to sex- and context-dependent divergence in activity. The relaxation of sexual selection favored an increase in female, but not male, movement activity that was consistent between environmental contexts. In contrast, selection associated with the presence/absence of metapopulation structure led to context-dependent responses only in male activity. In environments containing cues from conspecifics, males from selection lines under population subdivision showed increased levels of activity compared to those assayed in an environment devoid of conspecifics cues, whereas the opposite was true for males from panmictic lines. These results underscore that both the effects of sexual selection and population spatial structure may be crucial in shaping sex-specific behavioral evolution.
Journal Article