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"Rodriguez, Jose"
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Predictive Control of Power Converters and Electrical Drives
<p>The application Model Predictive Control (MPC) controls electrical energy with the use of power converters and offers a highly flexible alternative to the use of modulators and linear controllers. This new approach takes into account the discrete and nonlinear nature of the power converters and drives and promises to have a strong impact on control in power electronics in the coming decades.</p> <p><i>Predictive Control of Power Converters and Electrical Drives</i> provides a comprehensive overview of the general principles and current research into MPC and is ideal for engineers, specialists and researchers needing: </p> <ul> <li>a straightforward explanation of the theory and implementation of predictive control;</li> <li>analysis on classical converter control methods and electrical drives control methods;</li> <li>application examples and case studies demonstrating how control schemes have been implemented;</li> <li>practice in running their own MATLAB<sup>(R)</sup> simulations through the companion website.</li> </ul> <p>With the information provided, power electronics specialists will be able to start applying this new control technique. This book will help electrical, electronics and control engineers, R&D engineers, product development engineers working in power electronics and drives, and industry engineers of power conversions and motor drives. It is also a complete reference for university researchers, graduate and senior-level undergraduate students of electrical and electronics engineering, academic control specialists, and academics in electrical drives.</p> <p>URL: www.wiley.com/go/rodriguez_control</p>
eBook
Ninja-K
\"For nearly a century, MI-6, the most elite branch of Britain's clandestine intelligence service, has honed a ruthlessly effective, top-secret division - THE NINJA PROGRAMME - into one of its nation's most finely wielded weapons. Tasked as the first and last line of defense for queen and country, this small shadow army of agents and assassins has produced a succession of notable assets, including NINJA-A, the Queen's silent weapon of World War I; NINJA-E, the globe-trotting secret agent that pulled the Cold War back from the brink of Armageddon; and, most recently, NINJA-K, aka Colin King, a brash but fearless instrument of lethality that has saved the world from madmen and terror at every turn. But now... an unknown enemy is hunting and killing members of THE NINJA PROGRAMME one by one - and NINJAK is next on the list\"--Dust jacket flap.
Book
Highly active copper-ceria and copper-ceria-titania catalysts for methanol synthesis from CO2
The transformation of CO2 into alcohols or other hydrocarbon compounds is challenging because of the difficulties associated with the chemical activation of CO2 by heterogeneous catalysts. Pure metals and bimetallic systems used for this task usually have low catalytic activity. Here we present experimental and theoretical evidence for a completely different type of site for CO2 activation: a copper-ceria interface that is highly efficient for the synthesis of methanol. The combination of metal and oxide sites in the copper-ceria interface affords complementary chemical properties that lead to special reaction pathways for the CO2→CH3OH conversion.
Journal Article
Active sites for CO₂ hydrogenation to methanol on Cu/ZnO catalysts
The active sites over commercial copper/zinc oxide/aluminum oxide (Cu/ZnO/Al₂O₃) catalysts for carbon dioxide (CO₂) hydrogenation to methanol, the Zn-Cu bimetallic sites or ZnO-Cu interfacial sites, have recently been the subject of intense debate. We report a direct comparison between the activity of ZnCu and ZnO/Cu model catalysts for methanol synthesis. By combining x-ray photoemission spectroscopy, density functional theory, and kinetic Monte Carlo simulations, we can identify and characterize the reactivity of each catalyst. Both experimental and theoretical results agree that ZnCu undergoes surface oxidation under the reaction conditions so that surface Zn transforms into ZnO and allows ZnCu to reach the activity of ZnO/Cu with the same Zn coverage. Our results highlight a synergy of Cu and ZnO at the interface that facilitates methanol synthesis via formate intermediates.
Journal Article
Inverse ZrO2/Cu as a highly efficient methanol synthesis catalyst from CO2 hydrogenation
Enhancing the intrinsic activity and space time yield of Cu based heterogeneous methanol synthesis catalysts through CO
2
hydrogenation is one of the major topics in CO
2
conversion into value-added liquid fuels and chemicals. Here we report inverse ZrO
2
/Cu catalysts with a tunable Zr/Cu ratio have been prepared via an oxalate co-precipitation method, showing excellent performance for CO
2
hydrogenation to methanol. Under optimal condition, the catalyst composed by 10% of ZrO
2
supported over 90% of Cu exhibits the highest mass-specific methanol formation rate of 524 g
MeOH
kg
cat
−1
h
−1
at 220 °C, 3.3 times higher than the activity of traditional Cu/ZrO
2
catalysts (159 g
MeOH
kg
cat
−1
h
−1
). In situ XRD-PDF, XAFS and AP-XPS structural studies reveal that the inverse ZrO
2
/Cu catalysts are composed of islands of partially reduced 1–2 nm amorphous ZrO
2
supported over metallic Cu particles. The ZrO
2
islands are highly active for the CO
2
activation. Meanwhile, an intermediate of formate adsorbed on the Cu at 1350 cm
−1
is discovered by the in situ DRIFTS. This formate intermediate exhibits fast hydrogenation conversion to methoxy. The activation of CO
2
and hydrogenation of all the surface oxygenate intermediates are significantly accelerated over the inverse ZrO
2
/Cu configuration, accounting for the excellent methanol formation activity observed.
Enhancing the intrinsic activity and space time yield of Cu based heterogeneous methanol synthesis catalysts is one of the major topics in CO
2
hydrogenation. Here the authors develop a highly active inverse catalyst composed of fine ZrO
2
islands dispersed on metallic Cu nanoparticles.
Journal Article
Monitoring and Mapping Vegetation Cover Changes in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas Using Remote Sensing Technology: A Review
Vegetation cover change is one of the key indicators used for monitoring environmental quality. It can accurately reflect changes in hydrology, climate, and human activities, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. The main goal of this paper is to review the remote sensing satellite sensors and the methods used for monitoring and mapping vegetation cover changes in arid and semi-arid. Arid and semi-arid lands are eco-sensitive environments with limited water resources and vegetation cover. Monitoring vegetation changes are especially important in arid and semi-arid regions due to the scarce and sensitive nature of the plant cover. Due to expected changes in vegetation cover, land productivity and biodiversity might be affected. Thus, early detection of vegetation cover changes and the assessment of their extent and severity at the local and regional scales become very important in preventing future biodiversity loss. Remote sensing data are useful for monitoring and mapping vegetation cover changes and have been used extensively for identifying, assessing, and mapping such changes in different regions. Remote sensing data, such as satellite images, can be obtained from satellite-based and aircraft-based sensors to monitor and detect vegetation cover changes. By combining remotely sensed images, e.g., from satellites and aircraft, with ground truth data, it is possible to improve the accuracy of monitoring and mapping techniques. Additionally, satellite imagery data combined with ancillary data such as slope, elevation, aspect, water bodies, and soil characteristics can detect vegetation cover changes at the species level. Using analytical methods, the data can then be used to derive vegetation indices for mapping and monitoring vegetation.
Journal Article
An analysis of tissue-specific alternative splicing at the protein level
The role of alternative splicing is one of the great unanswered questions in cellular biology. There is strong evidence for alternative splicing at the transcript level, and transcriptomics experiments show that many splice events are tissue specific. It has been suggested that alternative splicing evolved in order to remodel tissue-specific protein-protein networks. Here we investigated the evidence for tissue-specific splicing among splice isoforms detected in a large-scale proteomics analysis. Although the data supporting alternative splicing is limited at the protein level, clear patterns emerged among the small numbers of alternative splice events that we could detect in the proteomics data. More than a third of these splice events were tissue-specific and most were ancient: over 95% of splice events that were tissue-specific in both proteomics and RNAseq analyses evolved prior to the ancestors of lobe-finned fish, at least 400 million years ago. By way of contrast, three in four alternative exons in the human gene set arose in the primate lineage, so our results cannot be extrapolated to the whole genome. Tissue-specific alternative protein forms in the proteomics analysis were particularly abundant in nervous and muscle tissues and their genes had roles related to the cytoskeleton and either the structure of muscle fibres or cell-cell connections. Our results suggest that this conserved tissue-specific alternative splicing may have played a role in the development of the vertebrate brain and heart.
Journal Article
Physical realization of a quantum spin liquid based on a complex frustration mechanism
Unlike conventional magnets where the magnetic moments are partially or completely static in the ground state, in a quantum spin liquid they remain in collective motion down to the lowest temperatures. The importance of this state is that it is coherent and highly entangled without breaking local symmetries. In the case of magnets with isotropic interactions, spin-liquid behaviour is sought in simple lattices with antiferromagnetic interactions that favour antiparallel alignments of the magnetic moments and are incompatible with the lattice geometries. Despite an extensive search, experimental realizations remain very few. Here we investigate the novel, unexplored magnet Ca
10
Cr
7
O
28
, which has a complex Hamiltonian consisting of several different isotropic interactions and where the ferromagnetic couplings are stronger than the antiferromagnetic ones. We show both experimentally and theoretically that it displays all the features expected of a quantum spin liquid. Thus spin-liquid behaviour in isotropic magnets is not restricted to the simple idealized models currently investigated, but can be compatible with complex structures and ferromagnetic interactions.
A detailed and systematic study of Ca
10
Cr
7
O
28
reveals all the hallmarks of spin-liquid behaviour, in spite of the compound’s unusually complex structure.
Journal Article
Long-term Effectiveness of a Smartphone App Combined With a Smart Band on Weight Loss, Physical Activity, and Caloric Intake in a Population With Overweight and Obesity (Evident 3 Study): Randomized Controlled Trial
Multicomponent mobile health approaches can improve lifestyle intervention results, although little is known about their long-term effectiveness.
This study aims to evaluate the long-term effectiveness (12 months) of a multicomponent mobile health intervention-combining a smartphone app, an activity tracker wristband, and brief counseling, compared with a brief counseling group only-on weight loss and improving body composition, physical activity, and caloric intake in Spanish sedentary adults with overweight or obesity.
We conducted a randomized controlled, multicenter clinical trial (Evident 3). A total of 650 participants were recruited from 5 primary care centers, with 318 participants in the intervention group (IG) and 332 in the control group (CG). All participants were briefly counseled about a healthy diet and physical activity at the baseline visit. For the 3-month intervention period, the IG received training to use the app to promote healthy lifestyles and the smart band (Mi Band 2, Xiaomi). All measurements were performed at baseline and at 3 and 12 months. Physical activity was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form. Nutritional habits were assessed using the Food Frequency Questionnaire and Adherence to Mediterranean diet questionnaire.
Of the 650 participants included, 563 (86.6%) completed the 3-month visit and 443 (68.2%) completed the 12-month visit. After 12 months, the IG showed net differences in weight (-0.26, 95% CI -1.21 to 0.70 kg; P=.02), BMI (-0.06, 95% CI -0.41 to 0.28 points; P=.01), waist-height ratio (-0.25, 95% CI -0.94 to 0.44; P=.03), body adiposity index (-0.33, 95% CI -0.77 to 0.11; P=.03), waist circumference (-0.48, 95% CI -1.62 to 0.66 cm, P=.04) and hip circumference (-0.69, 95% CI -1.62 to 0.25 cm; P=.03). Both groups lowered daily caloric intake and increased adherence to the Mediterranean diet, with no differences between the groups. The IG increased light physical activity time (32.6, 95% CI -30.3 to 95.04 min/week; P=.02) compared with the CG. Analyses by subgroup showed changes in body composition variables in women, people aged >50 years, and married people.
The low-intensity intervention of the Evident 3 study showed, in the IG, benefits in weight loss, some body composition variables, and time spent in light physical activity compared with the CG at 3 months, but once the devices were collected, the downward trend was not maintained at the 12-month follow-up. No differences in nutritional outcomes were observed between the groups.
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03175614; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03175614.
RR2-10.1097/MD.0000000000009633.
Journal Article