Explore the vast range of titles available.

Mothers who identify as Black or African American are more likely to report depressed moods in late pregnancy and early postpartum and have the lowest rates of human milk feeding compared with all other racial groups in the United States. Internet interventions offer the potential to extend preventative and supportive services as they address key barriers, particularly for those navigating the complex and vulnerable early postpartum period. However, there is limited evidence on the feasibility of such interventions for preventing perinatal mental health disorders and improving human milk feeding outcomes in Black mothers. This pilot study aimed to assess the feasibility and preliminary findings of a web-based cognitive behavioral therapy-based internet intervention, with and without human milk feeding education and support, to prevent perinatal depression and promote human milk feeding in Black mothers. Participants were Black-identifying individuals between 20 and 28 weeks of pregnancy with human milk feeding intention and mild to moderate depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire scores 5-14). Participants were randomized to either Sunnyside, a 6-week cognitive behavioral therapy-based web-based intervention, or Sunnyside Plus, which included additional education and support to promote human milk feeding. Assessments occurred at baseline, third trimester (end of antenatal treatment), 6 weeks postpartum (end of postpartum treatment), and 12 weeks postpartum. The primary focus of this randomized pilot trial was the feasibility and preliminary outcomes of mental health and human milk feeding. A total of 22 tertiary-educated participants were randomized. The mean number of log-ins was 7.3 (SD 5.3) for Sunnyside and 13.8 (SD 10.5) for Sunnyside Plus. Scores of depression and anxiety measures remained below the clinical threshold for referral to treatment in both groups. All the participants initiated human milk feeding (18/18, 100%). Most participants reported at least some human milk feeding at both 6 and 12 weeks postpartum (6/7, 86%; 11/11, 100%, or 10/10, 100%, for Sunnyside and Sunnyside Plus, respectively). The results suggest that tertiary-educated Black mothers at risk for perinatal depression and who intended to human milk feed were receptive to and satisfied with a web-based cognitive behavioral therapy-based internet intervention, with and without human milk feeding education and support. Preliminary findings indicate that both Sunnyside and Sunnyside Plus interventions have the potential to affect symptoms of depression, anxiety, and human milk feeding outcomes. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04128202; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04128202.

The comfortable setting of the Institute of Physics in London played host to a gathering of around 140 librarians, publishers, aggregators and intermediaries for UKSG's annual One-Day Conference in November 2012. Under the title ‘Rethinking collections: approaches, business models, experiences’, the day's presentations aimed to go beyond conventional notions of a library collection to look at how libraries are adapting their collection development policies to meet the changing needs of customers and publishers, and the changing business models available.

BRISBANE, Australia-- Russia and Ukraine loomed over a weekend meeting of the Group of 20 major economies, with swipes at Moscow by the U.K. setting the stage for a possible confrontation with President Vladimir Putin.

Incorporating expert knowledge at the time machine learning models are trained holds promise for producing models that are easier to interpret. The main objectives of this study were to use a feature engineering approach to incorporate clinical expert knowledge prior to applying machine learning techniques, and to assess the impact of the approach on model complexity and performance. Four machine learning models were trained to predict mortality with a severe asthma case study. Experiments to select fewer input features based on a discriminative score showed low to moderate precision for discovering clinically meaningful triplets, indicating that discriminative score alone cannot replace clinical input. When compared to baseline machine learning models, we found a decrease in model complexity with use of fewer features informed by discriminative score and filtering of laboratory features with clinical input. We also found a small difference in performance for the mortality prediction task when comparing baseline ML models to models that used filtered features. Encoding demographic and triplet information in ML models with filtered features appeared to show performance improvements from the baseline. These findings indicated that the use of filtered features may reduce model complexity, and with little impact on performance.

Solar energy technologies have been plagued by their limited visual appeal. Because the electrical power generated by solar panels increases with their surface area and therefore their occupancy of the observer's visual field, aesthetics will play an increasingly critical role in their future success in urban environments. Inspired by previous psychology research highlighting the aesthetic qualities of fractal patterns, we investigated panel designs featuring fractal electrodes. We conducted behavioral studies which compared observers' preferences for fractal and conventional bus-bar electrode patterns, along with computer simulations which compared their electrical performances. This led us to develop a hybrid electrode pattern which best combines the fractal and bus-bar designs. Here we show that the new hybrid electrode matches the electrical performance of bus-bars in terms of light transmission and minimizing electrical power losses, while benefiting from the superior aesthetics of fractal patterns. This innovative integration of psychology and engineering studies provides a framework for developing novel electrode patterns with increased implementation and acceptance.

Contrary to previous assumptions that most mutations are deleterious, there is increasing evidence for persistence of large-effect mutations in natural populations. A possible explanation for these observations is that mutant phenotypes and fitness may depend upon the specific environmental conditions to which a mutant is exposed. Here, we tested this hypothesis by growing large-effect flowering time mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana in multiple field sites and seasons to quantify their fitness effects in realistic natural conditions. By constructing environment-specific fitness landscapes based on flowering time and branching architecture, we observed that a subset of mutations increased fitness, but only in specific environments. These mutations increased fitness via different paths: through shifting flowering time, branching, or both. Branching was under stronger selection, but flowering time was more genetically variable, pointing to the importance of indirect selection on mutations through their pleiotropic effects on multiple phenotypes. Finally, mutations in hub genes with greater connectedness in their regulatory networks had greater effects on both phenotypes and fitness. Together, these findings indicate that large-effect mutations may persist in populations because they influence traits that are adaptive only under specific environmental conditions. Understanding their evolutionary dynamics therefore requires measuring their effects in multiple natural environments.

Toxoneuron nigriceps (Viereck) (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) and Campoletis sonorensis (Cameron) (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) are solitary endoparasitoids of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). They provide biological control of H. virescens populations in Southeastern US agricultural production systems. Field and greenhouse experiments conducted from 2011-2014 compared parasitism rates of parasitoids that developed inside H. virescens larvae fed on tobacco plants treated with and without imidacloprid. The parasitoids in our study did not have a similar response. Toxoneuron nigriceps had reduced parasitism rates, but parasitism rates of C. sonorensis were unaffected. Preliminary data indicate that adult female lifespans of T. nigriceps are also reduced. ELISA was used to measure concentrations of neonicotinoids, imidacloprid and imidacloprid metabolites in H. virescens larvae that fed on imidacloprid-treated plants and in the parasitoids that fed on these larvae. Concentrations were detectable in the whole bodies of parasitized H. virescens larvae, T. nigriceps larvae and T. nigriceps adults, but not in C. sonorensis larvae and adults. These findings suggest that there are effects of imidacloprid on multiple trophic levels, and that insecticide use may differentially affect natural enemies with similar feeding niches.

Abstract Rationale Drugs that stimulate 5-HT1A/1B receptors produce both tolerance and behavioral sensitization in adult rats and mice, yet it is unknown whether the same types of plasticity are evident during earlier ontogenetic periods.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine whether repeated treatment with selective 5-HT1A and/or 5-HT1B agonists cause tolerance and/or sensitization in preweanling rats.MethodsIn Experiments 1 and 2, male and female preweanling rats were given a single pretreatment injection of saline, the 5-HT1A agonist (R)-( +)-8-hydroxy-DPAT (8-OH-DPAT), or the 5-HT1B agonist CP-94253 on PD 20. After 48 h, rats received a challenge injection of 8-OH-DPAT or CP-94253, respectively. In Experiment 3, rats were pretreated with saline or DPAT + CP on PD 20 and challenged with the same drug cocktail on PD 22. In Experiment 4, the tolerance- or sensitization-inducing properties of 8-OH-DPAT, CP-94253, or DPAT + CP were tested after a 4-day pretreatment regimen on PD 17–20.ResultsOn the first pretreatment day, 8-OH-DPAT, CP-94253, and DPAT + CP increased locomotion and caused hypothermia. Repeated treatment with 8-OH-DPAT (2 or 8 mg/kg) or DPAT + CP caused locomotor sensitization in preweanling rats. In contrast, tolerance to the hypothermic effects of 8-OH-DPAT (8 mg/kg), CP-94253 (5–20 mg/kg), or DPAT + CP was evident after repeated drug treatment.ConclusionsDuring the preweanling period, a single injection of a selective 5-HT1A or 5-HT1B agonist is capable of producing drug-induced plasticity. A pretreatment administration of 8-OH-DPAT causes both tolerance (hypothermia) and behavioral sensitization (locomotor activity) in preweanling rats, whereas repeated CP-94253 treatment results in tolerance.