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"Rogers, A"
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Modern art in Cold War Beirut : drawing alliances
\"Modern Art in Cold War Beirut: Drawing Alliances examines the entangled histories of modern art and international politics during the decades of the 1950s and 60s. Positing the Cold War as a globalized conflict, fraught with different political ideologies and intercultural exchanges, this study asks how these historical circumstances shaped local debates in Beirut over artistic pedagogy, the social role of the artist, the aesthetics of form, and, ultimately, the development of a national art. Drawing on a range of archival material and taking an interdisciplinary approach that combines Art History, Middle Eastern, and Cold War studies, Sarah Rogers argues that the genealogies of modern art can never be understood as isolated, national histories, but rather that they participate in an ever contingent global modernism. This book will be of particular interest to scholars in art history, contemporary art, and Middle East studies\"-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
Microbiota–host communications: Bacterial extracellular vesicles as a common language
Both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that contain components from their mother cells. Bacterial EVs are similar in size to mammalian-derived EVs and are thought to mediate bacteria–host communications by transporting diverse bioactive molecules including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and metabolites. Bacterial EVs have been implicated in bacteria–bacteria and bacteria–host interactions, promoting health or causing various pathologies. Although the science of bacterial EVs is less developed than that of eukaryotic EVs, the number of studies on bacterial EVs is continuously increasing. This review highlights the current state of knowledge in the rapidly evolving field of bacterial EV science, focusing on their discovery, isolation, biogenesis, and more specifically on their role in microbiota–host communications. Knowledge of these mechanisms may be translated into new therapeutics and diagnostics based on bacterial EVs.
Journal Article
مارد في الصين
يتناول كتاب «مارد في الصين» حيث ستتعرف على القطاعات التي تعرض لك أفضل الفرص وأحدثها من الكهرباء والطاقة والزراعة، وصولا إلى السياحة والمياه والبنية التحتية. وبأسلوب العلامة التجارية الواقعية يقوم روجرز بفك رموز السياسات الرسمية التي ترعى الأرباح والإبداع، ويستبعد عامل التخويف من الأسهم، ويشجع أي قارئ على استخدام خبرته الشخصية، فعلى سبيل المثال : «إذا كنت ميكانيكيا فاطلع على صناعة السيارات في الصين»، ومن سمات كتاب «مارد في الصين» أيضا التحليلات المدهشة للشركات المتفوقة والآمنة التي تعد أكبر صانع شراب في الصين، والتي تبيع الشراب الصحي الممزوج بالأعشاب الطبية، بالإضافة إلى أنه إذا أردت أن تصدر شيئا ما إلى الصين بنفسك، أو حتى تشتري قطعة أرض فإن روجرز يطلعك على الخطوات اللازمة لإنجاز هذا العمل.
BOOK
Extracellular vesicles from symbiotic vaginal lactobacilli inhibit HIV-1 infection of human tissues
The vaginal microbiota, dominated by
Lactobacillus
spp., plays a key role in preventing HIV-1 transmission. Here, we investigate whether the anti-HIV effect of lactobacilli is mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by these bacteria. Human cervico-vaginal and tonsillar tissues ex vivo, and cell lines were infected with HIV-1 and treated with EVs released by lactobacilli isolated from vaginas of healthy women. EVs released by
L. crispatus
BC3 and
L. gasseri
BC12 protect tissues ex vivo and isolated cells from HIV-1 infection. This protection is associated with a decrease of viral attachment to target cells and viral entry due to diminished exposure of Env that mediates virus-cell interactions. Inhibition of HIV-1 infection is associated with the presence in EVs of several proteins and metabolites. Our findings demonstrate that the protective effect of
Lactobacillus
against HIV-1 is, in part, mediated by EVs released by these symbiotic bacteria. If confirmed in vivo, this finding may lead to new strategies to prevent male-to-female sexual HIV-1 transmission.
Lactobacillus
associates with vaginal protection from HIV-1 infection. Here, the authors show that lactobacilli extracellular vesicles contain bacterial proteins and metabolites that inhibit HIV-1 infection in T cells and in human cervico-vaginal and tonsillar tissues ex vivo via altering viral Env proteins.
Journal Article
Strategies to reduce the risks of mRNA drug and vaccine toxicity
mRNA formulated with lipid nanoparticles is a transformative technology that has enabled the rapid development and administration of billions of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine doses worldwide. However, avoiding unacceptable toxicity with mRNA drugs and vaccines presents challenges. Lipid nanoparticle structural components, production methods, route of administration and proteins produced from complexed mRNAs all present toxicity concerns. Here, we discuss these concerns, specifically how cell tropism and tissue distribution of mRNA and lipid nanoparticles can lead to toxicity, and their possible reactogenicity. We focus on adverse events from mRNA applications for protein replacement and gene editing therapies as well as vaccines, tracing common biochemical and cellular pathways. The potential and limitations of existing models and tools used to screen for on-target efficacy and de-risk off-target toxicity, including in vivo and next-generation in vitro models, are also discussed.The field of nucleic acid therapeutics is rapidly expanding, with mRNA drug and vaccine candidates now under development for diverse indications. However, various safety concerns are associated with the mRNA platform. This Review discusses key challenges and toxicities identified during the development of mRNA drugs and vaccines, assesses models and tools used to limit toxicity, highlighting knowledge gaps and future directions.
Journal Article
Synthesis, assembly and applications of semiconductor nanomembranes
Semiconductor nanomembranes: the next small thing?
Nanomembranes are a new and exciting class of materials for electronics applications. They are monocrystalline two-dimensional structures less than a few hundred nanometres thick. Unlike thin films, nanomembranes are self-standing and can be isolated from the substrate. Their geometry makes these materials particularly suitable for integration with electronic devices using existing technology. In this Review, the synthetic challenges, the multi-layer assembly procedures and applications of semiconductor nanomembranes in electronics and optoelectronics are reviewed. It covers both those inorganic semiconductive materials that can be reduced to a nanomembrane, and the two-dimensional organic carbon structures that are an alternative to graphene.
Research in electronic nanomaterials, historically dominated by studies of nanocrystals/fullerenes and nanowires/nanotubes, now incorporates a growing focus on sheets with nanoscale thicknesses, referred to as nanomembranes. Such materials have practical appeal because their two-dimensional geometries facilitate integration into devices, with realistic pathways to manufacturing. Recent advances in synthesis provide access to nanomembranes with extraordinary properties in a variety of configurations, some of which exploit quantum and other size-dependent effects. This progress, together with emerging methods for deterministic assembly, leads to compelling opportunities for research, from basic studies of two-dimensional physics to the development of applications of heterogeneous electronics.
Journal Article
Masterpieces of modern and contemporary art from the Farjam Collection
\"The Farjam Collection of Islamic, and Modern and Contemporary Middle Eastern art, comprising over 5,000 artworks owned by Dr Farhad Farjam, is a major collection well known in the Middle East and to the cognoscenti, but which has remained unpublished until now. This two-volume boxed set examines around 500 highlights from the Farjam Collection of Modern and Contemporary art from the Arab and Iranian worlds. Showcased with high-quality photography throughout, the expansive collection encompasses a wide variety of media, including painting, works on paper, photography, sculpture, installations, and videos. It features numerous treasures from across the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, including works by modern and contemporary artists such Dia al-Azzawi, Hassan Sharif, Mohamed Melehi, Bahman Mohassess, Hussein Bicar, Kadhim Haidar, Baya Mahieddine, Ayman Baalbaki, Rashid Rana, Fahrelnissa Zeid, Farhad Moshiri, Dana Awartani, Mounir Fatmi, Shezad Dawood, Mona Saudi, Susan Hefuna, Shirin Neshat, Mahmoud Said, and Sohrab Sepehri.\"-- Publisher's website.
BOOK
In search of physical meaning: defining transient parameters for nonlinear viscoelasticity
A complete set of model-independent viscoelastic functions for understanding responses to transient nonlinear rheological tests is presented, using large-amplitude oscillatory shear strain as a model nonlinear protocol. The derivation makes no assumptions about symmetries, and is therefore applicable to the responses to any input, allowing researchers to unambiguously define time-dependent moduli, viscosities, compliances, fluidities, and normal stress coefficients. A legend for interpreting the dynamic trajectories in modulus space is provided, along with explicit definitions of the rates at which the moduli change. These provide a quantitative mechanism to identify when, and by how much, a material response stiffens, softens, thickens, or thins while being deformed. In addition to providing analytical expressions for the moduli, the derivation
requires
the definition of a conceptually new term. This means there exist three, not two, time-dependent nonlinear viscoelastic functions by which any response can be fully described. The third function accounts for nonlinear properties such as yield stresses and the shifting of the strain equilibrium. This complete analysis scheme is unique in making a distinction between the strains in the lab and material frames. The quantitative sequence of physical process analysis, which is fully developed in this work, allows for comprehensive physical interpretations of responses to transient deformations of any kind to be made, including the steady alternance responses to large-amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS), time-dependent oscillatory shear startup responses, and thixotropic and anti-thixotropic responses.
Journal Article