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"Rohini, S"
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A multi-objective paleo-informed reconstruction of western US weather regimes over the past 600 years
Extreme weather variability has long posed difficulties for food, energy, and water systems in the Western US and is only projected to become more variable in a changing climate. The key to understanding weather in the West lies in understanding variability of large-scale weather regimes that dictate regional weather patterns. In this study, we propose a novel, multi-objective optimization and regression-based framework that reconstructs the annual frequency of regional weather regimes based on a gridded, tree-ring based reconstruction of cold season precipitation. The approach optimally smooths and selects the tree-ring based information used in the weather regime reconstruction to enhance out of sample performance and minimize model complexity. Multiple objectives are considered within the optimization to balance the preservation of low and high frequency modes of variability in the multivariate weather regime dynamics. We reconstruct weather regime frequencies back to 1400 CE and show that the reconstructed weather regimes are consistent with previously identified megadroughts and pluvials. Further, the reconstructed weather regimes exhibit significant variability in the 3–15-year frequency band and extend far beyond the bounds of the instrumental period. Overall, the weather regime reconstructions developed here provide important insight into the extent of natural atmospheric variability that can influence Western US weather.
Journal Article
Decoding the molecular mechanism via systems biology-based insights into neoschaftoside from Ailanthus altissima targeting lung cancer
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a critical regulator of multiple oncogenic signaling cascades, including MAPK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and JAK–STAT pathways, which collectively contribute to enhanced proliferation, angiogenesis, and resistance to apoptosis in cancer. Aberrant EGFR activation has been strongly associated with tumor progression and therapeutic resistance, underscoring its importance as a molecular target for anticancer interventions.
Ailanthus altissima
(
A. altissima
), is known for its broad-spectrum anticancer potential although the underlying mechanism has not yet been clearly defined. Therefore, in present study, bioactive constituents of
A. altissima
were systematically analyzed for their ability to modulate proteins implicated in cancer pathogenesis and subsequently overlapped with hub genes differentially expressed across cancer grades. The common targets were mapped to lung cancer associated signaling pathways, revealing EGFR as a highly modulated node. Among the identified metabolites, neoschaftoside emerged as the top-ranked bioactive interacting with EGFR-related hub genes. Later, Molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations demonstrated strong binding affinity and conformational stability of the EGFR neoschaftoside complex. Post-MD analyses, including principal component analysis (PCA) and dynamic cross-correlation matrix (DCCM) analysis, further indicated restricted global motions and enhanced correlated dynamics, confirming structural stabilization upon ligand binding. Collectively, these findings suggest that neoschaftoside may function as a promising lead compound capable of inhibiting EGFR activity through modulation of EGFR signaling, thereby suppressing oncogenic progression.
Journal Article
Dielectric and Complex Impedance Spectroscopic studies of Microwave synthesized Cupric Oxide nanoparticles
Hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) capped CuO nanoparticles were synthesized by microwave assisted technique. X-ray diffraction analysis confirms the formation of monoclinic single phase of the synthesized particles. The nature of ligand bonding and an estimate of the ligand molecules on the surface of CuO particles were obtained from Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy and Thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. Hysteresis measurements performed at 10 and 300 K show both the core-shell nature and the impact of the ligand. Dielectric measurements were performed with a temperature variation of 10 to 325 K and a frequency variation over 126 kHz to 949 kHz range. Broad relaxation peaks, reduction of dielectric constant with size and the presence of anomalies at slight variance to the magnetic transitions observed in bulk material, show signatures of the impact of ligand. Impedance spectroscopic (IS) analysis shows the room temperature impedance to be dominated by grain boundaries and reveals core-shell type of behaviour with conducting grains and insulating grain boundaries. A schematic is proposed with the grain consisting of the ligand capped CuO clusters separated by interfaces/grain boundaries.
Journal Article
Investigation of morphodynamic evolution in a shelf region of Bay of Bengal under extreme conditions
A comprehensive review of state of the art numerical modeling in the field of sea bed morphology during cyclonic events is of vital importance. In this study a high impact and devastating cyclone, Vardah (2016) is considered to understand the hydrodynamic conditions, whereas, the recent cyclone, Nivar (2020) is considered for investigating the morphodynamic changes along the continental shelf region off the state of Tamilnadu, India. Three different models are coupled intrinsically to simulate hydrodynamics of tides and surges, waves and morphodynamic conditions. Initially, the hydrodynamic and wave models are established and validated with field measurements for an extreme event. Then, morphodynamic model is coupled with validated wave and tide model. Furthermore, the validation of bed evolution is performed for two cases viz., currents only and combination of waves and currents. The combined effect of tides, waves and surges improves the morphodynamic predictions. The present paper emphasizes the spatial and temporal morphological changes along the radius of cyclone pertaining to the shelf region. It is observed that the impact of cyclone on morphodynamics is predominant upto half the radius of the cyclone along the coast and upto 25 m contour from the coast across the shelf region. In this study, the bed evolution and its rate of change at various locations along the coast and across the shelf are extensively discussed.
Journal Article
Enhancement in Performance Metrics for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) Using Hybrid Ant Lion Optimization (HALO) Algorithm
Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are constantly confronted with issues including variable quality of service (QoS) metrics, route optimization, and flexible topology. Here, a novel hybrid ant lion optimization (HALO) algorithm is proposed that integrates the cooperative foraging behavior of ant colonies from ant colony optimization and the hunting strategies of lion prides from Lion optimization algorithm along with ad hoc on‐demand multipath distance vector (AOMDV) protocol. This bio‐inspired algorithm dynamically adapts routing paths to optimize QoS metrics, including throughput, delay, packet delivery ratio, energy efficiency, and routing overhead. Simulation experiments conducted using network simulator‐3 (NS‐3) demonstrates HALO’s effectiveness in optimizing paths and enhancing performance metrics across various network scenarios. According to results, the suggested HALO algorithm works better than the conventional methods like lion optimization algorithm (LOA) and ant colony optimization (ACO) with ad hoc on‐demand distance vector (AODV) and AOMDV protocols. Simulation demonstrates that the suggested approach improves throughput by 30%–35%, PDR is increased by approximately 30%, E2E delay is reduced by 100 to 125 msec, energy consumption is reduced by 75 to 85 mJ, and routing overhead is reduced by 10% compared to the traditional routing protocols.
Journal Article
Multisector Dynamics: Advancing the Science of Complex Adaptive Human‐Earth Systems
The field of MultiSector Dynamics (MSD) explores the dynamics and co‐evolutionary pathways of human and Earth systems with a focus on critical goods, services, and amenities delivered to people through interdependent sectors. This commentary lays out core definitions and concepts, identifies MSD science questions in the context of the current state of knowledge, and describes ongoing activities to expand capacities for open science, leverage revolutions in data and computing, and grow and diversify the MSD workforce. Central to our vision is the ambition of advancing the next generation of complex adaptive human‐Earth systems science to better address interconnected risks, increase resilience, and improve sustainability. This will require convergent research and the integration of ideas and methods from multiple disciplines. Understanding the tradeoffs, synergies, and complexities that exist in coupled human‐Earth systems is particularly important in the context of energy transitions and increased future shocks. Key Points Sustainability, climate change, and energy transitions are highly interdependent challenges MultiSector Dynamics (MSD) studies these challenges through the lens of complex, adaptive human‐Earth systems Confronting human‐Earth systems complexity requires a diverse, transdisciplinary workforce and community‐level open science
Journal Article
Land use and land cover detection system using an intelligent framework
Remote Sensing is an interesting topic for many applications to recognize the complete land resource through satellite images. However, the key drawback behind this remote sensing paradigm is analyzing the feature. Because the presence of noisy content has maximized the risk of identifying the features present in the satellite images. So, the current article has planned to invent the novel Vulture-based Convolutional Land behavior Prediction (VbCLBP) by extracting the land features from the satellite images and collecting the land resource information by tracking land-use area. Moreover, the resources such as water, forest, crop, barren and urban regions are considered. The region obtained to track the estimated resources is the Andhra Pradesh-Chittoor location. Here, satellite images from the year 2017 to 2021 were utilized. Furthermore, the planned method is elaborated in the Google-Earth-Engine platform, written in java language. Also, the proficient measure of the developed novel VbCLBP was estimated with some significant metrics like kappa score and accuracy.
Journal Article
Ayurvedic management of Haglund's deformity diagnosed as Vatakantaka - A case report
Haglund's deformity is one of the orthopedic problematic conditions manifest as a painful plantar heel. Haglund's deformity is a posterosuperior calcaneal projection of bony overgrowth from calcaneum bone which occurs when the foot is exposed to constant strain leading to calcium deposition in the heel bone, can be correlated with Vatakantaka in Ayurveda. It can be treated with a combination of Viddhakarma (therapeutic needle-piercing therapy), and Agnikarma (therapeutic heat therapy) with oral Ayurvedic medications which cure disease and provide long-term relief. A 48-year-old female came with complaints of difficulty in walking, pain in the left heel region which aggravates after awakening in the morning, standing long time, and after excessive walking. She had taken analgesics, and steroids drug for 8 months but didn't get relief. So, she opted for an Ayurvedic medication for further treatment. With the help of seven settings of Viddhakarma, and Agnikarma there was a significant improvement in clinical features, assessment scales of pain, function, swelling, tenderness, and in bony outgrowth. Viddhakarma and Agnikarma an easy, affordable, and straightforward techniques that may be carried out at the OPD level with basic facilities. It can be inferred from this case study that the Combination of Viddhakarma, Agnikarma with oral Ayurvedic drugs is an effective treatment modality for Haglund's deformity.
Journal Article
Oxa-Iboga alkaloids lack cardiac risk and disrupt opioid use in animal models
Ibogaine and its main metabolite noribogaine provide important molecular prototypes for markedly different treatment of substance use disorders and co-morbid mental health illnesses. However, these compounds present a cardiac safety risk and a highly complex molecular mechanism. We introduce a class of iboga alkaloids – termed oxa-iboga – defined as benzofuran-containing iboga analogs and created via structural editing of the iboga skeleton. The oxa-iboga compounds lack the proarrhythmic adverse effects of ibogaine and noribogaine in primary human cardiomyocytes and show superior efficacy in animal models of opioid use disorder in male rats. They act as potent kappa opioid receptor agonists in vitro and in vivo, but exhibit atypical behavioral features compared to standard kappa opioid agonists. Oxa-noribogaine induces long-lasting suppression of morphine, heroin, and fentanyl intake after a single dose or a short treatment regimen, reversal of persistent opioid-induced hyperalgesia, and suppression of opioid drug seeking in rodent relapse models. As such, oxa-iboga compounds represent mechanistically distinct iboga analogs with therapeutic potential.
Ibogaine is a natural substance that interrupts opioid addiction but has cardiac risks. This article introduces novel ibogaine analogs that show reduced cardiac risk and enhanced neuroplasticity and therapeutic-like effects in models of opioid use disorder.
Journal Article