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The issue of balancing between home and work by working women has received much importance in research around the world. Distinctively, in Bangladesh, a lot of literature on women's issues is focused on less educated women in low-income groups. This article, however, is based on the experience of highly educated female teaching staff of the University of Dhaka, Bangladesh-one of the oldest public universities in a less developed country-and focuses on the strategies they employ to balance their jobs and family lives. This study concludes that the female teaching staff of this university place greater emphasis on their families rather than their professional careers, which is not surprising. Nonetheless, their unique strategies in employing several informal flexible practices within the university, in order to maintain a balance between work and care, is indeed a story that needs to be told.

Recyclable issues do not receive sufficient attention, which thus see low awareness among Malaysians. This paper1 proposes women's active participation in re-upcycling habits to maintain the ecologically challenging world today. Empowering women-at-home in this way enable them to sustain their own social and ecological well-being. Women can be active participants in community development activities. Even though they may be disinterested to work outside home, their involvement in their community should be encouraged. Embeddedness theory (ET) advocates empowerment of women through re-upcycling actions are to be initiated from home. With the support from community, in turn, these actions can be an economic resources for their households. Malaysian women are most affected by employment opportunities, supports and reassurances from various sectors, such as the government, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and most importantly, the men in their lives. Depriving them from this socio-economic foundation will further impact the unemployment rate for Malaysia. On the other hand, if strategic planning is implemented by utilising the abundance number of unemployed women-at-home, the socio-economic conditions of the nation can also be improved. Indeed, this paper motivates discussions on the employment policy whereby re-upcycling activities may pave ways for women-at-home to get involved in employment, without leaving their homes.

Family and marriage in Sri Lanka have endured far-reaching changes in recent decades. Starting with the migration from Sri Lanka, particularly after the 1970s, is one of the contributing factors in such family changes. Given that Sri Lanka has been giving greater importance to family and marriage, the present paper attempts to investigate changes in marriage choices, traditions, and marital relationships due to migration. The qualitative research method was utilized, compiling data through semi-structured interviews with thirty Sri Lankan migrant families using a purposive sampling technique, which was analyzed on a thematic basis. Based on the findings, migration was the cause of change in marital choice and traditions since migrants become economically independent and cherish new cultures. The marriage contracts and couple matching among migrant workers had not been spelt out their ancient traditions of Sri Lanka, which leaned more toward love matches. The study has identified the women who migrated as housemaids had formed families with Pakistani and Indian migrant workers, even accepting religious exogamy after arriving in Bahrain based on self-desire. These migrants concealed their personal choice and married without their parent's concerns and presence. The present study identified that wedlock without proper documents caused their children to be undocumented. Furthermore, the current study revealed that migrant workers who married other nationalities failed to establish fruitful families as their lives ended in divorce due to the lack of knowledge about marital partners and cohesive relationships with them. These findings are significant because of the dearth of literature on marriage migration among Middle Eastern migrants and the range of post-marriage challenges that migrants face in that particular destination. The information explored enriches the literature with a new sociological and empirical study.

This paper addresses the barriers that prevent Palestinian refugee children from obtaining education during their transition in the host country, Malaysia. It creates awareness among the Palestinian refugee community about this critical issue which threatens the future of their children who might spend many years without receiving adequate learning opportunities. The present study is based on a qualitative approach which is commonly used to explore recent phenomenon and provide an in-depth understanding of human behaviours and beliefs based on their points of view. It collected data employing semi-structured interviews with 30 Palestinian refugee families moving from Iraq, Syria and the Gaza Strip, and currently residing in Malaysia, waiting to be resettled in a third country through the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) office in Kuala Lumpur. Using thematic analysis technique, the research shows that there are economic, institutional and parental challenges preventing the Palestinian refugee children from receiving education in Malaysia. Also, it reveals how such challenges lead to negative psychological impacts among the parents and their children. Moreover, it is found that the parents did not play an adequate role in utilising potential alternative pathways to education. Finally, it offers a realistic solution to return these children to a viable education.

The article elaborates researchers' challenges in designing a structured survey on B40 urban women across three major ethnic groups in a multi-ethnic city of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It is an outcome of a sociological, quantitative research. A major focus of this article is to enrich the knowledge associated with designing a survey questionnaire involving interethnic study - a field that has a direct impact on any diverse-cultural societies. It provides an overview of methodological matters in conducting research on the interethnic theme. Its main objective is to raise understanding about methodological issues and procedures in designing the interethnic content survey. It is found that in designing the research questions and items in interethnic studies, researchers need to comprehend the socio-cultural-historical-political experiences of each ethnic group in Malaysia. This article hopes to provide helpful guidance to future researchers to engage in interethnic study. Understanding the influences of ethnic diversities regarding social relations is pertinent within the Malaysian context.

This paper addresses the perceptions and practices of doctorate candidates at the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) toward its vision of devoting educational efforts for restoring the dynamic role of the Muslim Ummah in all fields of knowledge and intellectual discourse. It investigates to what extent they possess competent research skills and foster core values such as cooperation and trust. It utilizes the qualitative research approach, using thematic analysis of data collected by semi-structured interviews. The sample is composed of ten Ph.D candidates, coming from the Middle East and Asian countries who currently study at IIUM. They are all Muslims; four females and six males. Eight candidates are the international students and two are Malaysians. Purposive sampling was implemented to select the candidates who were still pursuing their Ph.D degree at the time of conducting the study. They all came from five different kulliyyah (faculties), with two from each kulliyyah. The study showed that the Ph.D candidates' practices did not reflect the vision of IIUM. They lacked of competent research knowledge and skills as well as the core values represented by cooperation and mutual trust, which were clearly manifested in the IIUM's vision. The implication of this current qualitative study may bring into the realization of the existing critical situation of the Muslim Ummah. The Maqasid al- Shariah may be seen as the practical formula for IIUM to restore the core educational system for Islamic revivalism and glory.

The theme of this study is a paradoxical duality. It discusses the paradoxical situations of the home and the work sector, which career women face in life. It then explains the paradoxical paradigms of Malaysia's modernisation and the conservative traditions of the nation. Then finally it examines the paradoxical entity of women in engineering, which female engineers encounter in their careers. This study attempts to understand the current trend and pattern of women working in professional occupations in Malaysia. It seeks to explore their current situation through the case study of engineers of PetCo, using questionnaires, interviews and participant observations. It also intends to understand the domination of traditional perspectives on women, work and the family. The main questions of this study relate to women at work, both at home and the workplace in Malaysia. What are women's orientations to work - the workplace or home? How do employed women manage to negotiate their professional life and private life? Consequently, this study explores how cultural traditions and value systems encourage (or discourage) women in participating in the labour force. The fundamental research hypothesis rests on how most women in the country are adapting to the drive of the country towards industrialisation, yet also are still dealing with the grip of traditional societal expectations. It argues that Malaysia still practices some patriarchal elements that disadvantage women at home and in the workplace.