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A new record of a sauropodomorph dinosaur is here described from the Middle Jurassic (Aalenian) Saltwick Formation of Whitby (Yorkshire), UK. A single caudal vertebra represents an early sauropodomorph and signifies the earliest recognised eusauropod dinosaur from the United Kingdom. The absence of pleurocoels and a narrow, dorsoventrally deep, but craniocaudally short centrum, suggests a primitive sauropodomorph. Distinct spinopostzygopophyseal laminae rise from the lateral margins of the postzygapophyses and pass caudally along what remains of the neural spine, a character unique to a subgroup of sauropods that includes Barapasaurus, Omeisaurus and other neosauropods and eusauropods. The lack of phylogenetically robust characters in sauropod caudal vertebrae usually makes it difficult to establish affinities, but the absence of mild procoely excludes this specimen from both Diplodocoidea and Lithostrotia. The vertebra cannot be further distinguished from those of a wide range of basal sauropods, cetiosaurids and basal macronarians. However, this plesiomorphic vertebra still signifies the earliest stratigraphic occurrence for a British sauropod dinosaur.

Despite the Hebrides and Cleveland basins being geographically close, research has not previously been carried out to determine faunal similarities and assess the possibility of links between the dinosaur populations. The palaeogeography of both areas during the Middle Jurassic shows that there were no elevated landmasses being eroded to produce conglomeratic material in the basins at that time. The low-lying landscape and connected shorelines may have provided connectivity between the two dinosaur populations. The dinosaur fauna of the Hebrides and Cleveland basins has been assessed based primarily on the abundant ichnites found in both areas as well as their skeletal remains. In the two basins, the dinosaur faunas are very similar, consisting of non-neosauropod eusauropods, a possible basal titanosauriform, large and small theropods and ornithopods and europodan thyreophorans. The main difference in the faunas is in the sizes. In the Cleveland Basin, the ichnites suggest that there were medium and large theropods alongside small to medium sized ornithopods, whereas, in the Hebrides Basin, the theropods were from small to large and the ornithopods were medium to large. It is suggested that migrations could have taken place between the two areas during the Middle Jurassic. A tentative food chain from the herbivorous dinosaurs to the top predators can be inferred from the footprints.

Dinosaur tracks and trackways yield invaluable information as to the identity, size, and gait of the trackmaker and the conditions of the media (=substrate) it traversed. Correctly interpreting tracks requires consideration of their three-dimensional morphology. Laboratory-controlled simulations were conducted to investigate the subsurface track morphology formed from differently shaped feet, as the shape of the footprint deteriorates with depth. A circular, triangular, and a tridactyl dinosaur foot-shaped template, or indenter, were indented vertically into two types of sand, with four moisture contents—dry, 10%, 20%, and saturated. The morphology of all three indenters was preserved most accurately in the moist sand. Tracks in dry and saturated sand were distorted by a greater degree of media deformation. Digit imprints of tridactyl tracks were only clearly discernible in near-surface layers and were deformed by shear zones or inward movement of sediment in dry and saturated sand. The long digits of the template produced the greatest degree of outward displacement, and tracks became wider with depth and deepest in the heel region. This was most distinct in dry sand, where extensive shear zones in cross section demonstrated the outward and upward movement of sediment. All tracks in saturated sand were characterized by considerable downward displacement of sediment and features related to the upward pull of sediment as the templates were withdrawn. These diagnostic features allow vertebrate tracks to be differentiated from nonbiogenic, soft-sediment deformation. Fossil tracks studied from the Middle Jurassic succession of the Cleveland Basin, Yorkshire, demonstrate affinities to the experimental tracks formed in saturated sand.

Zombies are everywhere!!! Login | Register Setonian Alumni Sports Sports Copy Editor Published: Wednesday, April 30, 2014 Updated: Wednesday, April 30, 2014 23:04 The women's golf team at Seton Hall has been around for four years, and the Big East champions have four seniors that have watched the program develop since it began their freshman year.

Zombies are everywhere!!! Login | Register Setonian Alumni Sports Sports Copy Editor Published: Thursday, April 24, 2014 Updated: Thursday, April 24, 2014 00:04 Junior left-hander Anthony Elia is a pitcher for Seton Hall who just wanted an opportunity to prove himself as a capable starter who can win games for his team, and he was given that chance.

Zombies are everywhere!!! Login | Register Setonian Alumni Sports Sports Copy Editor Published: Thursday, April 3, 2014 Updated: Thursday, April 3, 2014 00:04 The Seton Hall women's basketball team's historic season came to an end last Thursday after suffering a heartbreaking double-overtime loss to in-state rival Rutgers in the third round of the 2014 WNIT.

The Eagles are led by senior Alexis Dobbs who was named to the First-Team All-Patriot League, and is the team's leading scorer with 13 ppg, 4.9 rebounds and 4.4 assists per game.

Zombies are everywhere!!! Login | Register Setonian Alumni Opinion Sports Copy Editor Published: Wednesday, March 5, 2014 Updated: Wednesday, March 5, 2014 22:03 I would be lying if I said I wasn't nervous about what lies ahead, but I can honestly say that it does not scare me.

Henze said that being a part of the softball team helped better her college experience and she describes the transition as gaining 20 older siblings.