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101 result(s) for "Roopnarine, Lomarsh"
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The lives of two Indians during indenture in Danish St Croix and British Guiana
The lives of two Indians during indenture in two European Caribbean colonies, Danish St Croix and British Guiana, are analyzed. Archival information and interviews are used to explore their lives. Findings reveal that despite the static and stoic aspects of indenture, there was an amazing transformation in lives through religious conversion and educational success. Studying biographical details is just as significant as examining other broad features of indenture, as they uncover hidden dynamics that may have otherwise been lost in history. Assessing biographical evidence is a great way to tell stories that reveal the individual’s life and their relationships with society. Biographical details tend to share personal, familial, or community bonds of the past, which is a valuable contribution to the study of indenture.
A Comparative Analysis of Two Failed Indenture Experiences in Post-emancipation Caribbean: British Guiana (1838-1843) and Danish St. Croix (1863–1868)
El siguiente artículo analiza dos experimentos fallidos de introducir trabajadores contratados de la India en Guyana Británica (1838–1843) y St. Croix danesa (1863–1868). En ambas colonias caribeñas, los estancieros se apresuraron a substituir la pérdida de la mano de obra de esclavos africanos con unos cientos de trabajadores contratados de la India. La intención era de salvar la industria azucarera, sin embargo no se daban los mecanismos apropiados como para hacer funcionar propiamente el sistema de labor por contrato. Por ende, los trabajadores fueron maltratados en cada uno de las etapas de servidumbre por contrato. En concreto, los trabajadores de la India fueron maltratados durante la contratación, durante la travesía de la India al Caribe, y en las haciendas. Los estancieros intentaron, particularmente en Guyana Británica, de esconder el maltrato de los trabajadores. No obstante, inspecciones individuales e indagaciones por parte de grupos como Friends of India y the Anti-Slavery Society, además de relatos de los mismos trabajadores expusieron los males de labor por contrato en ambas colonias. Después de los primeros cinco años de trabajo por contrato, la corona británica y el gobierno colonial de la India detuvieron el transporte de trabajadores de la India a ambas colonias. En Guyana Británica, si no en St. Croix danesa, el sistema de labor por contrato fue restablecido en 1845. English: The following article analyzes two failed Indian indenture experiments in British Guiana (1838–1843) and Danish St. Croix (1863–1868). In both Caribbean colonies, the planters rushed to substitute the loss of indentured Indians. While the plan was to save the sugar industry from ruin, the right mechanisms were not in place for the proper functioning of the indentured labour system. Consequently, the labourers were mistreated at every stage of indentured servitude. Specifically, Indians were mistreated during recruitment, on the sea voyage from India to the Caribbean, and on the plantations. The planters tried, particularly in British Guiana, to conceal the mistreatment of the labourers. However, private inspection and investigation from interest groups such as Friends of India, the Anti-Slavery Society, and accounts from the labourers themselves exposed the evils of indenture in both colonies. The British Crown and the colonized Indian government subsequently stopped the shipping of Indian labourers to both colonies after the first five-year experiment with indenture. The contract labour system was eventually resumed in British Guiana in 1845 but not in Danish St. Croix.
MANAGING GUYANA’S NEWFOUND OIL AND GAS WEALTH
Multinational oil corporations have found massive amounts of oil and gas in Guyana, one of the poorest countries in the Americas. Guyana is poised to be the new petro-state if revenues from these minerals are used wisely and skillfully. The country is, however, unprepared to deal with the complexities and challenges of managing oil companies and new-found wealth. The oil giants have cowed the inexperienced Guyana oil team in signing away the country to multinational corporations. The government settled and signed for less, giving the oil giants generous concessions. The fluctuation of oil prices per barrel, the impact of COVID-19, as well as ongoing corruption, ethnic tensions, political polarization, and ambition infra-structural projects have cast doubts on Guyana’s ability to manage the oil and gas industry effectively. Guyana is expected to lose US$55 billion from the one-sided signed contracts with oil giants and risk repeating the mistake of the resource curse experienced by many developing countries. Las corporaciones petroleras multinacionales han encontrado cantidades masivas de petróleo y gas en Guyana, uno de los países más pobres de las Américas. Guyana está a punto de convertirse en el nuevo petroestado si los ingresos de estos minerales se utilizan de manera inteligente y hábil. Sin embargo, el país no está preparado para lidiar con las complejidades y los desafíos de administrar las compañías petroleras y la riqueza recién descubierta. Los gigantes petroleros han intimidado al inexperto equipo petrolero de Guyana al ceder el país a las corporaciones multinacionales. El gobierno se conformó y firmó por menos, dando generosas concesiones a los gigantes petroleros. La fluctuación de los precios del petróleo por barril, el impacto de la COVID-19, así como la corrupción continua, las tensiones étnicas, la polarización política y los ambiciosos proyectos de infraestructura, han arrojado dudas sobre la capacidad de Guyana para administrar la industria del petróleo y el gas de manera efectiva. Se espera que Guyana pierda 55.000 millones de dólares estadounidenses por los contratos unilaterales firmados con los gigantes petroleros y se arriesgue a repetir el error de la maldición de los recursos experimentada por muchos países en desarrollo. Les sociétés pétrolières multinationales ont trouvé des quantités massives de pétrole et de gaz en Guyane, l’un des pays les plus pauvres des Amériques. La Guyane est en passe de devenir le nouvel État pétrolier si les revenus de ces minerais sont utilisés avec sagesse et compétence. Le pays n’est cependant pas préparé à faire face aux complexités et aux défis de la gestion des compagnies pétrolières et des nouvelles richesses. Les géants pétroliers ont intimidé l’équipe pétrolière inexpérimentée de la Guyane en cédant le pays aux multinationales. Le gouvernement a réglé et signé moins cher, accordant aux géants pétroliers de généreuses concessions. La fluctuation des prix du pétrole par baril, l’impact du COVID-19, ainsi que la corruption persistante, les tensions ethniques, la polarisation politique et les projets d’infrastructure ambitieux ont jeté des doutes sur la capacité du Guyana à gérer efficacement l’industrie pétrolière et gazière. On s’attend à ce que la Guyane perde 55 milliards de dollars des contrats signés à sens unique avec les géants pétroliers et risque de répéter l’erreur de la malédiction des ressources subie par de nombreux pays en développement.
The Repatriation, Readjustment, and second-term migration of Ex-Indentured Indian Laborers from British Guiana and Trinidad to India, 1838-1955
This article examines the readjustment and remigration of ex-indentured Indian laborers from India to the Caribbean. The author shows that there was a small but steady influx of ex-indentured Indian laborers or second-term Indian migrants to the Caribbean. The central question is why ex-indentured Indians returned to the Caribbean to again work under an abusive indenture system? The author contends that desperate conditions along with the restrictive caste structure in India as well their Caribbean experience forced ex-indentured Indian laborers to re-indenture themselves for a second and even third time.