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"Rosenthal, Eileen"
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I must have Bobo
When Willy wakes up without his favorite toy, he looks everywhere until he finds it.
Book
Dynamic changes in display architecture and function across environments revealed by a systems approach to animal communication
Animal communication is often structurally complex and dynamic, with signaler and receiver behavior varying in response to multiple environmental factors. To date, studies assessing signal dynamics have mostly focused on the relationships between select signaling traits and receiver responses in a single environment. We use the wolf spider Schizocosa floridana to explore the relationships between courtship display form and function across two social contexts (female presence vs absence) and two light environments (light vs dark). We use traditional analytical methods to determine predictors of copulation success (i.e., signal function) and examine these predictors in a structural context by overlaying them on signal phenotype networks (Wilkins et al. 2015). This allows us to explore system design principles (degeneracy, redundancy, pluripotentiality), providing insight into hypotheses regarding complex signal evolution. We found that both social context and light environment affect courtship structure, although the predictors of mating success remain similar across light environments, suggesting system degeneracy. Contrastingly, the same display traits may serve different functions across social environments, suggesting pluripotentiality. Ultimately, our network approach uncovers a complexity in display structure and function that is missed by functional analyses alone, highlighting the importance of systems-based methodologies for understanding the dynamic nature of complex signals.
Journal Article
Bobo the sailor man!
Willie finds all sorts of interesting things while he and Bobo are exploring, including a bucket that would be a perfect boat for Bobo, but before he knows it, Bobo and the \"boat\" have disappeared.
Book
The dominance of seismic signaling and selection for signal complexity in Schizocosa multimodal courtship displays
Schizocosa wolf spiders show tremendous diversity in courtship complexity, with different species employing varying numbers of components within and across sensory modalities. Using a comparative approach, we investigate the importance of each signaling modality in the courtship display of five Schizocosa species (three stridulating and two drumming) by assessing mating success under manipulated signaling environments. Irrespective of the degree of male ornamentation, the three stridulating species exhibit a dependence on the seismic, but not visual, signaling environment for mating success. Mating was independent of signaling environment for the two drumming species. We next ask whether the degree to which each species depends upon a signaling modality for mating (i.e., modality importance) is correlated with the estimated modality-specific signal complexity. We first calculate effect sizes for the influence of seismic versus visual signaling environments on the likelihood to mate for ten Schizocosa species and then use an element-counting approach to calculate seismic and visual signal complexity scores. We use a phylogenetic regression analysis to test two predictions: (1) the importance of seismic signaling is correlated with seismic signal complexity and (2) the importance of visual signaling is correlated with visual signal complexity. We find a significant relationship between visual signal importance and visual signal complexity, but no relationship between seismic signal importance and seismic signal complexity. Finally, we test the hypothesis that selection acts on complexity per se by determining whether seismic and visual signal complexity is correlated across species. We find support for this hypothesis in a significant relationship between seismic and visual signal complexity.
Journal Article
I'll save you Bobo!
Willy writes a storybook starring Bobo, his stuffed monkey, in order to act out his revenge fantasies on Earl, his cat, who retaliates by continually wrecking Willy's stories until the duo realize they both have something in common.
Book
LETTERS
Prevent them? Newsday somehow fails to make one single mention of what has been widely reported elsewhere: that Palestinians raise their children to believe that their lives can have no higher purpose than to contribute to the destruction of Israel; that Palestinians deliberately push their children onto the front lines of the intifada, in an atrociously cynical and transparent attempt to manipulate world opinion; and that the Palestinian Authority pays families up to $2,000 for the death of each child, less for injuries. On behalf of the faculty at SUNY Old Westbury, we wish to thank Newsday for its investigation of development plans that would have destroyed important open space without benefit to our campus [\"Campus Land Deals,\" April 29-May 3]. We regret, however, that your editors and reporters did not also take the time to report on the college's significant academic achievements as well. Here are just a few examples of Old Westbury's successes: For many years, faculty at Old Westbury have attracted more research funding per capita than any other SUNY four-year college. Of all SUNY campuses, Old Westbury has the highest proportion of distinguished professors and recipients of the chancellor's award for excellence in teaching. For three years in a row, students in Old Westbury's accounting program have outperformed their counterparts at all other local colleges in the percentage passing, on the first attempt, all parts taken of the certified public accounting exam. Junior Sunyata Smith just placed first in the physical sciences category of the statewide CSTEP science competition,the second straight year an Old Westbury student has won that event.
Newspaper Article
Plasma cells expression from smouldering myeloma to myeloma reveals the importance of the PRC2 complex, cell cycle progression, and the divergent evolutionary pathways within the different molecular subgroups
Sequencing studies have shed some light on the pathogenesis of progression from smouldering multiple myeloma (SMM) and symptomatic multiple myeloma (MM). Given the scarcity of smouldering samples, little data are available to determine which translational programmes are dysregulated and whether the mechanisms of progression are uniform across the main molecular subgroups. In this work, we investigated 223 SMM and 1348 MM samples from the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS) for which we had gene expression profiling (GEP). Patients were analysed by TC-7 subgroup for gene expression changes between SMM and MM. Among the commonly dysregulated genes in each subgroup, PHF19 and EZH2 highlight the importance of the PRC2.1 complex. We show that subgroup specific differences exist even at the SMM stage of disease with different biological features driving progression within each TC molecular subgroup. These data suggest that MMSET SMM has already transformed, but that the other precursor diseases are distinct clinical entities from their symptomatic counterpart.
Journal Article
The brain transcriptome of the wolf spider, Schizocosa ocreata
Objectives
Arachnids have fascinating and unique biology, particularly for questions on sex differences and behavior, creating the potential for development of powerful emerging models in this group. Recent advances in genomic techniques have paved the way for a significant increase in the breadth of genomic studies in non-model organisms. One growing area of research is comparative transcriptomics. When phylogenetic relationships to model organisms are known, comparative genomic studies provide context for analysis of homologous genes and pathways. The goal of this study was to lay the groundwork for comparative transcriptomics of sex differences in the brain of wolf spiders, a non-model organism of the pyhlum Euarthropoda, by generating transcriptomes and analyzing gene expression.
Data description
To examine sex-differential gene expression, short read transcript sequencing and de novo transcriptome assembly were performed. Messenger RNA was isolated from brain tissue of male and female subadult and mature wolf spiders (
Schizocosa ocreata
). The raw data consist of sequences for the two different life stages in each sex. Computational analyses on these data include de novo transcriptome assembly and differential expression analyses. Sample-specific and combined transcriptomes, gene annotations, and differential expression results are described in this data note and are available from publicly-available databases.
Journal Article
Cash transfer during the COVID-19 pandemic: a multicentre, randomised controlled trial
ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of a one-time cash transfer of $C1000 in people who are unable to physically distance due to insufficient income.DesignOpen-label, multi-centre, randomised superiority trial.SettingSeven primary care sites in Ontario, Canada; six urban sites associated with St. Michael’s Hospital in Toronto and one in Manitoulin Island.Participants392 individuals who reported trouble affording basic necessities due to disruptions related to COVID-19.InterventionAfter random allocation, participants either received the cash transfer of $C1000 (n=196) or physical distancing guidelines alone (n=196).Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the maximum number of symptoms consistent with COVID-19 over 14 days. Secondary outcomes were meeting clinical criteria for COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 presence, number of close contacts, general health and ability to afford basic necessities.ResultsThe primary outcome of number of symptoms reported by participants did not differ between groups after 2 weeks (cash transfer, mean 1.6 vs 1.9, ratio of means 0.83; 95% CI 0.56 to 1.24). There were no statistically significant effects on secondary outcomes of the meeting COVID-19 clinical criteria (7.9% vs 12.8%; risk difference −0.05; 95% CI −0.11 to 0.01), SARS-CoV-2 presence (0.5% vs 0.6%; risk difference 0.00 95% CI −0.02 to 0.02), mean number of close contacts (3.5 vs 3.7; rate ratio 1.10; 95% CI 0.83 to 1.46), general health very good or excellent (60% vs 63%; risk difference −0.03 95% CI −0.14 to 0.08) and ability to make ends meet (52% vs 51%; risk difference 0.01 95% CI −0.10 to 0.12).ConclusionsA single cash transfer did not reduce the COVID-19 symptoms or improve the ability to afford necessities. Further studies are needed to determine whether some groups may benefit from financial supports and to determine if a higher level of support is beneficial.Trial registration numberNCT04359264.
Journal Article
Reduced intensity allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation can induce durable remission in heavily pretreated relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma
Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) can be aggressive and intractable in some cases. Patients who relapse after autologous HCT (auto-HCT) have limited treatment options. City of Hope reports our experience in the use of reduced intensity allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) in 24 heavily pretreated patients with relapsed HL, between January 2003 and December 2008. The median number of prior therapies was 5; 20/24 patients had prior auto-HCT. The conditioning regimen for all patients was fludarabine and melphalan. With a median follow-up for living patients of 39.0 months, at 2 years the overall survival (OS) was 60% (95% CI 42, 72) and the progression-free survival was 27% (95% CI 22, 32). Non-relapse mortality was 13.1% (95% CI 5.1, 31.4) at 2 years. The incidence of grade II–IV aGVHD was 45.8% and 8.3% for grade III–IV. Allo-HCT in heavily pretreated relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma is feasible, tolerable, and can induce durable clinical remissions.
Journal Article