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Morphometric cranial variation among Spanish samples was compared to a 19th century Portuguese sample using both traditional and three-dimensional approaches. The Spanish samples included the regional 19th century Oloriz collection and the local 16–17th century Villanubla and Vallolid sample from northwestern Spain. Results suggest moderate variation among the samples and suggest that varying patterns of regional variation, sexual dimorphism and secular change represent important factors to be considered in the evaluation of population affinity using craniometric approaches.

•A multiple-lab study on CFS has been carried out for the first time.•Each participant employed her/his particular methodology and technological means.•Provide important insights to better understand the most convenient characteristics. As part of the scientific tasks coordinated throughout The ‘New Methodologies and Protocols of Forensic Identification by Craniofacial Superimposition (MEPROCS)’ project, the current study aims to analyse the performance of a diverse set of CFS methodologies and the corresponding technical approaches when dealing with a common dataset of real-world cases. Thus, a multiple-lab study on craniofacial superimposition has been carried out for the first time. In particular, 26 participants from 17 different institutions in 13 countries were asked to deal with 14 identification scenarios, some of them involving the comparison of multiple candidates and unknown skulls. In total, 60 craniofacial superimposition problems divided in two set of females and males. Each participant follow her/his own methodology and employed her/his particular technological means. For each single case they were asked to report the final identification decision (either positive or negative) along with the rationale supporting the decision and at least one image illustrating the overlay/superimposition outcome. This study is expected to provide important insights to better understand the most convenient characteristics of every method included in this study.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to highlight and discuss the unique safety and protection requirements for the electrical microgrid system in a turboelectric distributed propulsion aircraft. Design/methodology/approach – The NASA N3-X concept aircraft requirements were considered. The TeDP system was decomposed into three subsystems: turbogenerator, distribution system and propulsors. Unique considerations for each of these subsystems were identified. Findings – The fail-safe requirements for a TeDP system require a divergence from the standard safety case used for conventional propulsion systems. Advantages in flight control and single-engine-out scenarios can be realized using TeDP. Additionally, a targeted use of energy storage and reconfigurability may enable seamless response to propulsion systems failures. Practical implications – The concepts discussed in this paper will assist to guide the early conceptual and preliminary design and evaluation of TeDP architectures. Originality/value – The safety case for TeDP architectures is currently immature. The work presented here acts to frame some of the major issues when designing, evaluating and verifying TeDP conceptual architectures.

Achieving more sustainable land and water use depends on high‐quality information and its improved use. In other words, better linkages are needed between science and management. Since many stakeholders with different relationships to the natural resources are inevitably involved, we suggest that collaborative learning environments and improved information management are prerequisites for integrating science and management. Case studies that deal with resource management issues are presented that illustrate the creation of collaborative learning environments through systems analyses with communities, and an integration of scientific and experiential knowledge of components of the system. This new knowledge needs to be captured and made accessible through innovative information management systems designed collaboratively with users, in forms which fit the users' ‘mental models’ of how their systems work. A model for linking science and resource management more effectively is suggested. This model entails systems thinking in a collaborative learning environment, and processes to help convergence of views and value systems, and make scientists and different kinds of managers aware of their interdependence. Adaptive management provides a mechanism for applying and refining scientists' and managers' knowledge. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The aim of this study was to investigate the application of grapeseed oil, a waste product from the wine industry, as a renewable feedstock to make polyesters and to compare the properties of these materials with those derived from soybean and rapeseed oils. All three oils were epoxidized to give renewable epoxy monomers containing between 3.8 and 4.7 epoxides per molecule. Polymerisation was achieved with cyclic anhydrides catalysed by 4-methyl imidazole at 170 and 210 °C. Polymers produced from methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride (Aradur917 ® ) had greater tensile strength and Young’s Modulus (tensile strength = 12.8 MPa, Young’s Modulus = 1005 MPa for grapeseed) than methyl nadic anhydride (MNA) derived materials (5.6 and 468 MPa for grapeseed) due to increased volume of MNA decreasing crosslink density. Soybean and grapeseed oils produced materials with higher tensile strength (5.6–29.3 MPa) than rapeseed derived polyesters (2.5–3.9 MPa) due to a higher epoxide functionality increasing crosslinking. T g ’s of the polyesters ranged from −36 to 62 °C and mirrored the trend in epoxide functionality with grapeseed producing higher T g polymers (−17 to 17 °C) than soybean (−25 to 6 °C) and rapeseed (−36 to −27 °C). Grapeseed oil showed similar properties to soybean oil in terms of T g , thermal degradation and Young’s Modulus but produced polymers of lower tensile strength. Therefore grapeseed oil would only be a viable substitute for soybean for low stress applications or where thermal properties are more important.

This paper outlines power system architecture trades performed on the N3-X hybrid wing body aircraft concept under NASA's Research and Technology for Aerospace Propulsion (RTAPS) study effort. The purpose of the study to enumerate, characterize, and evaluate the critical dynamic and safety issues for the propulsion electric grid of a superconducting Turboelectric Distributed Propulsion (TeDP) system pursuant to NASA N+3 Goals (TRL 4-6: 2025, EIS: 2030-2035). Architecture recommendations focus on solutions which promote electrical stability, electric grid safety, and aircraft safety. Candidate architectures were developed and sized by balancing redundancy and interconnectivity to provide fail safe and reliable, flight critical thrust capability. This paper outlines a process for formal contingency analysis used to identify these off-nominal requirements. Advantageous architecture configurations enabled a reduction in the NASA's assumed sizing requirements for the propulsors. However, significant weight penalties were also identified by including estimates of protection equipment sizing. Following an architecture down-selecting process, first order dynamic models were generated to assess the energy storage requirements for the TeDP system.

NASA's N3-X aircraft design under the Research and Technology for Aerospace Propulsion Systems (RTAPS) study is being designed to meet the N+3 goals, one of which is the reduction of aircraft fuel burn by 70% or better. To achieve this goal, NASA has analyzed a hybrid body wing aircraft with a turboelectric distributed propulsion system. The propulsion system must be designed to operate at the highest possible efficiency in order to meet the reduced fuel burn goal. To achieve maximum efficiency, NASA has proposed to use a superconducting and cryogenic electrical system to connect the electrical output of the generators to the motors. In addition to being more efficient, superconducting electrical system components have higher power density (kW/kg) and torque density (Nm/kg) than components that operate at normal temperature. High density components are required to minimize the weight of the electric propulsion system while meeting the high power demand. Minimizing the electric propulsion system weight helps to reduce the amount of fuel required for propulsion. In this paper, evaluation of the electrical system components such as cryogenic and superconducting generators, motors, power converters, DC and AC cables, energy storage, circuit breakers, and fault-current limiters is presented. A review of the present status of these components and sub-systems is also presented and the progress of technology for future applications is discussed.

In this study, we present ongoing research documenting the diversity of European and Hispanic populations. A sample of 1199 crania representing two large geographically and demographically heterogeneous regions (Central and Southern Europe and Brazil) was tested against a sizable database incorporated in the previous version of 3D-ID software. Craniofacial morphology was described by 3-D spatial data processed by methods of geometric morphometrics. The results illustrate morphological complexity and specificity of the examined geographic regions. They also support the need to reevaluate traditional classification systems used in the assessment of ancestry.

The recent increase in the number of missing persons and unidentified dead in the United States, which has resulted in an increase in the total count of cold cases around the country, has triggered multiple requests from medical examiner's offices and law enforcement agencies to reevaluate the original biological profiles derived from these unsolved cases. The general misconception that a positive DNA match can always be provided in conjunction with questionable, mostly outdated methodology used for profiling, and an incorrect understanding of geographic origins of deceased individuals, has led to many erroneous assessments of biological parameters. This chapter illustrates how these cases can be approached using a complex multifactorial analysis relying on more than a single strategy. In the present study, a geometric morphometric landmark-based approach was combined with an analysis of strontium, oxygen, and carbon isotopes and applied to a North Carolina cold case. Although official reports indicate that the geographic origin of Hispanics in North Carolina is approximately 61% Mexican, the region of provenance for deceased immigrants found in North Carolina is less straightforward. The analyzed indicators suggest that the reexamined cold cases (including the one highlighted) are morphologically closer to samples from Panama and Guatemala than Mexican individuals. The combined approach also shows that although the point of entry for the undocumented immigrants is most likely the US/Mexico border, other regions of origin such as South America (eg, Peru, Chile) and Central America (eg, Honduras, El Salvador) should be considered as possible places of origin.

Genomic and cDNA clones for the human nerve growth factor receptor have been used in conjunction with somatic cell hybrid analysis and in situ hybridization to localize the nerve growth factor receptor locus to human chromosome region 17q12-q22. Additionally, part, if not all, of the nerve growth factor receptor locus is present on the translocated portion of 17q (17q21-qter) from a poorly differentiated acute leukemia in which the chromosome 17 breakpoint was indistinguishable cytogenetically from the 17 breakpoint observed in the t(15;17)(q22;q21) translocation associated with acute promyelocytic leukemia. Thus the nerve growth factor receptor locus may be closely distal to the acute promyelocytic leukemia-associated chromosome 17 breakpoint at 17q21.