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"Roth, C."
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Understanding architecture : its elements, history, and meaning
\"This bestselling, illustrated survey of Western architecture is now fully revised throughout, explaining the structure, function, history, and meaning of architecture in a way that is both accessible and engaging. The long-awaited third edition includes increased global coverage with new mini chapters on Africa, Japan, China, India, and Islamic Architecture; a new chapter covering the future of architecture in the twenty-first century; updated coverage of sustainability and green architecture and its impact on design; an update to the historical survey; and over fifty images in full color. Understanding Architecture continues to be the only text in the field to examine architecture as a cultural phenomenon as well as an artistic and technological achievement with its straightforward, two-part structure: (1) The Elements of Architecture and (2) The History and Meaning of Architecture. Comprehensive and clearly written, Understanding Architecture is a classic survey of Western architecture. \"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
An axon-specific expression of HCN channels catalyzes fast action potential signaling in GABAergic interneurons
During high-frequency network activities, fast-spiking, parvalbumin-expressing basket cells (PV
+
-BCs) generate barrages of fast synaptic inhibition to control the probability and precise timing of action potential (AP) initiation in principal neurons. Here we describe a subcellular specialization that contributes to the high speed of synaptic inhibition mediated by PV
+
-BCs. Mapping of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channel distribution in rat hippocampal PV
+
-BCs with subcellular patch-clamp methods revealed that functional HCN channels are exclusively expressed in axons and completely absent from somata and dendrites. HCN channels not only enhance AP initiation during sustained high-frequency firing but also speed up the propagation of AP trains in PV
+
-BC axons by dynamically opposing the hyperpolarization produced by Na
+
-K
+
ATPases. Since axonal AP signaling determines the timing of synaptic communication, the axon-specific expression of HCN channels represents a specialization for PV
+
-BCs to operate at high speed.
The precise subcellular location of ion channels is a key determinant of their functions. Here, subcellular patch-clamp recordings demonstrate that an axon-specific expression of HCN channels facilitates the initiation and propagation of action potentials in parvalbumin-expressing basket cells.
Journal Article
Post–COVID-19 Cholangiopathy: A Novel Entity
Liver chemistry abnormalities are a frequent manifestation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) but are usually transient and resolve with disease resolution.
We describe the clinical course and histologic features of 3 adults who developed prolonged and severe cholestasis during recovery from critical cardiopulmonary COVID-19.
These patients had clinical and histologic features similar to secondary sclerosing cholangitis of the critically ill patient, but with unique histologic features including severe cholangiocyte injury and intrahepatic microangiopathy suggestive of direct hepatic injury from COVID-19.
We believe that these cases constitute a novel severe post-COVID-19 cholangiopathy with potential for long-term hepatic morbidity.
Journal Article
American architecture : a history
\"More than fifteen years after the success of the first edition, this sweeping introduction to the history of architecture in the United States is now a fully revised guide to the major developments that shaped the environment from the first Americans to the present, from the everyday vernacular to the high style of aspiration. Eleven chronologically organized chapters chart the social, cultural, and political forces that shaped the growth and development of American towns, cities, and suburbs, while providing full description, analysis, and interpretation of buildings and their architects. The second edition features an entirely new chapter detailing the green architecture movement and architectural trends in the 21st century. Further updates include an expanded section on Native American architecture and contemporary design by Native American architects, new discussions on architectural education and training, more examples of women architects and designers, and a thoroughly expanded glossary to help today's readers. The art program is expanded, including 640 black and white images and 62 new color images. Accessible and engaging, American Architecture continues to set the standard as a guide, study, and reference for those seeking to better understand the rich history of architecture in the United States\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Rare-earth-doped biological composites as in vivo shortwave infrared reporters
The extension of
in vivo
optical imaging for disease screening and image-guided surgical interventions requires brightly emitting, tissue-specific materials that optically transmit through living tissue and can be imaged with portable systems that display data in real-time. Recent work suggests that a new window across the short-wavelength infrared region can improve
in vivo
imaging sensitivity over near infrared light. Here we report on the first evidence of multispectral, real-time short-wavelength infrared imaging offering anatomical resolution using brightly emitting rare-earth nanomaterials and demonstrate their applicability toward disease-targeted imaging. Inorganic-protein nanocomposites of rare-earth nanomaterials with human serum albumin facilitated systemic biodistribution of the rare-earth nanomaterials resulting in the increased accumulation and retention in tumour tissue that was visualized by the localized enhancement of infrared signal intensity. Our findings lay the groundwork for a new generation of versatile, biomedical nanomaterials that can advance disease monitoring based on a pioneering infrared imaging technique.
The short-wavelength infrared spectral region is of interest for bio-imaging applications as biological tissue is transparent to such light. Here Naczynski
et al
. fabricate rare-earth-based nanomaterials and demonstrate multispectral, real-time short-wavelength infrared
in-vivo
imaging.
Journal Article
Empowering students as self-directed learners of qualitative research methods : transformational practices for instructors and students
\"Qualitative research instructors seek information to help students actively engage in qualitative inquiry. They desire to learn about innovative, constructivist approaches that connect and empower students as a community of learners. Empowering Students as Self-Directed Learners of Qualitative Research Methods meets these needs with practices and approaches instructors may use to position students as active, empowered, self-directed learners who learn to do qualitative research by doing qualitative research. Students will find this book useful because it includes authentic student work, student reflections, factual classroom scenarios depicting professors guiding students as they devise research questions and determine the qualitative genre to best answer those questions as well as a chapter that includes a checklist to help students plan, revise, and edit the academic writing critical for communicating qualitative research. The book blends the thoughts of international scholars with the voices of students of qualitative research methods who participated in the transformative practices described in the book. The collective ideas meet the instructional, cultural, and psychological needs of diverse learners, including students from various disciplines, exceptionally able students, those with creative and artistic aptitudes, those from marginalized populations, English language learners, and those who struggle to master qualitative research methods\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
High Strain Rate Response of Additively-Manufactured Plate-Lattices: Experiments and Modeling
Plate-lattices are a new emerging class of isotropic cellular solids that attain the theoretical limits for the stiffness of porous materials. For the same mass, they are significantly stiffer than random foams or optimal truss-lattice structures. Plate-lattice structures of cubic symmetry are fabricated from stainless steel 316L through selective laser melting. A special direct impact Hopkinson bar system is employed to perform dynamic compression experiments at strain rates of about 500/s. In addition, tensile specimens are manufactured for characterizing the stress–strain response of the additively-manufactured cell wall material for strain rates ranging from 10−3 to 103/s. The results show that plate-lattices of a relative density of 23% crush progressively when subject to large strain compression. Their specific energy absorption increases by about 8% when increasing the applied strain rate from 0.001 to 500/s, which is primarily attributed to the strain rate sensitivity of the base material. Good quantitative and qualitative agreement between the experiments and the simulations is observed when using a detailed finite element model of the plate structures in conjunction with a modified Johnson–Cook model. The comparison of the simulation results for plate- and truss-lattices of the equal-density reveal a 45% increase in specific energy absorption. Compression experiments on Ti–6Al–4V lattices revealed a low energy absorption due to the early fracture of the additively-manufactured cell wall material.
Journal Article
Sleep loss impairs cognitive performance and alters song output in Australian magpies
Sleep maintains optimal brain functioning to facilitate behavioural flexibility while awake. Owing to a historical bias towards research on mammals, we know comparatively little about the role of sleep in facilitating the cognitive abilities of birds. We investigated how sleep deprivation over the full-night (12 h) or half-night (6 h) affects cognitive performance in adult Australian magpies (
Cracticus tibicen
), relative to that after a night of undisturbed sleep. Each condition was preceded and followed by a baseline and recovery night of sleep, respectively. Prior to each treatment, birds were trained on an associative learning task; on the day after experimental treatment (recovery day), birds were tested on a reversal learning task. To glean whether sleep loss affected song output, we also conducted impromptu song recordings for three days. Ultimately, sleep-deprived magpies were slower to attempt the reversal learning task, less likely to perform and complete the task, and those that did the test performed worse than better-rested birds. We also found that sleep-deprived magpies sang longer yet fewer songs, shifted crepuscular singing to mid-day, and during the post-recovery day, song frequency bandwidth narrowed. These results collectively indicate that sleep loss impairs motivation and cognitive performance, and alters song output, in a social adult songbird.
Journal Article