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In this research, silver/graphene oxide (Ag/GO) nanohybrid was first synthesized and used in production of polysulfone (PSF) ultrafiltration (UF) membranes via phase inversion method for concentrating phycocyanin (PC) and treating methylene blue (MB) dye effluent. Designing the experiment (DOE) using Box-Behnken method by Design Expert software helped to calculate the optimal values of the variables under study. The studied variables included PSF polymer concentration, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) pore-former concentration and Ag/GO nanohybrid content, which were investigated for their effects on pure water flux (PWF) and MB pigment rejection. According to the results of the DOE, the membrane containing 19.485 wt% PSF, 0.043 wt% PVP and 0.987 wt% Ag/GO was selected as the optimal membrane. Due to the high price of PC as drug, and the importance of removing MB pigment from the effluent of dyeing and textile industries, the membranes were first optimized with MB pigment and then the optimal membrane was used for concentrating PC. The results showed that PWF reaches from 40.05 L.m − 2 .h − 1 (LMH) for the neat membrane to 156.73 LMH for the optimized membrane, which shows about 4 times improvement. Compared to the neat membrane, flux recovery ratio (FRR) of the optimized membrane increased by about 20% and its total fouling (R t ) decreased by about 10%. Also, the results showed that the optimized membrane can remove 81.6% of MB, as well as to reject 93.8% of PC.

Our study represents the first effort in the Eastern Mediterranean Region to identify disparities in the quality of colorectal cancer (CRC) care in Iran. We established a collaborative registry program for non-metastatic CRC patients to evaluate survival rates between teaching cancer centers (TCCs) and a high-volume, non-teaching, non-cancer center (NTNC). The study included a diverse patient population and considered various factors such as cancer stage, margin involvement, adherence to guidelines for adjuvant and neoadjuvant treatments, emergency surgeries, socioeconomic status, and risk of surgery. We utilized a multivariate Cox regression model and the targeted maximum likelihood estimator (TMLE) to analyze survival disparities in colorectal cancer between TCCs and the NTNC. We recruited 668 CRC patients, including 320 with colon cancer and 298 with rectal cancer. Patients who underwent surgery at teaching cancer centers (TCCs) displayed significantly higher quality of care and better outcomes than those treated at the non-teaching, non-cancer center (NTNC). The adjusted hazard ratios (HR) were 1.97 (95% CI 1.21-3.21) for colon cancer and 1.54 (95% CI 1.01-2.55) for rectal cancer. Additionally, we observed significant causal mortality risk ratios (RR) based on hospital type for overall colorectal cancer (RR = 1.42, 95% CI 1.12-1.81) and specifically for colon (RR = 1.48, 95% CI 1.04-2.11) and rectum cancer (RR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.01-2.02). The survival disparities in colon and rectal cancers between TCCs and NTNCs highlight a significant gap in CRC care in Iran. It is essential to expand this study nationally and implement the knowledge and experiences from TCCs in other hospitals to improve the quality of care and enhance patient outcomes.

Due to the development of power electronic devices, the DC microgrids are competing AC microgrids, and even in some areas, such as efficiency, reliability, stability, DC microgrids are superior. In spite of mentioned advantages, the main technical challenge related to operation of the DC microgrids is to provide a fast and stable voltage regulation. In this paper, a robust control structure is proposed for multi-bus DC microgrids. Adopting master–slave control strategy, an adaptive voltage control scheme is proposed to robustly maintain the master unit voltage at the nominal value. In addition, an adaptive current controller is designed to robustly regulate the current of all the DG units in the grid-connected mode, as well as the slave units in the islanded mode of operation. All of the controllers are designed based on local measurements and are independent with respect to parameters, dynamic, and topology of the DCMG loads. The control scheme is shown to be stable and robust subject to parametric uncertainties and various types of disturbances. The consistent and effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is demonstrated through simulation studies in MATLAB ® software environment.

This work reports for the first time electrosynthesis of hexanethiol capped silver nanotriangles cores (Ag@C6SH NCs) by a rapid, clean, and simple Double Pulse Chronopotentiometric (DCP) method in nonaqueous media, using a Taguchi orthogonal array L 8 design to identify the optimized experimental conditions. It was found that the size and shape of the product could be tuned by the current density, electrolysis time, electrode distance, and amount of NaBH4% used. The Ag@C6SH NCs in different shapes and sizes (in the range of 30 to 44 nm as an average estimation) were synthesized, under different experimental conditions. Finally, the as-prepared nanoclusters electrosynthesized at optimized conditions were characterized by SEM, XRD, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The average particle size of the triangular/pyramidal shape (Ag@C6SH NCs), obtained under optimized experimental conditions, was 30.5 ± 2.0 nm but the majority of nanoparticles in TC3 SEM are so much finer.