Explore the vast range of titles available.

Background and Aims The human Rhinovirus, a positive‐sense, single‐stranded RNA virus within the Enterovirus genus of the Picornaviridae family, is the most prevalent viral pathogen in humans and the primary cause of the common cold (Verywell Health 2024). Virus‐host interactions, particularly receptor‐mediated adhesion, are pivotal in viral pathogenesis. Competitive inhibition and the use of anti‐adhesive agents have emerged as potential strategies to prevent viral docking. This study aims to explore the structural biology of rhinovirus receptors, specifically the canyon‐like depressions involved in host cell recognition, and investigate molecular approaches to minimize infection and reduce recovery time. Methods A comprehensive structural analysis of human Rhinovirus 14 was conducted, focusing on its unique surface depressions (canyons) surrounding the five‐fold axes. Literature was reviewed for monoclonal antibody interactions via hybridoma technology, as well as anti‐adhesive agents like alginic acid, gelatin, chitosan, and carboxymethyl cellulose. Molecular docking simulations were referenced to evaluate the potential of organic compounds to disrupt viral adhesion. Results The canyon regions on the viral capsid were confirmed as receptor‐binding sites that are structurally shielded from antibody access, allowing the virus to evade immune detection. Anti‐adhesive agents demonstrated theoretical efficacy in competitively inhibiting receptor‐ligand interactions at these sites. Monoclonal antibodies, while effective in certain contexts, showed limited access to conserved binding residues due to spatial constraints. Organic compounds with flexible conformational geometry showed potential in blocking receptor sites by steric hindrance. Conclusion The structural characteristics of human Rhinovirus 14 play a crucial role in immune evasion and receptor binding. While current treatments are limited by the virus's high mutation rate, anti‐adhesive strategies offer a promising avenue to inhibit early‐stage infection and reduce recovery time. Further experimental validation of these agents is necessary to develop effective antiviral therapeutics.

With the global population explosion, the need for increasing crop productivity is reaching its peak. The significance of organic means of cultivation including biofertilizers and biopesticides is undeniable in this context. Over the last few decades, the use of rhizobacteria to induce crop productivity has gained particular interest of researchers. Of these, several Bacillus spp. have been known for their potential plant growth-promoting and phyto-pathogenic actions. Keeping this background in mind, this study was formulated with an aim to unravel the PGPR and phyto-pathogenic potency of Bacillus sp. isolated from extreme environmental conditions, viz. high-altitude waters of Ganges at Gangotri (Basin Extent Longitude Latitude—73° 2′ to 89° 5′ E 21° 6′ to 31° 21′ N). Based on recent studies showing the impact of biofilm on bacterial PGPR potency, three novel strains of Bacillus subtilis were isolated on basis of their extremely high biofilm-producing abilities (BRAM_G1: Accession Number MW006633; BRAM_G2: Accession Numbers MT998278-MT998280; BRAM_G3: Accession Number MT998617), and were tested for their PGPR properties like nutrient sequestration, growth hormone production (IAA, GA 3 ), stress-responsive enzyme production (ACC deaminase) and lignocellulolytic and agriculturally important enzyme productions. The strains were further tested for the plethora of metabolites (liquid and VOCs) exuded by them. Finally, the strains both in individually and in an association, i.e. consortium was tested on a test crop, viz. Zea mays L., and the data were collected at regular intervals and the results were statistically analysed. In the present study, the role of high-altitude novel Bacillus subtilis strains as potent PGPR has been analysed statistically.

Polyextremophily has been an intriguing point of interest among the scientists, a phenomenon in which organisms can thrive in combinations of multiple extreme conditions. In the foreseeable future, climatic conditions are predicted to change, and agriculture is bound to suffer with these changes in the environment. The situation necessitates some solutions that can ensure agricultural sustainability, in the changed, harsh environmental conditions without more toxic chemical intrusions in the agricultural fields. The bacterial strains Brevibacillus parabrevis BRAM_Y3 and Mesobacillus subterraneous BRAM_Y2 in this study, isolated from the waters of Yamunotri showed incredible properties of Polyextremophily like tolerance to not only temperatures as high as 70 degree Centigrade, pH range (4-10), saline, drought, UV and heavy metals such as mercury, iron, silver and arsenic but also their two-dimensional and three-dimensional combinations. The elevated levels of biofilm formation when subjected to stress revealed their property of using biofilm as their shield against harsh conditions. Furthermore, they were studied for their plant growth promotion like nutrient sequestration (N, P, K, plant hormone production etc.) biocontrol properties (cell wall degrading enzymes, siderophores, VOCs etc.) and the ability to confer abiotic stress resistance (ACC Deaminase) to plants. The in-vivo experiments conducted on Zea mays. L yielded conclusive and promising results. The use of these polyextremophiles for agriculture in harsh environments may serve as a solution for the global warming mediated climate and environmental changes.