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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is increasingly diagnosed in adults. In this study we address the question whether there are impairments in recognition memory. In the present study 13 adults diagnosed with ADHD according to DSM-IV and 13 healthy controls were examined with respect to event-related potentials (ERPs) in a visual continuous word recognition paradigm to gain information about recognition memory effects in these patients. The amplitude of one attention-related ERP component, the N1, was significantly increased for the ADHD adults compared with the healthy controls in the occipital electrodes. The ERPs for the second presentation were significantly more positive than the ERPs for the first presentation. This effect did not significantly differ between groups. Neuronal activity related to an early attentional mechanism appears to be enhanced in ADHD patients. Concerning the early or the late part of the old/new effect ADHD patients show no difference which suggests that there are no differences with respect to recollection and familiarity-based recognition processes.

There is increasing evidence from case reports that synesthesia is more common in individuals with autism spectrum conditions (ASC). Further, genes related to synesthesia have also been found to be linked to ASC and, similar to synaesthetes, individuals with ASC show altered brain connectivity and unusual brain activation during sensory processing. However, up to now a systematic investigation of whether synesthesia is more common in ASC patients is missing. The aim of the current pilot study was to test this hypothesis by investigating a group of patients diagnosed with Asperger Syndrome (AS) using questionnaires and standard consistency tests in order to classify them as grapheme-color synaesthetes. The results indicate that there are indeed many more grapheme-color synaesthetes among AS patients. This finding is discussed in relation to different theories regarding the development of synesthesia as well as altered sensory processing in autism.

Aims: Childhood trauma is of importance for the manifestation of substance-related disorders and maintenance of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis disorders. Since stress plays a crucial role in opioid compliance and craving, we investigated the immediate effects of diacetylmorphine application on the HPA axis. In particular, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol secretion, as well as satiety regulating proopiomelanocortin peptides α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) and β-endorphin (END) in a cohort of opioid-dependent patients in diamorphine maintenance treatment concerning the clinical severity of their childhood trauma. Methods: We compared the serum levels of ACTH, cortisol, MSH, and END in 15 opioid-dependent patients. All participants received treatment with diamorphine and were observed at 5 timepoints before and after injection. We split the cohort into 2 subgroups concerning childhood trauma measured by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Results: Splitting in 2 subgroups for mild (5) and severe trauma (10), we found that while both groups show a significant reduction of ACTH and cortisol levels over time, slopes display different progressions over time for cortisol (F[1.6] = 9.38, p = 0.02), while remaining identical for ACTH (F[1.6] = 1.69, p = 0.24). Also, levels of both MSH and END were significantly lower in severely traumatized patients. Conclusions: For the first time, we present a detailed representation of stress- and addiction-related proteins for the first 5 h after diamorphine application, demonstrating the interrelationship between stress hormones and childhood trauma as well as its potential effects on the progression of addictions such as opioid dependence.

Neben Angststorungen und depressiven Erkrankungen gilt das Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit und Hyperaktivitatssyndrom (ADHS) als eine charakteristische Komorbiditat von Internetabhangigkeit. Im Rahmen der Studie wurden jeweils 25 Internetabhangige, ADHS-Patienten und Kontrollprobanden im Hinblick auf ihr Mediennutzungsverhalten, Impulsivitat, Hyperaktivitat und Aufmerksamkeit untersucht.Die psychometrische Querschnittsuntersuchung verwendete zur Diagnostik des ADHS die DSM-IV-Kriterien sowie die Conners Adult ADHS Rating Scale (CAARS) und die Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS). Internetabhangigkeit wurde mit den Young-Kriterien (1998) und der Internetsuchtskala (ISS) erfasst. Neben der BarratImpulsiveness Scale (BIS) fanden weitere psychopathologische Skalen Verwendung.Die ADHS-Patienten weisen im Durchschnitt gegenuber der Gesundengruppe signifikant hohere Werte (MW = 36.83/23.13) in der ISS auf (p < 0.001), wobei 20.1% Probanden Werte erzielten, die fur eine Internetabhangigkeit sprechen. Innerhalb der ADHS-Gruppe ergaben sich zudem signifikante Korrelationen unter anderem zwischen CAARS und BIS (p < 0.001, r = 0.77) sowie zwischen WURS und der im Internet verbrachten Stunden pro Tag (p < 0.01, r = 0.63). In der Gruppe der Internetabhangigen ergaben sich gegenuber Gesunden fur die ADHS-Parameter bei den Internetabhangigen signifikant hohere Mittelwerte sowohl fur den WURS-Summenwert (MW = 25.85/13.59; p < 0.01) als auch fur den CAARS-ADHS-Index (MW = 5.05/3.10; p < 0.001). Bei sieben Internetabhangigen (28%) sprechen die Ergebnisse fur das Vorliegen eines ADHS.Die Ergebnisse, die die Beobachtung einer charakteristischen Komorbiditat der beiden Storungsbilder auch im Erwachsenenalter stutzen, werden vor dem Hintergrund der wissenschaftlichen Datenlage diskutiert. Im Hinblick auf zukunftige Forschung stellt sich die Frage, inwiefern ADHS nicht nur ein Risikofaktor fur die Entwicklung von Internetabhangigkeit, sondern auch umgekehrt exzessive Internetnutzung die Entwicklung eines ADHS begunstigen kann. Derweil erscheint es aus klinischer Perspektive sinnvoll, bei der Diagnosestellung immer auch die jeweils andere Storung im Blick zu haben.

We treated a chronic alcoholic patient who showed all the symptoms of scurvy (petechiae, greyish skin colour, areas of thinning hair on the head, gingivitis, elevated liver enzyme levels, hyponatraemia, hypalbuminaemia and hypothyroidism) at admission. Even today, alcoholics and chronically ill people in particular can develop symptoms of diet-related vitamin C deficiency.

Den alkoholabhängigen Patienten führte ein dringender Entzugswunsch in die Notaufnahme. Sein körperlicher Zustand war deutlich reduziert. Die Symptomkonstellation Petechien, Gingivitis und gelichtete Haarareale ließ jedoch noch ein anderes Problem vermuten: Skorbut. Nach erfolgreicher Primärtherapie stellten die rasch progredienten Unterschenkelödeme die Behandler erneut vor ein Rätsel …

It took 10 months to have all our mail finally catch up to us. Now Haldimand decides to change the regional roads back to what they were originally called. What a waste of time and money.

A heavy volume of calls caused some people to experience busy signals when they tried to report power outages Monday night, Beauregard Electric Cooperative spokesman Kay Fox said.

By a 51 percent to 49 percent margin, voters approved a half-cent sales tax that will allow Sheriff William Earl Hilton to put deputies in each school and to give sizable pay raises to his employees. In addition to raising pay and placing deputies in the schools, Hilton plans to use the remainder of the tax revenue to buy additional water-patrol boats, increase highway litter pickup, purchase bio-terrorism equipment and create a mobile search-and-rescue command center.