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Our research is centered on the Gandhar oil field, which was discovered in 1983, where daily oil production has declined significantly over the years. The primary objective was to evaluate the feasibility of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) storage through its injection into the siliciclastic reservoirs of Ankleshwar Formation. We aimed to obtain high-resolution acoustic impedance data to estimate porosity employing model-based poststack seismic inversion. We conducted an analysis of the density and effective porosity in the target zone through geostatistical techniques and probabilistic neural networks. Simultaneously, the work also involved geomechanical analysis through the computation of pore pressure and fracture gradient using well-log data, geological information, and drilling events in the Gandhar field. Our investigation unveiled spatial variations in effective porosity within the Hazad Member of the Ankleshwar Formation, with an effective porosity exceeding 25% observed in several areas, which indicates the presence of well-connected pore spaces conducive to efficient CO 2 migration. Geomechanical analysis showed that the vertical stress (Sv) ranged from 55 MPa to 57 MPa in Telwa and from 63.7 MPa to 67.7 MPa in Hazad Member. The pore pressure profile displayed variations along the stratigraphic sequence, with the shale zone, particularly in the Kanwa Formation, attaining the maximum pressure gradient (approximately 36 MPa). However, consistently low pore pressure values (30–34 MPa) considerably below the fracture gradient curves were observed in Hazad Member due to depletion. The results from our analysis provide valuable insights into shaping future field development strategies and exploration of the feasibility of CO 2 sequestration in Gandhar Field.

This paper presents two studies of an intervention designed to help undergraduates comprehend mathematical proofs. The intervention used multimedia resources that presented proofs with audio commentary and visual animations designed to focus attention on logical relationships. In study 1, students studied an e-Proof or a standard written proof and their comprehension was assessed in both immediate and delayed tests; the groups performed similarly at immediate test, but the e-Proof group exhibited poorer retention. Study 2 accounted for this unexpected result by using eye-movement analyses to demonstrate that participants who studied an e-Proof exhibited less processing effort when not listening to the audio commentary. We suggest that the extra support offered by e-Proofs disrupts the processes by which students organise information, and thus restricts the extent to which their new understanding is integrated with existing knowledge. We discuss the implications of these results for evaluating teaching innovations and for supporting proof comprehension.

This thesis is a single case study of the introduction and evaluation of new resources and new technologies in higher education; in which e-Proof was chosen as a single case. E-proofs are a multimedia representation of proofs, were created by Alcock (2009), and aimed to help undergraduates to read proofs for better proof comprehension. My thesis aimed to investigate whether the impact of reading such technology-based resource, e-Proofs, on undergraduates proof comprehension was better compared to reading written textbook proofs and if so, then why (or why not). To evaluate the effectiveness of e-Proofs, I used both qualitative and quantitative methods. First I measured undergraduates satisfaction, which is a most common research practice in evaluation studies, by using self-reporting methods such as web-based survey and interviews. A web-based survey and focus-group interviews showed that undergraduates liked to have e-Proofs and they believed that e-Proofs had positive impact on their proof comprehension. However, their positive views on e-Proofs did not evidence the educational impact of e-Proofs. I conducted an interview with Alcock for better understanding of her intentions of creating e-Proof and her expectations from it. Next, I conducted the first experiment which compared the impact of reading an e-Proof with a written textbook proof on undergraduates proof comprehension. Their comprehension was measured with an open-ended comprehension test twice immediately after reading the proof and after two weeks. I found that the immediate impact of reading an e-Proof and a textbook proof were essentially the same, however the long term impact of reading an e-Proof was worse than reading a textbook proof (for both high and low achieving undergraduates). This leads to the second experiment in which I investigated how undergraduates read e-Proofs and textbook proofs. In the second experiment, participants eye-movements were recorded while read- ing proofs, to explore their reading comprehension processes. This eye-tracking experiment showed that undergraduates had a sense of understanding of how to read a proof without any additional help. Rather, additional help allowed them to take a back seat and to devote less cognitive effort than they would otherwise. Moreover, e-Proofs altered undergraduates reading behaviours in a way which can harm learning. In sum, this thesis contributes knowledge into the area of reading and compre- hending proofs at undergraduate level and presents a methodology for evaluation studies of new pedagogical tools.

The success of the oil and gas industry depends on utilizing a good geological model. The traditional interpretation of a geological model requires the use of both seismic and well log data. Since seismic data is an indirect measure of the lithology, it can miss out on some important lithological boundaries due to absence of high‐frequency data in the deeper section. Well log data, on the other hand, is a direct measure of the lithology and can be a good addition to demarcate lithological boundaries. This paper identifies the lithological boundaries using gamma‐ray log based on two different techniques without much involvement from the interpreter. The workflow considers the amplitude spectrum of the seismic data to tie with the well‐derived output. This data‐driven automated process can help an interpreter draw and develop a geological model quickly and efficiently.

Members of a South African orchid society, disappointed that international trade regulations had denied them permission to bring real animal parts or live birds, huffily constructed a jungle display with fake leopards, rhino horns and elephant tusks. \"[...] the flower is OK!\" When judging commenced, more than 200 connoisseurs, most with salt-and-pepper hair and clad in loose clothes and comfortable running shoes, scrambled from one exhibit to another armed with judging sheets, measuring tapes and laser pointers.

Background: Genetic variations in nucleotide excision repair genes can alter the risk of squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (SCCHN). Materials and Methods: The present study has genotyped 334 subjects from North Indian population for xeroderma pigmentosum complementation Group C (XPC) rs2228001A>C, XPC rs77907221 polyadenylate (PAT) deletion/insertion (D/I), xeroderma pigmentosum complementation Group D - rs13181A>C, and xeroderma pigmentosum complementation Type G rs17655 G>C polymorphisms with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction-fragment length polymorphism or allele-specific PCR methods. Results: Compared to D allele, I allele for XPC PAT D/I polymorphism was associated with significantly decreased the risk of SCCHN (odds ratios = 0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] =0.48-0.94, P = 0.03). Haplotype CI constituted from XPC polymorphisms was also associated with decreased risk of SCCHN (P = 0.004). In contrast, haplotype Crohn's disease significantly increased the risk for SCCHN (P < 0.00). A significant early onset of SCCHN was observed in individuals with CC genotype for XPC A>C polymorphism (P = 0.004). Conclusion: Our results suggest a possible risk modulation for SCCHN with XPC polymorphisms in North Indian population.

Genetic variations in nucleotide excision repair genes can alter the risk of squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (SCCHN). The present study has genotyped 334 subjects from North Indian population for xeroderma pigmentosum complementation Group C (XPC) rs2228001A>C, XPC rs77907221 polyadenylate (PAT) deletion/insertion (D/I), xeroderma pigmentosum complementation Group D - rs13181A>C, and xeroderma pigmentosum complementation Type G rs17655 G>C polymorphisms with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction-fragment length polymorphism or allele-specific PCR methods. Compared to D allele, I allele for XPC PAT D/I polymorphism was associated with significantly decreased the risk of SCCHN (odds ratios 0.67, 95 confidence interval [CI] 0.48-0.94, P 0.03). Haplotype CI constituted from XPC polymorphisms was also associated with decreased risk of SCCHN (P 0.004). In contrast, haplotype Crohns disease significantly increased the risk for SCCHN (P C polymorphism (P 0.004). Our results suggest a possible risk modulation for SCCHN with XPC polymorphisms in North Indian population.