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This study focuses on the atlas, a pivotal component of the craniovertebral junction, bridging the cranium and spinal column. Notably, variations in its arches are documented globally, necessitating a thorough assessment and categorization due to their significant implications in clinical, diagnostic, functional, and therapeutic contexts. The primary objective is to ascertain the frequency of these anatomical deviations in the atlas arches among a Colombian cohort using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Employing a descriptive, cross-sectional approach, this research scrutinizes the structural intricacies of the atlas arches in CBCT scans. Analytical parameters included sex distribution and the nature of anatomical deviations as per Currarino's classification. Statistical analyses were conducted to identify significant differences, including descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests. A systematic review of the literature was conducted in order to enhance the current Currarino's classification. The study examined 839 CBCT images, with a nearly equal sex distribution (49.7% female, 50.3% male). Anatomical variations were identified in 26 instances (3%), displaying a higher incidence in females (X2 [(1,  = 839) = 4.0933,  = 0.0430]). The most prevalent variation was Type A (2.5%), followed by Type B (0.4%), and Type G (0.2%) without documenting any other variation. The systematic review yielded 7 studies. A novel classification system for these variations is proposed, considering global prevalence data in the cervical region. The study highlights a statistically significant predominance of Type A variations in the female subset. Given the critical nature of the craniovertebral junction and supporting evidence, it recommends an amendment to Currarino's classification to better reflect these clinical observations. A thorough study of anatomical variations of the upper cervical spine is relevant as they can impact important functional aspects such as mobility as well as stability. Considering the intricate anatomy of this area and the pivotal function of the atlas, accurately categorizing the variations of its arches is crucial for clinical practice. This classification aids in diagnosis, surgical planning, preventing iatrogenic incidents, and designing rehabilitation strategies.

Objective: To evaluate the predictive risk factors associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adolescents from the western region of Mexico. Materials and Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 516 adolescents. Anthropometric data, blood pressure, and biochemical determinations were obtained. The diagnosis of MetS was based on the criteria proposed by de Ferranti in 2004. The triglyceride–glucose index (TyG index) was calculated, where a value >4.68 indicates insulin resistance (IR). Risk factors associated with MetS were evaluated using a logistic regression model. The statistical analysis was performed with the level of statistical significance established was p < 0.05. Results: The MetS prevalence was 17.2% among adolescents. One out of every two adolescents with obesity presented with MetS. Abdominal obesity and dyslipidemia are the most common components. Predictors of MetS included male sex, early adolescence, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) > 0.5, increased body fat percentage, and TyG Index > 4.68 (IR). In the sex-specific analysis, a WHtR > 0.5 and IR were associated with MetS in female adolescents. In male adolescents, IR and body fat percentage were associated with MetS. The WHtR was associated with IR, and hypertriglyceridemia was associated with elevated alanine aminotransferase. Conclusions: In this study, two out of ten adolescents presented with MetS. In boys, a high prevalence of abdominal obesity, hypoalphalipoproteinemia, insulin resistance and MetS was observed. The risk of developing MetS is greater in preadolescent boys with abdominal obesity, high levels of body fat, and a TyG index > 4.68.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1348066.].

Background. Considering the limitations of visualization that occur even with the use of radiographs, the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) becomes more attractive to diagnose and propose an assertive treatment plan. This study aimed to evaluate intra and interobserver reproducibility, and concordance of 31 reference points we described considering visualization tools and the three planes of space in a bimaxillary CBCT. Methods. Three observers located in triplicate the 31 reference points in the CBCT of six healthy patients. Friedman test was used to compare intraobserver paired samples, and interobserver concordance was determined by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with ranges>0.75 (excellent), between 0.60 and 0.74 (good), between 0.40 and 0.59 (sufficient) and<0.40 (poor). The P value was set at<0.05. Results. A high ICC (>0.75%) was obtained by comparing the x, y, and z values at the location of landmark points. Excellent ICC>0.75 was for 81.7% and poor<0.40 was 7.5% in the interobserver evaluation. Data showed that 25 points had excellent concordance on the x-plane, 25 on the y-plane, and 26 on the z-plane (0.75%). Conclusion. Intraobserver concordance analysis indicated that location of anatomical reference points on bimaxillary CBCT is performed with great reproducibility by interpreting their location with a clear description in the three planes of space. Complexity of achieving a good precision degree in the manual marking of reference points caused by convexities of the anatomical structures involved, might explain the variability found. The systematized location of the reference points would contribute to reduce such variability.

This article identified the narratives that La Opinion.com.co (the online version of a newspaper from Cúcuta, Colombia, the main city on the Colombian-Venezuelan border) made about Venezuelan migrant women from 2015-2020. Through the content analysis of 134 notes, it was determined that the media reports migrants as vulnerable, with little agency capacity and whose strengths are based on sex work or the involvement of criminal acts. Women are protagonists in the binomial agents or victims, identifying three narrative lines: the victims and agents of the border crisis; murder victims and criminals, and lastly, victims of prostitution and trafficking in persons for sexual exploitation and prostitutes. In conclusion, it has constructed precarious narratives of the Venezuelan migrant woman associated with the dangerous, the sick or the contagious. Este artículo identificó las narrativas que sobre las mujeres migrantes venezolanas realizó La Opinión.com.co (la versión en línea de un diario de Cúcuta, Colombia, la principal ciudad en la frontera colombo-venezolana) desde el 2015-2020. A través del análisis de contenido de 134 notas se determinó que el medio relata a las migrantes como vulnerables, y cuyas fortalezas están fundamentadas en el trabajo sexual o la implicación actos delictivos. Así, las mujeres son protagonistas en el binomio agentes o víctimas, identificándose tres líneas narrativas: las víctimas y agentes de la crisis fronteriza; las víctimas de asesinatos y las delincuentes, y, por último, las víctimas de la prostitución y la trata de personas con fines de explotación sexual y las prostitutas. En conclusión, el diario en línea ha construido narrativas precarizadas de la mujer migrante venezolana asociadas con lo peligroso, lo enfermo o lo contagioso.

 Este artículo tiene como propósito identificar las interacciones socioculturales que tejen las personas migrantes venezolanas en su proceso de asentamiento en Cúcuta, Colombia, principal ciudad fronteriza receptora. Es una investigación con enfoque fenomenológico; se utilizan la observación no participante, el análisis de contenido de notas de prensa y las historias de vida. El trabajo muestra que la migración es asumida como una oportunidad, configurando estrategias de resistencia y de resiliencia, basadas en la interculturación y la multiterritorialidad, dada la proximidad de su país.

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to analyse the combined effect of sensory variables, information and attitudinal constructs in the prediction of consumer behaviour towards homemade food. Design/methodology/approach - A quantitative survey-based study was carried out in Lima, Peru, with subjects involved in making household food purchasing decisions. A sensory test was performed and respondents were asked about their degree of liking (DOL) and intention to buy (ITB) a specific homemade food product. Ordinary least squares was used to identify predictors of DOL and ITB. Findings - Information about homemade characteristics affects neither the sensory evaluation of a homemade food product nor the dependent variables. The sensory attributes were the most important predictors of overall DOL, whereas buying intention was strongly influenced by the overall liking of the product. Attitude towards homemade food significantly predicted both dependent variables as well. While the importance given to extrinsic cues had a negative effect on overall DOL, food enjoyment positively affected ITB. Research limitations/implications - Bias in some socio-demographic aspects and the fact that only one homemade product category was assessed in a specific location do not allow for generalisations. The use of negative-to-positive response scales might also have biased the results of this study. Originality/value - To the best of the authors knowledge, this is the first research paper that analyse the combined effect of information, socio-demographic, psychographic and sensory variables in the prediction of consumer behaviour towards homemade food.

Las sociedades actuales se ven abocadas a fortalecer los procesos de inclusión laboral de personas con discapacidad, dando respuesta a las necesidades de reconocimiento de la diversidad de conocimientos, habilidades y capacidades de la fuerza laboral, sumado a la responsabilidad social corporativa de las organizaciones. Esta investigación se centró en identificar los procesos de inclusión laboral que se llevan a cabo en las organizaciones en Armenia, Quindío. Bajo un abordaje metodológico cuantitativo en prospectiva, de tipo transversal descriptivo, se contó con una muestra de 243 trabajadores relacionados con el área de gestión humana de las organizaciones. El instrumento utilizado fue la escala de inclusión laboral de personas con discapacidad –Working Inclusion Disability People Scale-WINDIPS–, que se basa en las dimensiones de apoyo y vinculación, permanencia y progreso, las cuales se desarrollan a partir de diferentes prácticas inclusivas. La versión final consta de 12 ítems con opción de respuesta tipo Likert. Finalmente, se obtuvo una puntuación total donde el 24.7 % tenían bajas prácticas de inclusión, el 53.5 % un nivel medio y el 21.8 % un nivel alto. Se logró identificar que más de la mitad de las organizaciones participantes aún requieren trabajar en sus prácticas de inclusión laboral.

El objetivo del estudio es reconocer las dinámicas de redes y saberes colectivos dentro de la comunidad migrante venezolana en Bogotá (Colombia) durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Desde una perspectiva mixta exploratoria, en la que convergen la observación focalizada, la encuesta y la entrevista, fue posible analizar el flujo de contenidos en las redes sociodigitales, las visiones de expertos en atención a población migrante y las realidades de esta comunidad. Se comprobó que las redes administradas por ellos se configuran en una infraestructura comunicativa bidireccional y permanente que les permite intercambiar conocimientos prácticos a través de la inteligencia colectiva, logrando su supervivencia, no solo frente a la pandemia, sino en relación con su salud mental y sus medios de vida durante el confinamiento físico obligatorio.

Objetivo Aplicar una técnica de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) múltiple en tiempo real para la detección de Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes y Yersinia enterocolitica, como herramienta de apoyo diagnóstico en la vigilancia de brotes de enfermedad transmitida por alimentos.Materiales y Métodos Se aplicó la metodología molecular en muestras clínicas provenientes de individuos que estaban asociados a brotes de enfermedad transmitida por alimentos de dos departamentos de Colombia. Los resultados se compararon con los datos arrojados por la metodología convencional de cultivo. Adicionalmente a los aislamientos obtenidos se les evaluó relación clonal mediante la técnica de electroforesis de campo pulsado (PFGE).Resultados Se determinó un total de 123 casos de enfermedad transmitida por alimentos de los cuales 45 muestras biológicas fueron confirmadas por laboratorio y 88 mediante nexo epidemiológico. La metodología molecular detectó 35/45 muestras positivas frente a 17/45 muestras positivas detectadas mediante la metodología convencional. La PFGE demostró relación clonal en cada brote.Conclusión Los resultados del estudio demuestran la aplicabilidad de la técnica molecular como herramienta útil de apoyo diagnóstico en la caracterización de brotes de enfermedad transmitida por alimentos, permitiendo una respuesta oportuna y confiable.